- Stem cells are unspecialized cells that can renew themselves and differentiate into specialized cell types. They can be classified by their source (embryonic or adult) and potency (totipotent, pluripotent, multipotent, etc.).
- The Ayurvedic concept of Dhatus is similar to modern concepts of stem cells, with Sthayi Dhatus representing stem cells and Asthayi Dhatus representing functional tissues.
- Rasayanas are thought to act primarily at the stem cell level by enhancing proliferation, differentiation, and tissue regeneration. Specific Rasayanas may target stem cells of particular tissues or systems. Further studies on stem cell lines could help elucidate how
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Understanding concept of rasayana in respect to dhaatu
1. UNDERSTANDING CONCEPT OF
RASAYANA IN RESPECT TO
DHAATU & STEM CELLS
DR BS PRASAD MD, PhD
PRINCIPAL
KLEU SHRI BMK AYURVED
MAHAVIDYALAYA
BELGAUM, KARNATAKA
2.
3.
4. Scientists are promising
• Culturing of any type of cells
• Making available of one’s own duplicate organs
for transplant
5. • What made the scientists think and postulate
stem cells?
and
• What they are?
6. Formation of RBC
RBCs
What after 120 days ????
Haemopiotic
Cells
WBCs
12. STEM CELLS
Stem
cells
• Cells that can
make more of
themselves
• Cells that can
become almost
any cell
13. • Stem cells are capable of dividing and renewing
themselves for long periods.
• Unlike muscle cells, blood cells, or nerve cells—
which do not normally replicate themselves—
stem cells may replicate many times, or
proliferate.
14. • Stem cells differ from other kinds of cells and
have three general properties:
▫ they are capable of dividing and renewing
themselves for long periods
▫ they are unspecialized
▫ they can give rise to specialized cell types
15. • Stem cells are unspecialized.
• Stem cells do not have any tissue-specific
structures that allow to perform specialized
functions.
• For example, a stem cell cannot pump blood
(like a heart muscle cell), and it cannot carry
oxygen molecules (like a red blood cell).
16. • Unspecialized stem cells can give rise to
specialized cells, including heart muscle cells,
blood cells, or nerve cells and the process is
called differentiation.
• Hematopoietic stem cells give rise to all the
types of blood cells: red blood cells, B
lymphocytes, T lymphocytes, natural killer cells,
neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, monocytes,
and macrophages.
17. • Mesenchymal stem cells give rise to a variety of
cell types: bone cells (osteocytes), cartilage cells
(chondrocytes), fat cells (adipocytes) etc.
• Neural stem cells in the brain give rise to its
three major cell types: nerve cells (neurons) and
two categories of non-neuronal cells—astrocytes
and oligodendrocytes.
18. • Epithelial stem cells in the lining of the digestive
tract give rise to several cell types: absorptive
cells, goblet cells, and enteroendocrine cells.
• The epidermal stem cells give rise to
keratinocytes
• The follicular stem cells can give rise to both the
hair follicle and to the epidermis.
20. • Potency is how many types of cells a stem cell
can become.
▫ Totipotent stem cells are capable of developing
into any other type of body cell.
▫ Pluripotent cells are almost as potent as
totipotent stem cells. They have barely started
differentiating and can develop into almost any
other type of cell, except placenta.
21. ▫ Multipotent stem cells that have begun differentiating into
a general type of cell. For blood cell giving rise to a blood cell
only but not brain cell.
▫ Oligopotent stem cells can differentiate into only a few
types of cell. For example, a lymphoid stem cell can become
any of the blood cells found in the lymphatic system (T cells,
B cells, and plasma cells), but not a different kind of blood
cell, such as a red blood cell, or platelet.
▫ Unipotent stem cells can only become one type of cell their
own. They are considered stem cells because they can
reproduce indefinitely. An example is skin cells, which can
renew themselves indefinitely, but which cannot become any
other type of cell.
22. Embryonic stem cells
• Embryonic stem cells come from a five to six -
day- old embryo. They have the ability to form
virtually any type of cell found in the human
body.
• Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types
of the body.
24. Adult stem cells
• Adult stem cells are undifferentiated cells found
among specialised (differentiated) cells in a
tissue or organ after birth.
• Adult stem cells have limited to differentiating
capasity.
25. • Adult stem cells have been identified in many
organs and tissues, including brain, bone
marrow, peripheral blood, blood vessels, skeletal
muscle, skin, teeth, heart, gut, liver, ovarian
epithelium, and testis.
• They are thought to reside in a specific area of
each tissue (called a "stem cell niche").
26.
27. • Differentiation of adult stem cells:
• Adult stem cells divide, when needed, and can
give rise to mature cell types that have
▫ Characteristic shape
▫ Specialized structures
▫ Functions of a particular tissue
29. • A blood-forming cell in the bone marrow -
hematopoietic stem cell—cannot give rise to
the cells of a very different tissue, such as nerve
cells in the brain.
31. • Scientists discovered two regions of the brain that
contained dividing cells that ultimately become
nerve cells.
• Despite these reports, most scientists believed that
the adult brain could not generate new nerve cells.
• It was not until the 1990s that scientists agreed that
the adult brain does contain stem cells that are able
to generate the brain's three major cell types—
astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, which are
non-neuronal cells, and neurons, or nerve cells.
32. Dhatu
• Ayurved identified sapta dhatu and few
upadhatu.
• Adya rasadhatu is the source for Saptadhatu
• Sukshmabhaga of dhatu nourishes successive
dhatu
• Uttarottara dhatu poshana is possible only in
forward direction
33. • Several types of tissues are described at present
• Ayurved considered group of tissues under one
dhatu and hence listed only seven dhatu
• Dhatu concept represent advanced stem cell
theories
34. STHAYI DHATU
(STEM CELLS)
STHULA BHAGA
ASTHAYI DHATU
POSHYA (FUNCTIONAL
(CELLULAR CELLS)
PART)
SUKSHMABHAGA (STEM CELLS
D UNDERGOING TRANSFORMATION)
H
A
FROM ANNARASA
T (EXOGENOUS)
U
POSHAKA (NOURISHMENT
PART FROM RASA) FROM SARIRARASA
(ENDOGENOUS)
35. FUNCTIONAL TISSUES OF SKIN ETC.
(ASTHAYI RASA DHATU)
TOTIPOTENT
CELLS TRANSFORMATION
UNDERGOING
SUKSHMABHAGA
….
STAGE OF
TOTIPOTENT
FERTILIZATION CELLS (STHAYI
RASA DHATU
36.
37. Stem cells of Mamsa Dhatu Asthayi Mamsa Dhatu
(Sthayi Mamsa Dhatu)
Differentiation
Sukshma Bhaga of
Mamsa dhatu
Transforming into
Meda dhatu
46. Somopaana vidhi
– kuti pravesika Rasayana
Day Event
Second Vamana with maggots & blood stain
Third Virechana with maggots
Fourth Whole body swelling & maggots from all orifices
Seventh Only skin & bones remain.
Life is preserved due to soma
Eighth Skin shred off. Fall of teeth, nails, body hair
17th & 18th Eruption of good teeth & nails….
47. VIDANGA TANDULA RASAYANA
Duration Event
After a month Maggots come out of body
Second month Ant like creatures come out
Third month Lice comes out
Fourth month Fall off – teeth, nails, body hair
Fifth month Good strength & luster
Increased perception of sense organs
49. • As the stem cells give rise to functional tissues
rasayana drugs are supposed to act on stem cells
• Tissue/system specific rasayana are likely to act
on that particular stem cells
• Rasayana drugs for vayasthapana – enhance cell
proliferation capacity of stem cells
50. SUMMARY
• Stem cells are unspecialised Cells capable of renew or
proliferate for longer times.
• Unspecialized stem cells can give rise to specialized cells
and the process is called differentiation.
• Stem cell classification:
▫ By source: Embryonic, Adult
▫ By potency: Totipotent, Pluri/Multi/Oligo/Unipotent
• Embryonic stem cells can become all cell types of the body.
• Dhaatu concept & advanced stem cell theories are in same
lines
• Rasayana exerts effects mostly at stem cell level