Reification

REIFICATION

KAZUHIRO FUJIE

Gaze at RDF and RSS
imagine Semantic Web

Kazuhiro Fujie
ITOCHU TECHNO-SCIENCE Corporation
2004/12/01

quot; I’m in. quot;

Trinity

I got the key.
• 名称: W3C Day Japan 2003
• 日時: 2003年11月14日 (金)
• 「Web の生みの親 Tim Berners-Lee 自
ら Semantic Web を語る」
– http://www.w3.org/2003/11/14-W3CDay-
Japan/

• 計算機処理可能なメタデータによって構築さ
れる次世代 Web 技術 Semantic Web

quot; Zion! Hear Me!quot;

Morpheus

quot; Zion! Hear Me!
It is true what many of you have heard.
The machines have gathered an army, and
I speak that army is drawing nearer to our
home.
Believe me when I say we have a difficult
time ahead of us. But if we are to be
prepared for it, we must first shed our fear
of it. I stand here before you now truthfully
unafraid.
Why? quot;

Morpheus

quot; Because I believe something you do not?
No?
I stand here without fear because I
remember.
I remember that I am here not because of
the path that lies before me, but because
of the path that lies behind me.
I remember that for 100 years we have
fought these machines.
I remember that 100 years they have sent
their armies to destroy us.quot;

Morpheus

quot; And after a century of war, I remember
that which matters most:
We are still here!
Tonight, let us send a message to that
army.
Tonight, let us shake this cave.
Tonight, let us tremble these halls of earth,
steel and stone.
Let us be heard from red core to black sky.
Tonight, let us make them remember:
This is zion and we are not afraid! quot;

Morpheus

Blog
• Web+Log -> WebLog -> We+Blog
-> Blog
• 「手軽に更新できる」サイト
– コンテンツの更新や追加を、ブラウザから行な
える
• 記事が新しい順に時系列に並んでいる
• Web日記? Journal vs. weblog
• 様々な形態。より簡単に。

Blog CGI Server
• Movable Type
• Blosxom(pronounced quot;blossomquot;),
Nucleus, WordPress, pMachine,
Radio UserLand, …
• GsBlog, Blogn(ぶろぐん),
PHPWeblog, ppBlog, stereolog, sb,
Naruto, 華式(Kshiki), WebFrog,
tDiary, …

Blog Hosting Service
• Blogger, TypePad, Tripod blog, …
• チャンネル北国tv, はてなダイアリー,
JUGEM, 2ch-blog, ヤプログ, …
• goo BLOG, livedoor Blog, 楽天広場,
Excite ブログ, MSN space, …
• ココログ, ブログ人, So-net blog, AOL
ダイアリー, LOVELOG, ウェブリブログ
• TypePad Japan, サンリオブログ, …

Blog Feature
• Simple and Easy
– 個人で始められる。
– 簡単に更新できる。
– 更新が頻繁に行われる。
• Syndication
– 他のサイトと連携ができる。
RSS
– TrackBack,

Wiki
• Ward Cunningham
– Wiki Wiki Web
– quot; The simplest online database that
could possibly work. quot;
• 「誰でも編集できる」
• WikiWikiClones
– RWiki, Hiki, Swiki, FreeStyle Wiki,
YukiWiki, …

quot; It is purpose that created us.
Purpose that connects us.
Purpose that pull us.
That guides us.
That drives us.
It is purpose that defines.
Purpose that bind us.quot;

Smith (not Agent)

Syndication

Feed & Aggregation

Content Syndication
• サイトの更新情報を提供。
– quot; Syndicate this site (XML) quot;
– 「このサイトと連携する (XML) 」
• RSSを生成し提供
– Blogの機能による
– Blog以外のサイトでも提供

Subscription &
Aggregation
• RSS Feed and Reader/Aggregator
• Publish/Subscribe model
RSS RSS
Subscription
Feed Reader
Aggregation
Subscription
Subscription

RSS RSS
Subscription
Feed/ Feed/
Subscription
Reader Reader

quot; I am a trafficker of
information.
I know everything I can. quot;

Merovingian

RSS Reader/Aggregator
• Feedreader, FeedDemon, RSSOwl,
NewsGlue, SharpReader, …
• Headline-Deskbar, RabbitTicker, …
• AmphetaDesk, …
• Miech, Mozilla Firefox, …
• RSS Feed を提供しているサイトを登録し
自ら読み込む事により更新情報を取得。

quot; I know because I must know.
It is my purpose.
It’s the reason I’m here,
the same reason
we’re all here. quot;
Keymaker

RSS Stands for …
• RDF Site Summary - RSS1.0
• Rich Site Summary - RSS0.91
• Really Simple Syndication -RSS2.0
• Radio Service Software, Rail
Security Service, Remote Storage
Service, Remote Switch
Subsystem, Roland Sound Space …

RSS CAST & CREW
• Ramanathan V. Guha, Apple.
• Ora Lassila, Ralph R. Swick, W3C.
• Dan Libby, Netscape.
• Dave Winer, UserLand Software.
• The RSS-DEV Working Group:
• Netscape, Apple(Steve Jobs), W3C,
Microsoft, UserLand, O’Reilly, …

RDF/RSS History 1/6
• Meta Content Framework (MCF)
– Project Sauce/X, later renamed
HotSauce, Ramanathan Guha
• Channel Definition Format (CDF)
– called quot;Pointcastquot;, Microsoft.
– called quot;Active Desktopquot;, Microsoft.

RDF/RSS History 2/6
• Resource Description Framework
(RDF)
– first RDF working draft released.
– RDF Model and Syntax Specification
released as a W3C Recommendation,
W3C.

RDF/RSS History 3/6
• RSS 0.9 (RDF Site Summary)
– called quot;My Netscape Networkquot;, Dan
Libby, Netscape.
• RSS 0.91 (Rich Site Summary)
– Dan Libby, Netscape
– Dave Winer, UserLand.

RDF/RSS History 4/6
• RSS 1.0 (RDF Site Summary)
– closer original RDF conception, The
RSS-DEV group.
• RSS 0.92 (Rich Site Summary?)

RDF/RSS History 5/6
(RDF)
– RDF Schema Specification 1.0
published as a W3C Candidate
Recommendation, W3C.
• XML World 2000
– quot;XML and the Webquot;, by Tim Berners-
Lee.

RDF/RSS History 6/6
• RSS 2.0 (Really Simple
Syndication)
• Atom (formerly Echo) …

quot; Confused, Mr. Anderson?
It’ll all become clear in a
moment. quot;

Bane (Smith)

Confusion Version
• RSS 0.90 - RDF Based, Netscape.
• RSS 0.91 - RDF-free, Netscape
and UserLand Software.
• RSS 1.0 – RDF Based, The RSS-
DEV.
• RSS 0.92 - RDF-free, UserLand.
• RSS 2.0 - RDF-free, UserLand.

quot; Reload ! quot;

Captain Mifune

tree of RSS 1.0
channel
channel

title image textinput item
title image textinput item

link title title title
link title title title

description url description link
description url description link

image link name description
image link name description
textinput link
textinput link
items
items

RSS 1.0 document 1/3
• Generated by Movable Type
<?xml version=quot;1.0quot; encoding=quot;utf-8quot;?>

<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#
xmlns:dc=http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
xmlns:sy=http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/syndication/
xmlns:admin=http://webns.net/mvcb/
xmlns:cc=http://web.resource.org/cc/
xmlns=quot;http://purl.org/rss/1.0/quot;>

<channel rdf:about=quot;http://johnnydepp/macaroni/quot;>
…
</rdf:RDF>

<channel rdf:about=quot;http://johnnydepp/macaroni/quot;>
<title>m@c@roni</title>
<link>http://johnnydepp/macaroni/</link>
<description /> <dc:language /> <dc:creator />
<dc:date>2004-11-12T14:41:00+09:00</dc:date>
<admin:generatorAgent rdf:resource=
quot;http://www.movabletype.org/?v=3.01D-jaquot; />
<items>
<rdf:Seq>
<rdf:li rdf:resource=quot;http://johnnydepp/macaroni/
archives/2004/11/get_you_ferrari_1.htmlquot; />
</rdf:Seq>
</items>
</channel>

<item rdf:about=quot;http://johnnydepp/macaroni/
archives/2004/11/get_you_ferrari_1.htmlquot;>
<title>Ferrari iPod Photo - Gonna Get You</title>
<link>http://johnnydepp/macaroni/
archives/2004/11/get_you_ferrari_1.html</link>
<description>Ferrari色を注文しました。思い切ってのiPod
Photoです。 ...</description>
<dc:subject>Box</dc:subject>
<dc:creator>kfujie</dc:creator>
<dc:date>2004-11-12T14:41:00+09:00</dc:date>
</item>
</rdf:RDF>

quot; Blind messiah,
you’re a symbol for all of
your kind, Mr. Anderson.
Helpless.
Pathetic.
Just waiting to be put out of
your misery. quot;

Bane (Smith)

RSS library of Java
• Informa
– quot; The goal of the Informa Project is to
provide a news aggregation library
based on the Java Platform. quot;
– RSS 0.9x, RSS 1.0 / RDF, RSS 2.0,
Atom 0.3
• Others
– RSS4j, RSSLib4J, RSSLibJ …
– (JSR) Standard does not exist.

Using Informa
• Parsing an RSS feed
File inpFile = new File(quot;javanews.xmlquot;);
ChannelIF channel = FeedParser.parse(new ChannelBuilder(), inpFile);

URL inpUrl = new URL(quot;http://johnnydepp/macaroni/index.rdfquot;);
ChannelIF channel = FeedParser.parse(new ChannelBuilder(), inpUrl);

Result of Parsing
• Output of Console
C:¥>java Trainman http://johnnydepp/macaroni/index.rdf
Channel Title : m@c@roni
Channel Overview :
Channel Generator : http://www.movabletype.org/?v=3.01D-ja
Channel Docs : http://purl.org/rss/1.0/
Items+ ...
+------------------------------------------+
- Title : Ferrari iPod Photo - Gonna Get You
- Link : http://johnnydepp/macaroni/archives/
2004/11/get_you_ferrari_1.html
- Desc : Ferrari色を注文しました。
思い切ってのiPod Photoです。
...

quot; Knuckle Up ! quot;

Captain Mifune

quot; The Trainman.
I don’t like him. quot;
Sati

RDF

Resource Description
Framework

RDF Stands for …
– framework for metadata
• Refuse Derived Fuel
– 可燃性廃棄物（ごみ等）を破砕､圧縮成形する
ことにより作られる固形燃料です

RDF CAST & CREW
• Ora Lassila, W3C.
• Ralph R. Swick, W3C.
• Ramanathan V. Guha, IBM.
• Dan Brickley, W3C.
• Eric Miller, W3C.
• Tim Bray, Sun Microsystems.
• Tim Berners-Lee, W3C.

Framework (RDF)
• RDF is a universal format for data on
the Web
• RDF started as framework for
metadata; providing interoperability
between applications that exchange
machine-understandable information
on the Web.

Framework (RDF) cont.
• RDF emphasizes facilities to enable
automated processing of Web
resources and as such provides the
basic building blocks for supporting
the Semantic Web.
• RDF metadata can be used in a
variety of application areas; …

Metadata
• Metadata is quot;data about data.quot;
–ex. a library catalog is metadata.
• The solution proposed here is to use
metadata to describe the data
contained on the Web.
– Because of the volume of information
the Web contains, it is not possible to
manage it manually.

RDF Specification
(RDF): Concepts and Abstract
Syntax
• RDF Semantics
• RDF/XML Syntax Specification
(Revised)
• RDF Vocabulary Description
Language 1.0: RDF Schema
• RDF Primer
• RDF Test Case

RDF Design Goals
• A Simple Data Model
• Formal Semantics and Inference
• Extensible URI-based Vocabulary
• XML-based Syntax
• Use XML Schema Datatypes
• Anyone Can Make Statements
About Any Resource

RDF Concepts
• Graph data model
• URI-based vocabulary
• Datatypes
• Literals
• XML serialization syntax
• Expression of simple facts
• Entailment

quot; Three captain, One ship. quot;

Commander Lock

RDF Triples
• RDF Triples contains 3 components:
– Subject
– Predicate
– Object
• Graph Data Model

Predicate
Subject Object

quot; When I see 3 objectives,
3 captains, 3 ships …
I do not coincidence.
I see providence.
I see purpose. quot;

Morpheus

3 objectives,
3 captains, 3 ships

RDF/XML Describing
Eric Miller
• Example RDF/XML from RDF primer
<?xml version=quot;1.0quot;?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf=quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#quot;
xmlns:contact=quot;http://www.w3.org/2000/10/
swap/pim/contact#quot;>
<contact:Person rdf:about=quot;http://www.w3.org/
People/EM/contact#mequot;>
<contact:fullName>Eric Miller</contact:fullName>
<contact:mailbox rdf:resource=quot;mailto:em@w3.orgquot;/>
<contact:personalTitle>Dr.</contact:personalTitle>
</contact:Person>

</rdf:RDF>

An RDF Graph Describing
Eric Miller
• Example RDF/XML from RDF primer

IsaViz
• A Visual Authoring Tool for RDF
• RDF/XML, Notation 3 and N-Triple
import
• implemented in Java
• includes software developed by:
– HP Labs (Jena 2 Semantic Web Toolkit)
– The Apache Software Foundation
(Xerces Java 2)

quot; You see?
It’s like wiping your ass
with silk.
I love it.quot;
Merovingian

RDF Vocabularies
• defines a vocabulary.
– semantic extension of RDF
• Dublin Core
• FOAF - Friend of a Friend
• Creative Commons License
• Composite Capabilities /
Preferences Profile (CC/PP)
• RSS

quot; No, it is a word.
What matters is the
connection the word
implies. quot;

Rama

RDF Helps Make the Web
More Functional
quot; RDF has a general-purpose design and
we are pleased that it is already being
applied in areas we did not originally
anticipate. Sophisticated applications of
RDF may combine metadata about the
same object supplied by more than one
party on the Web, selecting the optimal
source for specific properties and
merging the sources' expertise. quot;
-- Bob Schloss, IBM, W3C RDF Working Group
co-chair

quot; It’s not over. quot;

Smith

Starring
• Tim Berners-Lee, W3C.
– In 1989, he proposed a global hypertext project, to
be known as the World Wide Web. Based on the
earlier quot;Enquirequot; work, it was designed to allow
people to work together by combining their
knowledge in a web of hypertext documents. He
wrote the first World Wide Web server, quot;httpdquot;, and
the first client, quot;WorldWideWebquot; a what-you-see-is-
what-you-get hypertext browser/editor which ran in
the NeXTStep environment. This work was started in
October 1990, and the program quot;WorldWideWebquot;
first made available within CERN in December, and
on the Internet at large in the summer of 1991.

The Semantic Web
quot;The Semantic Web is an extension
of the current web in which
information is given well-defined
meaning, better enabling
computers and people to work in
cooperation.quot;
-- Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler,
Ora Lassila, The Semantic Web,
Scientific American, May 2001

The Semantic Web
quot; The Semantic Web will bring structure
to the meaningful content of Web pages,
creating an environment where
software agents roaming from page to
page can readily carry out sophisticated
tasks for users. Such an agent coming
to the clinic's Web page will know not
just that the page has keywords such
as quot;treatment, medicine, physical,
therapyquot; (as might be encoded today) quot;

The Semantic Web
quot; … but also that Dr. Hartman works at
this clinic on Mondays, Wednesdays and
Fridays and that the script takes a date
range in yyyy-mm-dd format and
returns appointment times.quot;
-- Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler,
Ora Lassila, The Semantic Web,
Scientific American, May 2001

quot; There. Those mountains.
That’s it. quot;

Neo

Appendix

Bibliography and more…

Specification
• RDF Site Summary (RSS) 1.0
– http://web.resource.org/rss/1.0/spec

(RDF)
– http://www.w3.org/RDF/

• Semantic Web
– http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/

Bibliography
• Practical RDF
– Shelley Powers
– ISBN:0-596-00263-7
• Content Syndication With RSS
– Ben Hammersley
– ISBN:0-596-00383-8

Bibliography
• Movable Typeで今すぐできるウェブログ
入門
– 平田大治
– ISBN:4-844-31812-8
• 結城浩のWiki入門
– 結城浩
– ISBN:4-844-31915-9

Philosophy
• EXISTENTIAL PHENOMENOLOGY
AND THE BRAVE NEW WORLD OF
THE MATRIX
– HUBERT DREYFUS & STEPHEN
DREYFUS
– http://whatisthematrix.warnerbros.com/

• PHILOSOPHY AND THE MATRIX
– http://whatisthematrix.warnerbros.com/rl_cm
p/phi.html

Article
• The Web KANZAKI
– Masahide Kanzaki
– http://kanzaki.com/docs/sw/rss.html

• Brave New World
– Shelley Powers
– http://burningbird.net/articles/

• Rebirth
– Kent Beck
– http://www.tech-arts.co.jp/xp/Rebirth.pdf

Article
• The Semantic Web
– http://www-
sop.inria.fr/acacia/personnel/Fabien.Gandon/l
ecture/licence_travaux_etude2002/TheSeman
ticWeb/
– Scientific American: Feature Article:
The Semantic Web: May 2001
– Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, Ora
Lassila

Software
• Movable Type
– http://www.movabletype.org/

• TypePad
– http://www.typepad.com/

• Blogger
– http://www.blogger.com/

• YukiWiki
– http://www.hyuki.com/yukiwiki/

Software
• AmphetaDesk
– http://www.disobey.com/amphetadesk/

• RabbitTicker
– http://www.work-at.co.jp/rabbit/index.html

• Feedreader
– http://www.feedreader.com/

• Mozilla Firefox
– http://www.mozilla.org/products/firefox/

Software
• Opera
– http://www.opera.com/

• Informa
– http://informa.sourceforge.net/

• IsaViz
– http://www.w3.org/2001/11/IsaViz/

Hardware
• iPod photo
– http://www.apple.com/jp/ipodphoto/
– Apple Computer, Inc.
• iPod photo in color
– http://www.colorwarepc.com/
– ColorWare Inc.

Person
• Tim Berners-Lee
– http://www.w3.org/People/Berners-Lee/

• Dan Brickley
– http://www.w3.org/People/DanBri/

• Eric Miller
– http://www.w3.org/People/EM/

• Ramanathan V. Guha
– http://www.guha.com/cv.html

Person
• Dan Libby
– http://dan.libby.com/

• Dave Winer
– http://dave.editthispage.com/

• Emmanuel Pietriga
– http://www.lri.fr/~pietriga/

• Ora Lassila
– http://www.lassila.org/

Person
• Tim Bray
– http://www.tbray.org/ongoing/

Music
• quot;Imaginequot;
– John Lennon
– http://www.lennon.net/music/imagine.shtml
– ASIN: B00009Y3Q3

• quot;Across The Universequot;
– Beatles
– http://www.thebeatles.com/
– ASIN: B000002UB6

Music
• quot;Dream onquot;
– Aerosmith
– http://www.aerosmith.com/
– ASIN: B0000029AL

• quot;Over the Mountainquot;
– Ozzy Osbourne & Randy Rhoads
– http://www.ozzynet.com/
– ASIN: B000063DIR

Music
• quot;Crazy Trainquot;
– Ozzy Osbourne & Randy Rhoads
– http://www.ozzynet.com/
– ASIN: B000063DFT

Series
• Reloaded
– テスト駆動開発とツール
– Test Driven Development and Tools
– http://www.ctc-
g.co.jp/~cua/cua_t_day/doc/B4.pdf

• Revisited
– Webサービスのクライアントをつくる
– Try to create a client of Web Services
– http://www.ctc-
g.co.jp/~cua/itstudy/0910_img/Revisited.pdf

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