Presentation given in FCG Finnish Consulting Group Oy seminar called "Asumispäivä"in Helsinki Congress Paasitorni 13.2.2013.

1. RESIDENT-ORIENTED SOLUTIONS
AND OTHER DEVELOPMENT
PROSPECTS FOR HOUSING
HELSINKI CONGRESS PAASITORNI
ASUMISPÄIVÄ 13.2.2013
SINI KOTILAINEN

2. TECHNOLOGY-CENTRED
PRODUCER’S MARKET
RESIDENT-ORIENTED
LIVING ENVIRONMENT
PROMOTING INDIVIDUAL WELLBEING?

3. physicality
consciousness
situationality
THE HOLISTIC CONCEPTION OF MAN
BY LAURI RAUHALA
Rauhala 1977.

4. NO
CHALLENGES !
FOR FUTURE
RESIDENTS!

5. FINNISH HOUSING DESIGN:
FULL OF MEASURABLE GOALS
STANDARDS
NORMS
LAWS DECREES
REGULATIONS
RECOMMENDATIONS
QUALIFICATION
SYSTEMS
Our housing production is squeezed through a dense
national sieve of norms.
Puustinen 2010, 328.
EVEN
QUALITY
SIMILARITY
“Finnish norm control leads to the blind implementation of the
norms and thus often even to impractical solutions”.
Krokfors 2011, 36.

6. FUTURE OF HOUSING
WHY Highlighting social background
and non-measurable goals

7. EVEN THOUGH IT’S “BOTH…AND” -TIME
social wellbeing and
malaise
technological development and
return of humanity
poverty and
prosperity
sustainable development and
ever increasing emissions
specialization and management of the
bigger picture
individuality and
sense of community
competition and
cooperation

8. WHAT
WHY Highlighting social background
and non-measurable goals
Presenting simple
typology tools
FUTURE OF HOUSING

9. WHY
WHAT
HOW
Highlighting social background
and non-measurable goals
Presenting simple
typology tools
Illuminating the typological
theme with an example
FUTURE OF HOUSING

10. THE EVOLUTIONARY VIEW OF
THE MAJOR WAVES OF DEVELOPMENT
PRESENT
AGRARIAN ERA 6000–7000
YEARS
INDUSTRIAL ERA 250
YEARS
INFORMATION SOCIETY
50 YEARS
BIOSOCIETY
25 YEARS
FUSION SOCIETY
?? YEARS
GLOBALISATION
GDB
COMPLEXITY PACE
OF CHANGE
Mannermaa 2006,
6000 e.a.a. 1600 19001700 20001800 2025 2050

11. Kaivo-oja et al. 2007.
agricultural
societyA
B agricultural
society industrialization
revolution
30-40 years
post-industrial
revolution
? years
industrial
society
industrial
society
post-industrial
society
interaction
society
REVOLUTIONARY THINKING
the possibilities for
future innovations!

12. NEED FOR SOCIALLY SUSTAINABLE LIVING
DIFFERENTIATION WILL GAIN APPRECIATION
DIFFERENCES INTHE LEVEL OF
INCOME ARE GROWING
PROSPERITY
might lead to a limited choice for people with low income.
Juntto 2008, 10.
In Finland, differences in living have traditionally been minor, but....
?

14. factory
MASS CUSTOMIZATION
gives residents
decision-making
power over choices
concerning their living.
(resident-orientation)
resident
responds to
the challenges
presented by the
shorter life cycle
of lifestyles.
(customization)
produces more
variation with
reduced costs.
(efficiency)
Mass customization requires deep knowledge of what factors create
actual added value to residents and which factors only increase the
costs of living and acquisitions.
Only limited ability to meet individual needs!

16. OVER THE LIMITS!

17. CHANGES IN LIVING
ENVIRONMENTS REQUIRED
EU GHG emissions towards an 80% domestic reduction (100% =1990)
Europan comission memo 2011, 5-8.
CURRENTPOLICY
POWERSECTOR
RESIDENTAL
/TERTIARY
INDUSTRY
TRANSPORT
NONCO2
AGRICULTURE
NONCO2OTHER

18. Why we measure mainly energy consumption per cubic meter as the
FLEXIBILITY IN THE LIVING ENVIRONMENT
ENERGY
REGULATIONS
ENERGY
EFFICIENCY
TYPOLOGICAL
FLEXIBILITY
Average residential area (m2
) of apartments
new construction
Statistics Finland

19. FLEXIBLEINFILLDEVELOPMENTGIVES
VERSATILITYTOLIVINGALTERNATIVES
New building construction in relation to the existing building stock
Vainio et al. 2012, 27.

21. DIVISIBLELARGESPACE
SUPPORT
(BASEBUILDING)
SUPPORT
+INFILL

22. “OPENBUILDING”
INFILLSUPPORT
(BASEBUILDING)
URBAN
TISSUE
CITY
STRUCTURE
In open building the built environment is approached as a
constantly changing product engendered by human action, with the
central features of the environment resulting from
decisions made at various levels.
Open building aims at a situation where decisions made on upper
levels leave the contents of decisions made at lower levels open.

23. TALLI ARCHITECTS
THE TILA HOUSING BLOCK, HELSINKI
2008-2010

24. pictures source: Palm 2009.!

25. SPACESTRUCTUREBASEDONROOMCELLS
MULTI-PURPOSESPACES

28. TECHNICALCONVERSIONFLEXIBILITY
MOVING PART
WITHINTHE SPACE
FOLDABLE
WALL
SWING DOOR
TRANSFERRABLE /
FIXTURE WALL

32. EDUARDO SOUTO DE MOURA
APARTMENTS MAIA, PORTUGAL
2001

34. THE AMOUNT OF NEW HOUSING
CONSTRUCTION
Vainio ym. 2012, 12.
VTT:n julkaisu:Asuntotuotanto 2030

35. A study byVTT (2012) suggests that about
half a million new apartments need to be
built in Finland by the year 2030.
Two-thirds (67%) of the housing built
between 2012 and 2030 should be built
in Helsinki,Tampere ,Turku, Lahti, Jyväskylä
Oulu areas.
Vainio ym. 2012, 12 20, 29.
Placement for housing production 2012-2030
< 1
1,0-2,5
2,5-4,5
> 4,5
VTT 2012
IN THE BACKGROUND:
URBANIZATION

36. ...BUT STILL DISPERSION
Continuous movement and
multi-sited living enable the realization of
contradicting wishes in terms of living.
not have to focus itself in one area to
the extent jobs do:
commuting shapes living.
Commuters share (%) of employed by municipality
8,4-21,5
21,6-30,2
30,3-40,6
40,7-57,2
57,23-90,0
Employment Statistics 2009
Statistics Finland

38. APPEAL OF URBAN LIVING
According to various studies, the majority of
Finnish people want to live in small houses.
Esim. Juntto 2007.
being
”Natural environment” the second most
important factor of comfortable living.
Asukasbarometri survey 2011, 21-22.
functional possibilities
levels of hierarchies
a sense of belonging between
the place and the resident
the possibility to
personalize space
restorative
environments
the quality of home?
usability territories

41. LAN ARCHITECTURE
72 COLLECTIVE HOUSING UNITS, BORDEAUX
TO BE COMPLETED IN 2012
Dezeen

44. BJARKE INGELS GROUP & collaboratives JDS/JULIEN DE SMEDT ARCHITECTS
MOUNTAIN DWELLINGS, COPENHAGEN
2008
Archdaily

46. NEUTELING RIEDIJK ARCHITECTS
LAKE SIDE HOUSING, HUIZEN
2003
Broto 2011, 204.
neutelings-riedijk.com

48. MOSHE SAFDIE
HABITAT 67, MONTREAL
1967
habitat67.com
mcgill.ca

50. MVRDV
CELOSIA RESIDENCE, MADRID
COMPLETION 2009
Ferre, Salij 2010, 278.

51. MVRDV
CELOSIA RESIDENCE, MADRID
COMPLETION 2009
Ferre, Salij 2010, 278.

53. DEATH
/ BIRTH
INDEPENDENCE
CHILDHOOD
CAREER
BEGINS
FOUND
A FAMILY
CHILDREN
INDEPENDENCE
RETIREMENT
3RD AGE
DECLINING OF
PHYSICAL
STRENGTH
OUR LIFES BECOMES FRAGMENTED
Kukko 2006.

54. OLDER PEOPLE SHARE OF THE FINNISH
POPULATION FROM 2010 TO 2040
The Ministry of Employment 2010, 53.
(OVER
65 YEARS)
2010 2020 2040
80
70-80
60-70
50-60
-50

55. CLOSER INTERACTION BETWEEN
DIFFERENT GENERATIONS NEEDED
According to a report by the Ministry of the Environment (2005), a
common wish among the elderly in terms of living is to live at home.
The physical connection between
generations was broken in many places
as a result of the 1970s mass migration.
However, the children of these 1970s
families have often remained in the
same area where they spent their
childhood.Therefore the future senior
posterity living in the same region or
town as their parents.
Mikkola and Rasila 18, 2006.

56. THE SIZE OF HOUSEHOLDS DECREASES –
THE NUMBER INCREASES
Vainio et al 2012.
LIVING ALONE
2 ADULT FAMILIES
FAMILIES WITH CHILDREN
Backround information: example Kukko 2006.

58. Dwellings and housing
conditions Statistics 2010
Statistics Finland
LIVING ALONE REQUIRES A LOT OF SPACE
The average residental area (m2
) per person per household unit size.
LIVING ALONE
2 RESIDENTS IN AN APARTMENT
3 RESIDENTS IN AN APARTMENT
4 RESIDENTS IN AN APARTMENT
5 RESIDENTS IN AN APARTMENT

59. Leisure time increases......and splinters!LEASURE WORK
Ylikännö 2011, 19.
Hautamäki 1996.
TIME MANAGEMENT CHANGE

60. EXTENDABLE AND CONTRACTIBLE
HOUSING UNITS

66. TEMPORARY USE
OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT
Cities can turn this phenomenon into an asset of development especially
now that the phenomenon can be counteracted with movable and
temporary building solutions...
permanent
building
permanent
building
event
event
TEMPORARY
USE
Rönkä et al 2011.
Lehtovuori, Ruoppila 2011.
NEED FOR MORE
DENSE FINNISH
CITIES
RENOVATIONS IN
FINNISH RESIDENTIAL
BUILDINGS
FINNISH AREAS
FREED OF EARLIER
USE

68. TEMPOHOUSING
KEETWONEN - STUDENT HOUSING, AMSTERDAM
2005
Rönka ym. 2011 19.

70. THE ZONING OF PRIVATE,
QUASI-PUBLIC AND PUBLIC SPACES
The design solutions of physical environment can affect the creation
of so-called weak social bonds (acquaintances without any obligation
to reciprocity, without norms or the loss of privacy).
SPONTANEOUSTIME
SPENTTOGETHER
INTERACTION OCCURRING
ALONGSIDE OTHER ACTIONS, IN
EVERYDAY SITUATIONS
Hasu 2009.