1. OUR PLANET EARTH
SOCIAL STUDIES PROJECT

2. EARTH
Earth sometimes referred to as the "Blue
Marble", Terra or "Gaia", is the third-
closest planet to the Sun, the densest planet in
the Solar System, the largest of the Solar
System's four terrestrial planets and the
only celestial body known to accommodate life.

3. It is home to millions of species, including
a global population of humans, that are supported
and nourished by its biosphere and minerals. The
human population is grouped into around two-
hundred independent sovereign states that
interact, among other means, through diplomacy,
conflict, travel, trade and media.

5. REALMS OF THE EARTH
The Earth’s Surface Consists Of Both land and
water. A blanket of air surrounds the earth. It is
inhabited by living organisms, plants and
animals. All these elements- land, air, water and
living organisms, make up the Constituents or
Realms of the Earth.

6. There are four realms of the Earth:
-Lithosphere
-Hydrosphere
-Atmosphere
-Biosphere

8. LITHOSPHERE
The lithosphere is the rigid outermost shell of a
rocky planet defined on the basis of the
mechanical properties. On Earth, it comprises
the crust and the portion of the upper mantle that
behaves elastically on time scales of thousands
of years or greater. The outermost shell of a
rocky planet defined on the basis of the
chemistry and mineralogy is a crust.

10. HYDROSPHERE
The hydrosphere in physical geography describes
the combined mass of water found on, under, and
over the surface of a planet. This includes water in
liquid and frozen forms in ground waters, glaciers,
oceans, lakes and streams. Salina water account for
97.5% of this amount. Fresh water accounts for only
2.5%. Of this fresh water 68.7% is in the "form of
ice and permanent snow cover in the Arctic, the
Antarctic, and in the mountainous regions.

12. ATMOSPHERE
Atmosphere is a layer of gases surrounding a planet or
other material body of sufficient mass that is held in
place by the gravity of the body. An atmosphere is more
likely to be retained if the gravity is high and the
atmosphere's temperature is low.
Earth's atmosphere, which is mostly nitrogen, also
contains oxygen used by
most organisms for respiration and carbon dioxide used
by plants, algae and cyanobacteria for photosynthesis,
also protects living organisms from genetic damage
by solar ultraviolet radiation.

14. BIOSPHERE
The biosphere is the global sum of all
ecosystems. It can also be termed the zone
of life on Earth, a closed system, and largely
self-regulating. By the most, general bio
physiological definition, the biosphere is the
global ecological system integrating all living
beings and their relationships, including their
interaction with the elements of
the lithosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere.

16. EARTH’S FORMATION
The Earth is made up of three layers:
-CRUST
-MANTLE
-OUTER CORE
-INNER CORE

18. CRUST
The crust is the outermost solid shell of a
rocky planet or natural satellite, which is
chemically distinct from the underlying mantle.
The crusts of Earth,
the Moon, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Io, and other
planetary bodies have been generated largely
by igneous processes, and these crusts are richer
inincompatible elements than their
respective mantles.

20. MANTLE
The mantle is a part of a terrestrial planet or other
rocky body large enough to have differentiation by
density. The interior of Earth, similar to the other
terrestrial planets, is chemically divided into layers.
The mantle is a layer between the crust and
the outer core. Earth's mantle is a silicate rocky shell
about 2,900 kilometers (1,800 mi) thick that
constitutes about 84% of Earth's volume. It is
predominantly solid but in geological time it
behaves like very viscous liquid. The mantle
encloses the hot core rich in iron and nickel, which
occupies about 15% of Earth's volume.

22. OUTER CORE
Earth's outer core is a liquid layer about
2,266 km (1,408 mi) thick composed
of iron and nickel that lies above Earth's
solid inner core and below its mantle. Its outer
boundary lies 2,890 km (1,800 mi) beneath
Earth's surface. The transition between the inner
core and outer core is located approximately
5,150 km (3,200 mi) beneath Earth's surface.

24. INNER CORE
Earth's inner core is Earth's innermost part and
is a primarily solid ball with a radius of about
1,220 km (760 mi), according to seismological
studies. (This is about 70% of the Moon's
radius.) It is believed to consist primarily of
an iron–nickel alloy and to be approximately the
same temperature as the surface of theSun:
approximately 5700 K (5430 °C).

26. EARTH’S SURFACE
The Earth’s surface is divided into two parts:
-WATER
-LAND

28. WATER
Water covers 71% of the Earth's surface. It is vital for all known
forms of life. On Earth, 96.5% of the planet's water is found in
seas and oceans, 1.7% in groundwater, 1.7% in glaciers and the
ice caps of Antarctica and Greenland, a small fraction in other
large water bodies, and 0.001% in
the air as vapor, clouds (formed of solid and liquid water particles
suspended in air), and precipitation. Only 2.5% of the Earth's
water is freshwater, and 98.8% of that water is in ice
and groundwater. Less than 0.3% of all freshwater is in rivers,
lakes, and the atmosphere, and an even smaller amount of the
Earth's freshwater (0.003%) is contained within biological bodies
and manufactured products.

30. LAND
Land is the solid surface of the Earth that is not
permanently covered by water. The vast majority of
human activity occurs in land areas that
support agriculture, habitat, and various natural
resources.
Some life forms including terrestrial
plants and terrestrial animals have developed from
predecessor species that lived in bodies of water to exist
on land.

32. DONE BY :
NABA NAUSHAD KHAN