2.  Each woman faced the decision to either challenge or
accommodate the traditional role of women.
 Matilda Bradley Carse
 Alice Austen
 Ani DeFranco
 Marilyn Monroe

3. Matilda Bradley Carse
 Born September 19, 1835
 Time Period she was active: Gilded Age
(mid 1860s to early 1900s)

4. Women and the Gilded Age
 Known for political involvement during campaigns
and elections
 Began to take action in prohibition

5. Matilda’s Many Involvements
 WCTU (Women’s Christian Temperance Union)
 WTPA (Women’s Temperance Publishing Association)
 Temperance Temple

6. Matilda and the WCTU
 She was the president of the Chicago chapter of
the WCTU
 Sponsored activities that took place in the WCTU
 Was capable of providing economic aid to the
WCTU through various fund raisers she put
together.
 Created social reforms to aid the Chicago Slums

7. Logo of the WCTU

8. Matilda and the WTPA
 She founded the association, this published a
weekly newspaper called “The Signal”.
 This association published books and articles that
were in favor of the WCTU and the temperance
movement.
 She provided employment for many women.
 Wrote various articles herself.
 Overall a success as a businesswomen.

9. Matilda and the Temperance
Temple
 Her last project
 Meant to provide funds for the WCTU
 Never fully developed
 Considered a failure
 Matilda died shortly after in 1917

10. Alice Austen

11. Alice Austen
 Austen was born in
1866 in Staten Island,
NY
 She began taking
photographs at age 10

12. Alice Austen:
The Victorian Age The Victorian Age lasted
from the year 1837 to 1901
 Leisure activities became
very popular including
bicycling, tennis, and
traveling

13. Photos by Alice Austen of friends
cycling, practicing gymnastics and
goofing around

14. Alice Austen:
The Victorian Age
 Women were expected to
marry early and create
happy, comfortable
homes for their families
 However, Austen never
married, but instead
formed strong bonds
with other women, a
practice that received
much negative attention
during the time period

15. “Julia Martin, Julia Bredt and Self
Dressed Up as Men” 1891
“Darned Club” 1891

16. A Victorian Age Photographer Aside from capturing
upper-middle class life,
Austen also photographed
those at the bottom of
society
 The Victorian Era saw a
large influx of immigrants
into the country especially
into large cities such as
New York where Austen
lived

17. Below: “Hester Street,
Egg Stand Group”
1895
A perfect example of lower class
life in New York City

18. Life for most 19th century
immigrants in New York was
all about work, including
young children, like the ones
below

19. Alice Austen:
A woman Before her time
 -One of the first female
photographers in a male
dominated sphere
 -Did not marry or have
children
 -Spent her life with a
female companion
 -Photographed the world
as she saw it, both the
good and the bad

20. Ani DiFranco (1970- )

21. “I think it’s really important for people to tell their story, so I want to be as frank as
possible… It’s especially important for women, because the dominant history is male.”
–Ani Difranco
 Born in Buffalo, New York on September
23, 1970 as Angela Maria DiFranco.
 Age 9- She began to learn and play
guitar.
 Age 11- Parents divorced
 Age 15- Declared herself an
emancipated minor.
 Graduates high school in three years
leading her to pursue a career in music.
 Age 19- Starts her own record label:
Righteous Babe Records

22. Significance
 She is a business woman,
musician and political
activist.
 Independent Folk artist
[18 albums and
numerous Grammy
nominations]
 Has won a Grammy, a
Woman of Courage, and
numerous awards for her
outstanding work

23. Challenging traditional role of
women
 Propaganda via
Righteous Babe Records
 Her popularity is mostly explained because she is
outspoken about her business and ideals...
 Most of her songs deal with politics, racism, sexism, sexual
abuse, homophobia, reproductive rights, poverty, and war.

24. Challenging the Status Quo
 In the early 1990s, created
Righteous Babe Records and
began to release music
 As the music turned larger
many began to follow in her
footsteps. [like Madonna]
 Many in the music industry
began to be like-minded and
started their own business
and revel in the complete
artistic freedom.
 She began something and
others have followed.

25. March for Women's Lives
April 25, 2004- Washington, D.C
Ani singing and playing guitar for the audience “My body is all that I
own”

26. On her own…
 Folk music: writes, plays
and produces her music
 Contributes to the feminist
movement just like many
influential women do
 Works for what she
believes is right and gets
recognized for her
individual hard work
 Understands the meaning
of DIY and informs others
of it.

27. Ani in the end...
 Independent folk artist
who speaks out about
politics, feminism and
other touchy subjects to
get the word out.
 Does what she does
because it makes her
happy
“I was able to quit my day
job and devote myself to
what I love.”

28. Marilyn
Monroe

29.  Born in Los Angeles on
June 1, 1926
 Spent most of her
childhood in and out of
orphanages before getting
married at age 16

30. Changing to fit in
 In 1945 Marilyn started
her modeling career, and
began bleaching her hair
blonde due to the agency
wanting a model with
lighter hair.
 As a model she took
whatever jobs her
modeling agency offered to
her was on the cover of
many magazines including
Playboy in 1953.

31. Changing her name
 In 1947 it was suggested
by a head of a movie
studio that Monroe
should change her name
from her original name
Norma Jean Baker to
Marilyn Monroe.

32. Films
 In films such as Don’t
Bother to Knock,
Gentlemen Prefer
Blondes, and How to
Marry A Millionaire
Monroe became known
for playing the ditzy
dumb blonde characters.

33. Marriage
 During the 1950’s women were supposed to get
married and start a family.
 Marilyn Monroe was married three times:
 James Dougherty, 1942-1946
 Joe DiMaggio, 1954
 Arthur Miller, 1956-1961
Marilyn and Joe DiMaggio

34. Death Despite all of the glamour that
Marilyn was surrounded by, she
had become dependant on anti-
depressants.
 Marilyn Monroe died on August
5, 1962 of an overdose which was
also considered to be a probable
suicide in her home in Los
Angeles.

35. Going with the status quo Marilyn Monroe went
along with what others
wanted her to be and was
never completely happy.
 While she was a famous
actress, she was mostly
known for being a sex
symbol.

36.  While some women have gone along with what others
have wanted them to be many have chosen to go
against it and still be as successful and in some cases
happier than those who followed the traditional role of
women.