1. MENTAL MODELS Fieldbook 4 By Kevin McLogan www.kevinmclogan.com

4. Understanding the Bias of Mental Models “ At the turn of the 15th century, prevailing wisdom said the earth was flat and, if you sailed too far to the west, you’d fall off the face of the earth. For the average person of the era, there was nothing wrong with this assumption. Most people never journeyed more than 20 miles from their homes, so whether the earth was flat or round didn’t matter.” Donna Fitzgerald, How to understand the bias of mental models Except…this is a function of a 19 th and 20 th century Mental Model! “ In truth, few people on both sides of the Atlantic believed in 1492 that the world was flat.” James Loewen, Lies My Teacher Told Me p.46

5. How do we imagine the world around us?

7. The Ladder of Inference The Fifth Discipline Fieldbook p. 243

14. adapted from Robert Hargrove’s Masterful Coaching (1995), Jossey-Bass Low Advocacy/Low Inquiry < Silent withdrawal < Not revealing your views nor questioning other’s views High Advocacy/Low Inquiry < Advocating your view but not inquiring into other’s views “What we’ve got to do is enforce these rules!” Low Advocacy/High Inquiry < Asking questions but not revealing your views “What costs do you have in mind?” High Advocacy/High Inquiry < Communicate: conclusions, data you select, steps in your reasoning < Inquire to discover steps and gaps in one another’s reasoning Balancing Advocacy with Inquiry

15. Advocacy/Inquiry Matrix http://www.thepracticeofleadership.net/wp-content/uploads/2008/05/windowslivewritergoodleadersbalanceadvocacyandinquiry-1386badvocacyandinquiry1.png

22. Thank you!