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Virtuell Egendom & The Commons
Egendom "Life, liberty, and property do not exist because men have made laws. On the contrary, it was the fact that life, liberty, and property existed beforehand that caused men to make laws in the first place." (Frédéric Bastiat (1801-1850), The Law)
Egendom Privat terra nullius Allmän Borttappat & övergiven Knippe av rättigheter  (bundle of rights)
16 KAP. HURU ALLMÄNNINGAR NYTTJAS MÅ ,[object Object],Byggningabalk (1736:0123)
TRAGEDY OF THE COMMONS
[object Object],[object Object],ÄGANDE, EN RÄTTIGHET?
LOCKE ,[object Object],[object Object],Människan äger sin kropp - därför äger hon frukten av sitt arbete
LAGOM… LOCKE ,[object Object]
IMMATERIALRÄTT ,[object Object]
TVÅ FRÅGOR… ,[object Object],[object Object]
1. DIFFERENT KIND OF LABOR ,[object Object]
2. MIXING WHAT? ,[object Object]
INFORMATION COMMONS ,[object Object],[object Object]
COMMONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PROBLEMET ÄR…? ,[object Object]
Excludable  Non-excludable Rivalrous Non-rivalrous En vara/tjänst är excludable när det är möjligt att förhindra de som inte betalar från att utnyttja varan/tjänsten. En vara/tjänst är  Rivalrous  när någons användning förhindrar andras användning Mat, kläder, bildar Vatten, fiskerättigheter satellit tv Luft, en utsikt
Att äga text ,[object Object]
WHEREAS PRINTERS, BOOKSELLERS, AND OTHER PERSONS, HAVE OF LATE FREQUENTLY TAKEN THE LIBERTY OF PRINTING, REPRINTING, AND PUBLISHING, OR CAUSING TO BE PRINTED, REPRINTED, AND PUBLISHED BOOKS, AND OTHER WRITINGS, WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF THE AUTHORS OR PROPRIETORS OF SUCH BOOKS AND WRITINGS, TO THEIR VERY GREAT DETRIMENT, AND TOO OFTEN TO THE RUIN OF THEM AND THEIR FAMILIES: FOR PREVENTING THEREFORE SUCH PRACTICES FOR THE FUTURE, AND FOR THE ENCOURAGEMENT OF LEARNED MEN TO COMPOSE AND WRITE USEFUL BOOKS;  ,[object Object]
 
THE ARCHDEACON GAZED AT THE GIGANTIC EDIFICE FOR SOME TIME IN SILENCE, THEN EXTENDING HIS RIGHT HAND, WITH A SIGH, TOWARDS THE PRINTED BOOK WHICH LAY OPEN ON THE TABLE, AND HIS LEFT TOWARDS NOTRE-DAME, AND TURNING A SAD GLANCE FROM THE BOOK TO THE CHURCH,--"ALAS," HE SAID, "THIS WILL KILL THAT." ,[object Object]
LAG OM ÄGANDERÄTT TILL SKRIFT (1877) ,[object Object]
Upphovsrätten bygger på en utilitaristisk balans…
Det upphovsrättsliga systemet Lag (1960) om upphovsrätt till litterära  och konstnärliga verk UPPHOVSRÄTTEN Ekonomisk rätt Ideell rätt Exemplarframställning Tillgängliggörande   Spridningsrätt Visningsrätt Framföranderätt Rätt till namnangivelse Skydd för kränkande ändring Skydd för kränkande användning Överföring till allmänheten
Vad skyddas? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],UTMÄRKANDE
SKYDDSTID ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ÄNTLIGEN  OSCAR! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Minnets utveckling över 5000 år… Lagrings & kopieringskostnader går mot 0
 
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
ÖVERVAKNING & KONTROLL
DIGITALISERING
TRE OTROLIGT DÅLIGA  IDÉER …   … SOM FUNKADE!
 
STALLMAN BEVISADE EMPIRISKT ATT EKONOMISK ERSÄTTNING INTE VAR EN FÖRUTSÄTTNING FÖR SKAPANDE… ,[object Object]
 
WALES BEVISADE ATT STALLMANS IDÉER KUNDE SKALAS UPP OCH SLÄPPA IN FLERA ICKE-SPECIALIST GRUPPER ,[object Object]
 
LESSIG VILLE HJÄLPA SKAPARE ATT DELA MED SIG AV SITT MATERIAL UTAN ATT FÖRLORA KONTROLLEN ,[object Object]
Creative Commons
Licenssystem
Alternativ
ANVÄNDNING
Flickr 28/01 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Frost tram tracks by Eva the Weaver  cc by nc sa
Blå staden Foto: klang & Eva the Weaver
HISTORIK 2001   2002   2003   2004   2005   2007 2006 2008   CC  grundad! 1 mil . licenser 4.7 mil .  CC licens verk! 20 mil . 90 mill! 50 mill! 130 mill!
PATENT ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
MOORE V. REGENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA
VARUMÄRKE ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
TACK!

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Virtuell Egendom & The Commons