2. Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the
lungs. The fluid accumulate in the
interstitial spaces or in the alveoli.

3. Anxiety and restless
Feeling of suffocation
Pale skin
Distended neck veins
Noisy breathing

4. Auscultation the lung fields
Chest x-ray

5. Oxygen therapy
Morphine
Diuretics
Dobutamine
Milrinone
Nesiritide

6. Positioning the patient to promote
circulation
Providing psychological support
Monitoring medications

8. Occurs when the heart cannot pump
enough blood to supply the amount of
oxygen needed by the tissues

9. Hypoxia
Low BP
Rapid and weak pulse
Cold and clammy skin
Increased respiratory crackles
Decreased urinary output

10. Pulmonary Artery Catheter

11. Vasodilators
Diuretics
Inotropic medications
Intra- aortic balloon pump (IABP)

12. Observe the cardiac rhythm
Monitor hemodynamic parameters
Record fluid intake and urinary output