This study guide is intended to provide those pursuing the CCNA certification with a framework of what concepts need to be studied. This is not a comprehensive document containing all the secrets of the CCNP nor is it a “braindump” of questions and answers.
I sincerely hope that this document provides some assistance and clarity in your studies.
2. Encapsulation
PPP
• Point to Point
Protocol
• Open Standard
HDLC
• High level Data link
Control
• Vendor proprietary
Protocol (works with
Protocol (works with
same and different
same company Router
company Routers i.e.
only, i.e. Cisco-Cisco,
Cisco–Nortel, Cisco–
Nortel-Nortel, etc.)
Multicom.
• Supports
Authentication
• Supports Compression
• No Support for
Authentication
• No Support for
Compression
2
3. Device Classification
DCE
• Data Communication
Equipment
• Generate clocking
(i.e. Speed).
DTE
• Data Termination
Equipment
• Accept clocking
(i.e. Speed).
• Master
• Slave
• Example of DCE device in
• Example of DTE device in
Leased line setup : V.35 &
Leased line setup : Router
G.703 Modem & Exchange
(Modem & MUX)
• Example of DCE device in
Dial up setup : Dialup
• Example of DTE device in
Dial up setup : Computer
Modem
3
5. Lab Setup
Wan Representation
S0
HYD
S1
CHE
• A Back to Back Cable is used which emulates the
copper wire, modems and MUX , the complete
exchange setup.
• Without DCE & DTE device communication is not
possible.
5
7. Lab Setup
DCE Interface
DTE Interface
S0
HYD
S1
CHE
• Can 2 DTE devices communicate?
Answer : No
For Lab Setup : convert one Router to act as a DCE
device.
The cable will have a DCE end and a DTE end
• To check : Look for the label on the cable
• The DCE end of the cable connected to the router’s
interface should be made as DCE by giving a
CLOCKRATE command in the interface mode.
7
8. 10.0.0.1/8
S0
HYD
11.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
10.0.0.2/8
CHE
E0
192.168.1.150/24
LAN - 192.168.1.0/24
17.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
11.0.0.2/8
LAN - 192.168.2.0/24
S0
16.0.0.1/8
JAI
E0
192.168.9.150/24
LAN - 192.168.9.0/24
LAN - 192.168.4.0/24
S0
15.0.0.1/8
LAN - 192.168.10.0/24
SUR
E0
192.168.7.150/24
13.0.0.2/8
S1
S0
14.0.0.1/8
E0
192.168.6.150/24
LAN - 192.168.6.0/24
BOM
E0
192.168.5.150/24
LAN - 192.168.5.0/24
20.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
19.0.0.2/8
E0
192.168.10.150/24
E0
192.168.4.150/24
14.0.0.2/8
S1
19.0.0.1/8
S0
KOL
PUNE
E0
192.168.3.150/24
LAN - 192.168.7.0/24
18.0.0.1/8
S0
S1
18.0.0.2/8
S1
12.0.0.2/8
15.0.0.2/8
S1
LAN - 192.168.8.0/24
DEL
13.0.0.1/8
S0
LAN - 192.168.3.0/24
16.0.0.2/8
S1
AGRA
BAN
E0
192.168.2.150/24
E0
192.168.8.150/24
17.0.0.2/8
S1
12.0.0.1/8
S0
SRI
S1
20.0.0.2/8
GOA
E0
192.168.11.150/24
LAN - 192.168.11.0/24
E0
192.168.12.150/24
8
LAN - 192.168.12.0/24
16. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.1.150
Connecting .....
================================
Configuring Serial interface
Configuring Serial interface
Welcome to Hyderabad Router
Router(config)#interface serial <no>
Router(config)#interface serial <no>
================================
Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>
Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>
User Access Verification
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
password : **** Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Router(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate>
Hyderabad> enable
Router(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate>
password : **** Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}
Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}
Hyderabad# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Hyderabad(config)# interface serial 0
Hyderabad(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Hyderabad(config-if)# no shutdown
Hyderabad(config-if)# clockrate 64000
Hyderabad(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Hyderabad(config-if)# exit
Hyderabad(config)#
16
17. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.2.150
Connecting .....
================================
Configuring Serial interface
Welcome to Chennai RouterConfiguring Serial interface
Router(config)#interface serial <no>
Router(config)#interface serial <no>
================================
Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>
Router(config-if)#ip address <address> <mask>
User Access Verification
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
password : **** Router(config-if)#no shutdown
Chennai> enable Router(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate>
Router(config-if)#clockrate <clock rate>
password : **** Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}
Router(config-if)#encapsulation {ppp|hdlc}
Chennai# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Chennai(config)# interface serial 1
Chennai(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.2 255.0.0.0
Chennai(config-if)# no shutdown
Chennai(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Chennai(config-if)# exit
Chennai(config)#
17
18. Microsoft Windows 2000 [Version 5.00.2195]
(C) Copyright 1985-2000 Microsoft Corp.
C:> telnet 192.168.1.150
Connecting .....
================================
Welcome to Hyderabad Router
================================
User Access Verification
password : ****
Hyderabad> enable
password : ****
Hyderabad# configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Hyderabad(config)# interface serial 0
Hyderabad(config-if)# ip address 10.0.0.1 255.0.0.0
Hyderabad(config-if)# no shutdown
Hyderabad(config-if)# clockrate 64000
Hyderabad(config-if)# encapsulation hdlc
Hyderabad(config-if)# exit
Hyderabad(config)# exit
Hyderabad# show int s0
18
19. Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 10.0.0.1/8
MTU 1500 bytes,BW 1544 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 00:05:29, output 00:00:03, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max
1.Serial0 is up, line protocol is up active/max total)
Serial0 is up, line protocol is up
1. Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Implies, all rate 0 bits/sec, 0 the connectivity are
5 minute output configurations and the connectivity are
Implies, all configurations and packets/sec
997 packets input, 20161 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received 875 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
fine.
fine.
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
899 packets output, 24785 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 132 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
325 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
Hyderabad# show int s0
19
20. Serial0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 10.0.0.1/8
MTU 1500 bytes,BW 1544 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 00:01:27, output 00:01:20, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
2.Serial0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
Serial0 is administratively down, line protocol is down
2. Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
Implies, No rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute outputShut (Layer1 command) has not been
Implies, No Shut (Layer1 command) has not been
995 packets input, 20133 bytes, 0 no buffer
Received the local routers interface.
given on 873 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
given on the local routers interface.
0 input errors, 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
896 packets output, 24163 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 131 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
325 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=down RTS=down CTS=up
Hyderabad# show int s0
20
21. Serial0 is up, line protocol is down
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 10.0.0.1/8
MTU 1500 bytes,BW 1544 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 00:07:56, output 00:00:05, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: up, line protocol is down
3. Serial0 is 0/1000/64/0 (size/max total/threshold/drops)
3. Serial0 is up, line protocol is downactive/max total)
Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Implies Encapsulation or 0 packets/sec
5 minute input rate 0 bits/sec,Clock Rate (Layer2
Implies ,, Encapsulation or Clock Rate (Layer2
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
1028 packets input, 20595 bytes,
no buffer
commands) have not been given or encapsulation on
commands) have not been given0or encapsulation on
Received 906 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input routers are different.
both theerrors, 0are different. 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
the routers CRC, 0 frame,
bothpackets output, 25475 bytes, 0 underruns
917
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 138 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
341 carrier transitions
DCD=up DSR=up DTR=up RTS=up CTS=up
Hyderabad# show int s0
21
22. Serial0 is down, line protocol is down
Hardware is HD64570
Internet address is 10.0.0.1/8
MTU 1500 bytes,BW 1544 Kbit,DLY 20000 usec,rely 255/255,load 1/255
Encapsulation HDLC, loopback not set, keepalive set (10 sec)
Last input 00:12:40, output 00:00:08, output hang never
Last clearing of "show interface" counters never
Input queue: 0/75/0 (size/max/drops); Total output drops: 0
Queueing strategy: weighted fair
Output queue: down, line protocol is total/threshold/drops)
4. Serial0 is 0/1000/64/0 (size/max down
4. Serial0 is down, line protocol is down
Conversations 0/1/256 (active/max active/max total)
Reserved Conversations 0/0 (allocated/max allocated)
Implies No Shut bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
5 minute input rate 0 has not been given on the remote
Implies ,, No Shut has not been given on the remote
5 minute output rate 0 bits/sec, 0 packets/sec
1088 packets input, some problem with the
routers interface or some problem with the physical
routers interface or 21435 bytes, 0 no buffer physical
Received 966 broadcasts, 0 runts, 0 giants, 0 throttles
0 input errors,
connectivity. 0 CRC, 0 frame, 0 overrun, 0 ignored, 0 abort
connectivity.
945 packets output, 26091 bytes, 0 underruns
0 output errors, 0 collisions, 147 interface resets
0 output buffer failures, 0 output buffers swapped out
370 carrier transitions
DCD=down DSR=down DTR=up RTS=up CTS=down
Hyderabad#
22