1. Bratty: Need for an involuntary act
over which the body has no control

2. Must be: something such as a spasm
or convulsion

3. Hill v Baxter: must be a
vol, positive act for liability. Case
where driver got stung by bees

4. Whoolley: must be a vol, positive act
for liability. Case involved someone
sneezing.

5. Act must: be induced by an external
factor

6. Quick: Diabetic who suffered automatism as
a result of taking insulin

7. Defendant must: be incapable of
forming mens rea

8. Successfully raising automatism leads
to acquittal as it is a complete defence.