The document provides notes about eukaryotic cell structures and their functions. It discusses the nucleus, which contains DNA and stores genetic information, and ribosomes, which produce proteins. It also describes the endomembrane system, including the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and lysosomes, and their roles in manufacturing membranes and cell products. Finally, it mentions vacuoles and their roles in storage and waste removal.

1. Biology and Human Concerns
Notes 10-09-09
Exam 4M47 October 19th 6 PM– class same day!
Nucleus => Contains a eukaryotic cell’s genetic library. Part of DNA molecules
Function – to store genetic information
-Nucleoplasm
-Chromatin
-Nucleolus – manufactures ribosomal RNA
Ribosomes => make protein. Rough endoplasmic reticulium
The Endomembrane System => The endoplasmic reticulum manufactures
membranes and performs many other biosynthetic functions.
Smooth endoplasmic reticulium => break molecules down
Rough endoplasmic reticulium => forms network of tubules, vesicles
(Page 60)
Golgi apparatus finishes, sorts and ships cell products. Ex. Factory. Fully
formed proteins leave the Golgi. These proteins either fuse with the cell wall or
become lysosomes.
Lysosomes => intracellular digestive system
-powerful digestive enzymes inside the cell. If escape lysosome,
will destroy the cytoplasm.
-lysosomes have the power to fully destroy the cell when needed.
Ex. Destroying webbing between fingers of fetus.
Vacuole => Diverse functions in cell maintenance
-stores water, sugar, etc
-also stores waste
Size comparison between plant cell and animal cell