Process Philosophy & VR: Foundations of Experiential Design

Process Philosophy & VR:
The Foundations of
Experiential Design
@KentBye

● What is Experience?
○ Philosophical Context for Process
● Experiential Design Framework
○ Quality
○ Story
○ Context
○ Character
● Process Philosophy Primer
● Perception as Process
● Design as Process

Pine II, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1998). Welcome to the experience economy. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from
https://hbr.org/1998/07/welcome-to-the-experience-economy.

Pine II, B. J., & Gilmore, J. H. (1999). Experience economy: Work is theatre & every business a stage. Harvard Business School Press.

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Experience. Merriam-Webster. Retrieved October 19, 2021, from https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/experience.

Experience is a process
that unfolds over time

https://web.archive.org/web/20130420041820/http://www.kateforsyth.com.au/images/Blog%20January%202013/ThreeActStructureFlat.jpg

Wikimedia Foundation. (2021, November 13). Hero's journey. Wikipedia. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero%27s_journey.
Joseph Campbell Hero’s Journey

Aristotle also invokes the relation of following
to explain what he calls ‘the before and after’
(219a 14–19). Some explanation of what it is to
be before or after is obviously needed in any
account of time. In Aristotle's account, this
explanation is of particular importance, as he is
going to define time as ‘a number of change
with respect to the before and after’ (219b
1–2).
Coope, U. (2011). Time for Aristotle: Physics IV. 10-14. (pp. ) Clarendon.

NASA Goddard. (2011, June 15). NASA | Moon phase and libration. YouTube. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3f_21N3wcX8.

Sun's Apparent Path (North). eduMedia. (n.d.). Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://www.edumedia-sciences.com/en/media/679-suns-apparent-path-north

The Earth's orbit around the sun. Earth Space Lab – interactive 3D animations 🌍. (n.d.). Retrieved December 24, 2021, from https://www.earthspacelab.com/app/earth-revolution/

Farsoonerite. (2014, March 8). Venus Pentagram. YouTube. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from .
8 Earth Solar orbits
for every
13 Venus Solar orbits
= 7.995927106 years

Lundy, M., Sutton, D., Ashton, A., Martineau, J. (2010) Quadrivium: The Four Classical Liberal Arts of Number, Geometry, Music, & Cosmology. (pp. 402-404) Walker & Co.
Relational & Spatial Representations of Time

Primas, H. (2017). Knowledge and time. (pp. 6-7) Sprinter International PU.
Chronos vs Kairos Time

“Process philosophy is based on the premise that being is
dynamic and that the dynamic nature of being should be
the primary focus of any comprehensive philosophical
account of reality and our place within it. Even though we
experience our world and ourselves as continuously
changing, Western metaphysics has long been obsessed
with describing reality as an assembly of static individuals
whose dynamic features are either taken to be mere
appearances or ontologically secondary and derivative.”
“Process Philosophy” as explained by
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
Seibt, J. (Fall 2021 Edition) "Process Philosophy", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Retrieved on December 10, 2021 from
https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/process-philosophy/.

Brüntrup Godehard, & Jaskolla, L. (Eds.). (2017). Panpsychism: Contemporary Perspectives. Oxford University Press.
Goff, P. (2020). Galileo's Error: Foundations for a New Science of Consciousness. Vintage Books.

“However, since Whitehead did not use the term 'panpsychism'
himself, and rejects most of its normal connotations, it is
probably more confusing than helpful to use it or any other
derivate of 'psyche' to describe his position. Insofar as a
short-hand term is needed, 'panexperientialism' would be
better, as long as the 'pan' is taken to refer to all genuine
individuals. In the ensuing discussion I will sometimes use this
term to refer to the position which Wright, Hartshorne, and
Rensch hold in common with Whitehead. When 'panpsychism'
is used, it is used as a synonym for panexperientialism.”
Griffin’s Coining of “Panexperientialism”
Griffin, D. R. (1977) "Chapter 4: Some Whiteheadian Comments" in Cobb, J. B., & Griffin, D. R. (1977). Mind in Nature: Essays on the Interface of Science and Philosophy.
University Press of America.

Chemistry
Biology
Psychology
Physics
Material Reality
Substance
Metaphysics
Whole/Part
Mereological
Relations of
Event Sequences
(Philosophy of Organism)
Process & Potential
Process-Relational
Metaphysics
vs

● Heraclitus
● Chinese Philosophy
● Indian Philosophy
● Indigenous Philosophy
● Buddhism
● Daoism
● Giordano Bruno
● Baruch Spinoza
● Gottfried Leibniz
● Friedrich Schelling
● Henri Bergson
● Charles Sanders Peirce
● William James
● John Dewey
● Alfred North Whitehead
● Charles Hartshorne
● Wilfrid Sellars
● Gregory Bateson
● Gilles Deleuze
● Nicholas Rescher
● Bruno Latour
● Isabelle Stengers
● G.W.F. Hegel
● Friedrich Nietzsche
● Martin Heidegger
● C.G. Jung
● Pierre Teilhard de Chardin
● David Bohm
Process-Relational Theorists
Ivakhiv, A. J. (2010, November 10). Process-Relational Theory Primer. Immanence. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from
https://blog.uvm.edu/aivakhiv/2010/11/05/process-relational-theory-primer/.

Whitehead’s Process Philosophy
Whitehead, A. N. (1978). Process and reality. (pp. 59) Free Press.
"Every actual entity is what it is, and is with
its deﬁnite status in the universe,
determined by its internal relations to other
actual entities. 'Change' is the description of
the adventures of eternal objects in the
evolving universe of actual things.”
-Alfred North Whitehead

“The map is not the territory”- Korzybski
Image from Gatti, C. (2014) “The Map is not the Territory.” Retrieved on December 10, 2021 from https://www.pbase.com/image/37636470

Whitehead’s “Fallacy of Misplaced Concreteness”
Whitehead, A. N. (1948). Science and the modern world: Lowell lectures, 1925. (pp. 59) The New American Library.
“This simple location of instantaneous material
conﬁgurations is what Bergson has protested against,
so far as it concerns time and so far as it is taken to be
the fundamental fact of concrete nature. [Bergson]
calls it a distortion of nature due to the intellectual
'spatialisation' of things. I agree with Bergson in his
protest: but I do not agree that such distortion is a vice
necessary to the intellectual apprehension of nature. I
shall in subsequent lectures endeavour to show that
this spatialisation is the expression of more concrete
facts under the guise of very abstract logical
constructions. There is an error; but it is merely the
accidental error of mistaking the abstract for the
concrete. It is an example of what I will call the 'Fallacy
of Misplaced Concreteness.' This fallacy is the occasion
of great confusion in philosophy.

Seibt, J. (2000). The myth of substance and the fallacy of misplaced concreteness. Acta Analytica 15:61-76. Retrieved on December 8, 2021 from
https://s3.amazonaws.com/arena-attachments/441267/127a3b02d85e0f346ad5975b08159370.pdf

Seibt, J. (2000). The myth of substance and the fallacy of misplaced concreteness. Acta Analytica 15:61-76. Retrieved on December 8, 2021 from
https://s3.amazonaws.com/arena-attachments/441267/127a3b02d85e0f346ad5975b08159370.pdf
Seibt’s List of Alternative Ontologies
1. State affairs ontologies
2. Trope ontologies
3. Attribute ontologies
4. Process Ontologies

FloWave Ocean Energy Research Facility. (Recorded 2014, April. Published 2015, May 1). Flowave Exhibition Video 2014. YouTube. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WﬀR6HrEqTA.

Whitehead, A. N., (1898), A Treatise on Universal Algebra with Applications, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on December 25, 2021 from
https://archive.org/details/atreatiseonuniv00goog/page/n7/mode/2up.
Whitehead, A. N., (1922 [2004]) The Principle of Relativity with Applications to Physical Science, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Reprinted New York: Dover
Publications, 2004. Retrieved on December 25, 2021 from https://archive.org/details/cu31924004208165/page/n6/mode/2up.
Whitehead, A. N., & Russell, B. (1910b, 1912, 1913). Principia Mathematica, 3 volumes, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Retrieved on December 25, 2021 from
https://libraries.mit.edu/150books/2011/02/25/1910/1910-title/.

David Chalmers’ Virtual Realism
Chalmers, D. (8 June 2016). "The Metaphysics and Epistemology of Virtual Reality" [Lecture I]. Petrus Hispanus Lectures, Faculty of Letters, University of Lisbon.
Chalmers, D. J. (2017). The Virtual and the Real. Disputatio, 9(46), 309–352. doi:10.1515/disp-2017-0009

• Are virtual objects real or fictional?
• Do virtual events really happen or not?
• Are virtual experiences non-illusory
or illusory?
• Are experiences in VR as valuable or not
as valuable as experiences outside of it?
David Chalmers’ Virtual Realism

Biology
Physics
Chemistry
Psychology
Consciousness?
Physicalism / Materialism

Milgram’s Mixed Reality Spectrum
[aka Extended Reality (XR)]
Concepts via Milgram, P. and Kishino, F. (1994) A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems,
E77-D, 1321-1329. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.102.4646
Layout via Bye, K. (2017, May 18). Google's @claybavor presents the "Immersive Computing Spectrum" graphic at Google I/O 2017. Twitter. Retrieved October 20, 2021, from
https://twitter.com/kentbye/status/865244388057694208.
Real Environment
Virtual Environment
Physical
Reality
Augmented
Reality
Virtual
Reality

Consciousness
as Emergent
Consciousness
as Fundamental
vs

• Virtual objects are fictional.
• Virtual events do not really happen.
• Virtual experiences are illusory.
• Experiences in VR are not as valuable
as experiences outside of it.
Chalmers’ Virtual Irrealism

Consciousness as Fundamental
Chemistry
Consciousness
Biology
Psychology
Physics

• Virtual objects are real.
• Virtual events do really happen.
• Virtual experiences are non-illusory.
• Experiences in VR are as valuable
as experiences outside of it.
Chalmers’ Virtual Realism

“Process philosophy is based on the premise that being is
dynamic and that the dynamic nature of being should be
the primary focus of any comprehensive philosophical
account of reality and our place within it. Even though we
experience our world and ourselves as continuously
changing, Western metaphysics has long been obsessed
with describing reality as an assembly of static individuals
whose dynamic features are either taken to be mere
appearances or ontologically secondary and derivative.”
“Process Philosophy”
Seibt, J. (Fall 2021 Edition) "Process Philosophy", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.). Retrieved on December 10, 2021 from
https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2021/entries/process-philosophy/.

“True character is revealed in the choices
a human being makes under pressure -
the greater the pressure, the deeper the
revelation, the truer the choice to the
character's essential nature.”
― Robert McKee
McKee, R. (1997). Story: Substance, structure, style, and principles of screenwriting. (pp. 101) ReganBooks.

Placed in a
Context with
Pressure
Make
Choices &
Take Action
Essential
Character is
Revealed
+ =
Unfolding Process Over Time

Context Quality Character
Story

Mental & Social
Presence
Active
Presence
Emotional
Presence
Embodied &
Environmental
Presence

Making
Choices
Taking
Action
Emotional
Immersion
Sensory
Experience

VR & AR
Books
Film
Radio
Video Games
Internet
TV
Theatre
Mobile Phone
Oral
Storytelling

Slater’s Place Illusion & Plausibility Illusion (Dec 2009)
Slater, M. (2009, Dec 14). Place illusion and plausibility can lead to realistic behaviour in immersive virtual environments. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B:
Biological Sciences, 364(1535), 3549–3557. doi:10.1098/rstb.2009.0138

Plausibility
Illusion
Place
Illusion

Chertoff’s Review of Presence Theory Components (2009)
Chertoff, Dustin, "Exploring Additional Factors Of Presence" (2009). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 3910. https://stars.library.ucf.edu/etd/3910

“The process of using these dimensions to create such an
experience is known as experiential design” - Chertoff (2010)
Chertoff, D. B., Goldiez, B., & LaViola, J. J. (2010). Virtual Experience Test: A virtual environment evaluation questionnaire. 2010 IEEE Virtual Reality Conference (VR).
doi:10.1109/vr.2010.5444804
Experiential Design "originated from the marketing field
where it was used to encourage people to create meaningful
emotional and social connections to a product."

Cognitive &
Relational
Active
Aﬀective
Sensory

Skarbez, R., Brooks, Jr., F. P., & Whitton, M. C. (2017). A Survey of Presence and Related Concepts. ACM Computing Surveys, 50(6), 1–39. doi:10.1145/3134301
Survey of Presence and Related
Concepts (Skarbez et al, 2017)

Skarbez, R., Brooks, Jr., F. P., & Whitton, M. C. (2017). A Survey of Presence and Related Concepts. ACM Computing Surveys, 50(6), 1–39. doi:10.1145/3134301

“Basic to Empedocles' philosophy is the
assumption of four eternally existing
"roots," the arrangement and
rearrangement of which account for all
genesis and olethros, and for the particular
and changing characteristics of thnēta.”
Empedocles on Earth, Air, Fire & Water
Empedocles, & Wright, M. R. (1981). Empedocles: The extant fragments. (pp. 22) Yale University Press.

Printed image from Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, (1690) Ars Combinatoria.

The limiting of basic opposites to four and their correlation to the roots is
first found in medicine. Alcmaeon worked on the assumption of an
indefinite number of opposites, but it was Empedocles' theory that the
medical writers later took over and adapted to a fixed number of powers,
and then of humors, in the body. Philistion in a simple way listed four ideai
of the body, relating hot to fire, cold to air, dry to earth, and moist to water.
In the Hippocratic Nature of Man the four opposites were brought into line
with the humors, and with the seasons of the year, in the following
scheme:
winter (cold and wet) : phlegm
spring (wet and hot) : blood
summer (hot and dry) : yellow bile
autumn (dry and cold) : black bile
Medical Origins of Hot/Cold vs Wet/Dry
Empedocles, & Wright, M. R. (1981). Empedocles: The extant fragments. (pp. 26-27) Yale University Press.

Air
Fire
Water
Earth
Hot
Cold
Wet
Dry

Giving Outward
Receiving Inward
Bonding
Individuating

Shady Side
Sunny Side
Moon
Night Winter
Cold
Receiving
Sun
Day Summer
Hot
Giving
Yang
Yin

The Yin & Yang of Right Brain & Left Brain Functions
McGilchrist, I. (2019). The master and his emissary: The Divided Brain and the making of the Western World. (pp. xii) Yale University Press.

● Pluralism
● Chinese Philosophy
● Natural Philosophy
● Ancient Philosophy
● Philosophy of Perception
● Qualia
● Incompleteness of Language for Experience
● Peirce’s Triads
● Dialectics & Polarities
Philosophical References for Quality

Pluralism in Philosophy of Math
“‘Pluralism in foundations’ is an oxymoron, and
therefore, is unstable…”
“Definition: The pluralist in foundations believes
that there is insufficient evidence to think that
there is a unique foundation for mathematics.
Moreover, the pluralist in foundations works under
the assumption that there is no reason to think
that there will be a convergence to a unique
theory in the future. He takes seriously the
possibility that there are several, together
inconsistent, foundations for mathematics.”
Friend Michèle. (2014). Pluralism in Mathematics: A new position in philosophy of Mathematics. (pp. 7 & 24) Springer.

Nørretranders’ Bandwidth of Our Senses
Conscious
Awareness
● Nørretranders, T. (1991). The user illusion: Cutting consciousness down to size. Penguin Books.
● Image: McCandless, D. (2010, July). The beauty of Data Visualization. TED. Retrieved November 13, 2021, from
https://www.ted.com/talks/david_mccandless_the_beauty_of_data_visualization.

Image: Mejia, K. W. (2015, September 7). Synchronicity and the story of Our lives: Time is art. Time is Art | a documentary series. Retrieved November 9, 2021, from
https://thesyncmovie.com/2015/09/07/synchronicity-and-the-story-of-our-lives/.
Text: Jung, C. G. (1979). Collected Works of C.G. Jung, volume 9 (part 2): Aion: Researches into the phenomenology of the self. Para 126. Princeton University Press.
Jungian theories about the unconscious
“The psychological rule says that
when an inner situation is not made
conscious, it happens outside, as fate.
That is to say, when the individual
remains undivided and does not
become conscious of his inner
opposite, the world must perforce act
out the conflict and be torn into
opposing halves.”
-C.G. Jung

“There are of course, explanatorist and
descriptivist—
monadic (Judaism, Islam, Nietzsche),
dyadic (Empedocles, Democritus, Alexander),
triadic (Neo-Platonism, Spinoza, Deleuze)
and tetradic (Plato, Whitehead).”
James Bradley’s “various types of
principles of actualisation”
Bradley, James (2012). Philosophy and Trinity. Symposium 16 (1):155-178. doi:10.5840/symposium20121617. Retrieved from
https://www.c-scp.org/wp-content/uploads/Symposium-Bradley-Philosophy-and-Trinity.pdf

Hegelian Dialectic: Thesis, Antithesis, Synthesis
Calabrese, P. (n.d.). Hegelian Dialectic. Hegelian dialectic. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from https://www.courses.psu.edu/ger/ger100_fgg1/transparencies/hegel_dialectic.html.
Parrish, B. (2014, January 23). Hegelian Dialectics For Dummies. NoisyRoomnet. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from http://noisyroom.net/blog/2014/01/23/hegelian-dialectics-for-dummies/.

Integration & Difference (2022)
Maxwell, G. (2021, October 19). Video introduction to Integration and Difference. Grant Maxwell. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from
https://grantmaxwellphilosophy.wordpress.com/2021/10/19/video-introduction-to-integration-and-difference/.
“I made a video introducing my
forthcoming book, Integration
and Difference: Constructing a
Mythical Dialectic (Routledge
2022). I discuss Spinoza,
Leibniz, Hegel, Schelling,
Nietzsche, James, Bergson,
Whitehead, Jung, Derrida,
Deleuze, Hillman, and
Stengers.”

Eastman’s Examples of Triads in Philosophy
Eastman, T. E. (2020). Untying the Gordian Knot. Process, Reality, and Context. (pp. 174 & 222) Lexington Books.

Peircean Semiotics
Dahlstrom, D., & Somayaji, V. (2003). Peircian Semiotics. University of California, San Diego. Retrieved December 10, 2021, from
https://cseweb.ucsd.edu/~ddahlstr/cse271/peirce.php.

Bradley on Triadic Theories of Actualization
Bradley, J. (2021). Collected Essays in Speculative Philosophy. (S. J. McGrath, Ed.). (pp. 269) Edinburgh University Press.

Bradley on the Triadic Peircean Schema
Bradley, J. (2021). Collected Essays in Speculative Philosophy. (S. J. McGrath, Ed.). (pp. 270-271) Edinburgh University Press.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hero%27s_journey
Joseph Campbell Hero’s Journey

https://www.studiobinder.com/blog/downloads/story-circle-template/
Dan Harmon’s Story Circle

Alex McDowell’s Brief History of Storytelling
McDowell, Alex. (2020, January 25). Storytelling shapes the future. Retrieved March 03, 2021, from https://www.theantiagency.org/storytelling-shapes-the-future/

Lebowitz, Josiah and Klug, Chris. (2011) "Interactive Storytelling forVideo Games:A Player-Centered Approach to Creating Memorable Characters and Stories." (pp. 120) Focal Press.
Authored
Narrative
Generative
Narrative
Lebowitz & King

Authored
Narrative
Generative
Narrative
Spectrum of Story Authorship
No Agency or
Impact on Story
Maximized Agency &
Expression of Will

Participatory Experience
with Dynamic
Waves of Potential
Abouhaib,A. (2014). Retrieved on November 13, 2021 from
http://ffden-2.phys.uaf.edu/webproj/212_spring_2014/Abdel_Abouhaib/101559128653564b3256663/uploads/2/8/6/1/28617611/1047737_orig.jpg
Passive Experience
with Static
Particle-like Actuals

● Importance of Potential
● Block Model vs Participatory Universe
● Time
● Einstein vs Bergson Duration
Philosophical References for Story

Alex McDowell’s World Building Mandala

AWE - Augmented World Expo (Presented on 2019, May 31, 2019. Published 2019, June 20). Kent Bye (Voices of VR Podcast): The Ethical & Moral Dilemmas of Mixed
Reality. Presented at Augmented World Expo USA, Santa Clara, CA. YouTube Retrieved on November 9, 2021 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BNgXKX8IwcU.

XR Ethics Manifesto
Bye, K. (2019, October 19). XR Ethics Manifesto [Presentation], Greenlight XR Strategy Conference, October 18, 2019 (San Francisco, CA). Available at
https://www.slideshare.net/kentbye/xr-ethics-manifesto-updated-nov-2-2019 (Accessed November 9, 2021) and https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CXgY3YXxqJ8

Lessig’s Pathetic
Dot Theory
Nested Contexts
vs
Market
Law
Cultural
Norms
Technology
Architecture
& Code
User
Lessig, Lawrence, (2006). Code 2.0, Chapter: What Things Regulate ( pp. 120–137). New York : Basic Books

Mixed Reality Spectrum
aka Extended Reality (XR)
This graphic is a combination of
Milgram, P. and Kishino, F. (1994) A Taxonomy of Mixed Reality Visual Displays. IEICE Transactions on Information and Systems,
E77-D, 1321-1329. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.102.4646
+
Bye, K. (2017, May 18). Google's @claybavor presents the "Immersive Computing Spectrum" graphic at Google I/O 2017. Twitter. Retrieved
October 20, 2021, from https://twitter.com/kentbye/status/865244388057694208.
Real Environment
Virtual Environment
Physical
Reality
Augmented
Reality
Virtual
Reality

Microsoft’s Mixed Reality Spectrum
Microsoft (2020, August 26). What is mixed reality? Retrieved April 02, 2021, from https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/mixed-reality/discover/mixed-reality

Diller, A., Ayim, M., Pauly Morgan, K., & Houston, B. (1996). Figure 8.1 (p. 107). In The Gender Question in Education: Theory, Pedagogy, & Politics. Routledge, Taylor et Francis Group.
Intersecting Axes of Privilege, Domination, & Oppression

● Mereology
● Measurement: Input-Output-Context
● Privacy
● Ethics & Human Rights
● Embodied Cognition
Philosophical References for Context

● Varzi, Achille, (Spring 2019 Edition) "Mereology", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Retrieved on December 10, 2021 from
https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/spr2019/entries/mereology/
● Calosi, C., Fano, V., & Tarozzi, G. (2011). Quantum Ontology and Extensional Mereology. Foundations of Physics, 41(11), 1740–1755. doi:10.1007/s10701-011-9590-z
● Burkhardt, H., Seibt, J., Imaguire, G., & Gerogiorgakis, S. (2017). Handbook of Mereology. Philosophia Verlag GmbH.
● Cotnoir, A. J., & Varzi, A. C. (2021). Mereology. Oxford University Press.
Mereology: Wholes & Parts Context
“Mereology (from the Greek μερος,
‘part’) is the theory of parthood
relations: of the relations of part to
whole and the relations of part to
part within a whole.”
- Achille

Eastman, T. E. (2020). Untying the Gordian Knot: Process, reality and context. (pp. 3) Rowman & Littleﬁeld.
“Real-world interactions always involve context”
“Real-world interactions always involve context, and
some local-contextual framing inevitably occurs.
Whereas scientific description and approximations
very often strip away context and so enable discrete
measurement results and simple input-output
pairings (dyads), real-world interactions always
require triads, cycles of input-output-context, or, at
least, some inevitable reference to a third.”
-Tim Eastman

Image viaYan Shvartzshnaider (April 15, 2020) https://twitter.com/ynotez/status/1250578500588879873
Nissenbaum, H. (2010). Privacy in Context:Technology, Policy, and the Integrity of Social Life. Stanford University Press.

Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines
Earth

Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines
Network
Architecture
Earth

Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines
Network
Architecture
Earth
XR Hardware

OS Code
Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines
Network
Architecture
Earth
XR Hardware

OS Code
App Code
Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines
Network
Architecture
Earth
XR Hardware

OS Code
App Code
User
Experience
Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines
Network
Architecture
Earth
XR Hardware

Network Architecture
XR Hardware
Operating System Code
Applications & Experiences
User Experience
Design Guidelines
Economy
Laws
Culture
Earth
OS Code
App Code
User
Experience
Economy
Laws
Culture
Design
Guidelines
Network
Architecture
Earth
XR Hardware

Bye, K. (2016, April 28). The Human Experience of Virtual Reality: A Model of the VR Landscape [Presentation],
Silicon Valley Virtual Reality Conference, April 28, 2016 (San Jose, CA). Published on YouTube, May 3, 2016. Retrieved on November 10, 2021 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=acp0Ul0QlmI. Also Published on Voices of VR Podcast on May 4, 2016. Retrieved on November 10, 2021 from
https://voicesofvr.com/355-the-human-experience-of-virtual-reality-a-model-of-the-vr-landscape/.

Bye, K., Ashmore, L., Niles, S. Rizzo, S., Richir, S., Luo, V., Bouchet, A., LeBlanc., M., Pallot., M. (2019, March 19). "Future Dreaming: Designing for New Realities &
Mapping the Ethical Landscape of VR/AR." Laval Virtual Visionaries' Think Tank 2019. Presented at Laval Virtual Conference. Retrieved on November 10, 2021 from
https://twitter.com/kentbye/status/1108116834186919937.

ThingLink. (n.d.). Universal Declaration of Human Rights by TERMCAT.ThingLink.
https://www.thinglink.com/scene/885518633164341250.
FDR Presidential Library & Museum. (1949, November). Eleanor Roosevelt
holding poster of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (in English), Lake
Success, NewYork. November 1949. Flickr.
https://www.flickr.com/photos/fdrlibrary/27758131387/.

United Nations. (2015, December 30). Sustainable Development Goals kick off with start of new year – United Nations Sustainable Development. United Nations.
https://www.un.org/sustainabledevelopment/blog/2015/12/sustainable-development-goals-kick-off-with-start-of-new-year/.

Stewart, M. (2021, June 17). Breadth & depth: Why I'm optimistic about Facebook's Responsible Innovation efforts. Facebook Technology.
https://tech.fb.com/responsible-innovation/.

Klein, T. J., & Lewis, M. A. (2012). A physical model of sensorimotor interactions during locomotion.
Journal of Neural Engineering, 9(4), 046011. doi:10.1088/1741-2560/9/4/046011
Embodied Cognition as Nested Contexts

Passi, E. (2017, January 10). Bringing the Westworld attribute matrix to life. Medium. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from
https://epassi.medium.com/recreating-the-westworld-attribute-matrix-3e72d9d419df.

Virtue Continuum
Lanctot, J. D., Irving, J. A. (2010). Character and Leadership: Situating Servant Leadership in a Proposed Virtues Framework. International Journal of Leadership Studies, Vol. 6 Iss. 1,
2010. Retrieved November 14, 2021 from https://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/ijls/new/vol6iss1/2_Final%20Edited%20Lanctot%20and%20Irving_pp%2028-50.pdf via
https://www.regent.edu/acad/global/publications/ijls/new/vol6iss1/home.htm

Big Five Personality Characteristics
Barrick, M. R., & Mount, M. K. (1991). The Big Five Personality Dimensions and Job Performance: a Meta-analysis. Personnel Psychology, 44(1), 1–26.
doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1991.tb00688.x. Image via https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Wiki-graﬁk_peats-de_big_ﬁve_ENG.png

Sacharin, V., Schlegel, K., & Scherer, K. R. (2012). Geneva Emotion Wheel rating study (Report). Geneva, Switzerland: University of Geneva, Swiss Center for Affective
Sciences. Retrieved on November 13, 2021 from https://www.unige.ch/cisa/files/4514/6720/4016/Geneva_Emotion_Wheel_Rating_Study_Report_2012_08_11_2.0.pdf.
Tschannen-Moran, B. (2012, February). Appreciative Empathy: New Frameworks for New Conversations. International Journal of Appreciative Inquiry: AI Practitioner. Volume 14
Number 1. Retrieved November 14, 2021 from http://www.schooltransformation.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/06/Appreciative_Empathy.pdf
Feelings Needs

● Problem of the Universals
● Kairos & Quality of the Moment
● Archetypal Cosmology
Philosophical References for Character

Tracing of an Emerging WorldView
1. Participatory Quality of Process
2. Novelty & the Will to Believe
3. Reconciling Third Integrative Method
4. Discontinuity of Process
5. Development Through Emergent Phases
6. Emergence of a New WorldView
7. Fractal Quality of Process
8. Forms,Archetypes, & Eternal Objects
9. Qualitative Temporality & Formal Causation
10. Final Causation & Teleological Introduction of Novelty
11.An Exponentially Accelerating Process
12. Concretion of Time & Spatio-Temporal Freedom
Maxwell, Grant. The Dynamics of Transformation: Tracing an Emerging World View. Persistent Press, 2017.

Process Thought at a New Threshold - October 31, 2020
Cobb Institute. (Recorded 2020, October 31, Published 2020, November 28). Process Thought at a New Threshold [Video ﬁle]. YouTube. Retrieved on November 8, 2021
from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wl1jUJhw_zI

Interview with Whitehead Scholar Matt Segall on Process Philosophy
Bye, K., & Segall, M. D. (2020, December 10). #965: Primer on Whitehead’s Process Philosophy as a Paradigm Shift & Foundation for Experiential Design. Voices of VR podcast.
Retrieved November 8, 2021, from https://voicesofvr.com/primer-on-whiteheads-process-philosophy-as-a-paradigm-shift-foundation-for-experiential-design/.

Some Helpful Books on Process Philosophy
Eastman, T. E. (2020). Untying the Gordian Knot: Process, Reality and Context. Rowman & Littleﬁeld.
Randall, A. E., & Herstein, G. L. (2019). Quantum of Explanation: Whitehead's Radical Empiricism. Routledge.
Segall, M. D. (2021). Physics of the World-Soul: Whitehead's Adventure in Cosmology. SacraSage Press.

Whitehead’s Relational Event Ontology
Desmet, Ronald and Andrew David Irvine, "Alfred North Whitehead", The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Retrieved on November
8, 2021 from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/whitehead/.
“The relational event ontology that
Whitehead developed in his London period
might serve to develop a relational
interpretation of quantum mechanics, such
as Rovelli’s [1996] or one of the many
proposed by Whitehead scholars (cf. Stapp
1993 and 2007, Malin 2001, Hättich 2004,
Epperson 2004, Epperson & Zaﬁris 2013).”
-Desmet et al.

● Rovelli, C. (1996). Relational quantum mechanics. International Journal of Theoretical
Physics, 35(8), 1637–1678. doi:10.1007/bf02302261
● Epperson, Michael & Elias Zafiris, 2013, Foundations of Relational Realism, Lanham,
MD: Lexington Books.
● Epperson, Michael, 2004, Quantum Mechanics and the Philosophy of Alfred North
Whitehead, New York: Fordham University Press.
● Stapp, Henry, 1993, Mind, Matter, and Quantum Mechanics, Berlin: Springer Verlag.
● Stapp, Henry, 2007, Mindful Universe: Quantum Mechanics and the Participating
Observer, Berlin: Springer Verlag.
● Malin, Shimon, 2001, Nature Loves to Hide: Quantum Physics and the Nature of
Reality, a Western Perspective, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
● Hättich, Frank, 2004, Quantum Processes: A Whiteheadian Interpretation of Quantum
Field Theory, Münster: Agenda Verlag.
● Citations from Desmet, Ronald and Andrew David Irvine, "Alfred North Whitehead", The
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2018 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed.), Retrieved on
November 8, 2021 from https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2018/entries/whitehead/.
Relational Interpretations of Quantum Mechanics

Eastman, T. E. (2020). Untying the Gordian Knot: Process, reality and context. Rowman & Littleﬁeld.
Cobb Institute. (Recorded 2021, August 21, Published 2021, August 29). Tim Eastman Unties the Gordian Knot - Session 3 [Video ﬁle]. YouTube. Retrieved on November 8,
2021 from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mcujSZojJ6Y.
Tim Eastman’s Untying the Gordian Knot: Process, Reality, & Context

Block Model of the Universe is Deterministic
with No Novelty, Creativity, or Participation as
Past, Present, Future have all already happened
Tegmark, M. (2015, October 1). Life is a braid in spacetime - Issue 29: Scaling. Nautilus. Retrieved November 8, 2021, from
https://nautil.us/issue/29/scaling/life-is-a-braid-in-spacetime-rp.

Michael Epperson "with Elias Zafiris, has formalized a
similar argument against the time-symmetric, actualist
classical block world ontology, proposing a topological
interpretation of quantum mechanics whereby
spatiotemporal extensiveness and its metrical structure
is emergent from dynamical topological quantum event
structures."
-Kastner et al.
Relational Realism argues against “classical block world”
Space is Emergent from “dynamical topological quantum event structures”
Kastner, R. E., Kauﬀman, S., Epperson, M. (2018, March 27) Taking Heisenberg's Potentia Seriously, International Journal of Quantum Foundations, Volume 4, Issue 2, pages
158-172. Retrieved on November 7, 2021 from https://ijqf.org/archives/4643.
Epperson, M., & Zaﬁris, E. (2013). Foundations of Relational Realism: A topological approach to quantum mechanics and the philosophy of nature. Lexington Books.

“Physical things are the outcome of real histories of quantum events”
“The central thesis of the Relational Reality model is
that the classical, conventional conception of the
relationship between physical objects and their
presumed direct mapping to discrete facts must be
reconceived such that physical things are understood
as the outcome of real histories of quantum events.
This requires a reconceptualization of ontological and
contextual properties as mutually implicative features
of every quantum event (thus, inevitably, the triad of
input-output-context). In this Relational Realist
framework, quantum events are identified as
measurement outcomes that refer to corresponding
physical observables.The theory then provides the
means of relating these events.”
-Timothy Eastman

Why Quantum Potentiae should be considered as having ontological reality
Kastner, R. E., Kauﬀman, S., Epperson, M. (2018, March 27) "Taking Heisenberg's Potentia Seriously," International Journal of Quantum Foundations, Volume 4, Issue 2,
pages 158-172. Retrieved on November 7, 2021 from https://ijqf.org/archives/4643.

"I wish to view as physically real the possible
quantum events that might be, or might have
been, experienced. So, in this approach, those
possible events are real, but not actual; they exist,
but not in spacetime. The actual event is the one
that is experienced and that can be said to exist
as a component of spacetime."
-Ruth Kastner
Kastner, R. E. (2013). The transactional interpretation of quantum mechanics: The reality of possibility. (pp. 2) Cambridge University Press.
Images: Science Animated (2019, May 21) Quantumland and Transactions [Video ﬁle]. YouTube. Retrieved on November 8, 2021 from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3J9JeJMAOBw.
“Possible events are real, but not actual; they exist, but not in spacetime”

Science Animated (2019, May 21) Quantumland and Transactions [Video ﬁle]. YouTube. Retrieved on November 8, 2021 from
Spacetime emergent from the quantum substrate & Potentiae
Actualized Reality
Quantum Potentiae

Actualizations = Boolean Logic
Quantum Potentiae = Non-Boolean Logic
“The Relational Reality model requires a
distinction between the logic of actualizations
(standard Aristotelian or Boolean logic) and a
non-Boolean logic for potentiae; real-world
application of these logics necessarily requires
three components; these are input-output-context
with context most often designated as
“environment” in quantum physics applications.”
-Tim Eastman

Science Animated (2019, May 21) Quantumland and Transactions [Video ﬁle]. YouTube. Retrieved on November 8, 2021 from
A partial Boolean algebra is
"locally Boolean, yet globally non-Boolean"
Actualized Reality = Boolean Logic
Quantum Potentiae = Non-Boolean Logic

Non-Boolean Logic with
Waves of Potential
Boolean Logic with

Participatory Experience
with Dynamic
Waves of Potential
Passive Experience
with Static

Lebowitz, Josiah and Klug, Chris. (2011) "Interactive Storytelling forVideo Games." Focal Press.
Authored
Narrative
Generative
Narrative
Lebowitz & Klug’s Interactive Storytelling Spectrum

Primas, H. (2017). Knowledge and time. (pp. 3) Sprinter International PU.
Spacetime is Locally Boolean, but emergent from Globally Non-Boolean Quantum Potential
“A partial Boolean algebra is a family of Boolean
algebras whose operations coincide on overlaps
so that it is locally Boolean, yet globally
non-Boolean…
The family of Boolean contexts plays a privileged
role since a sound theory should be able to
describe intersubjectively communicable
empirical propositions.Therefore the overall
non-Boolean framework must have a locally
Boolean logical structure. This guarantees that
aspects of reality can be perceived by projections
onto empirically accessible Boolean reference
frames.”
-Hans Primas

Primas, H. (2010, May 1). Complementary Time Concepts. The Forgotten Present: A Quest for a Richer Concept of Time, Second Circular for the Parmenides Workshop.
Munich-Pullach; Germany. Retrieved on November 7, 2021 from https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/25159165/pdf-ﬁle-parmenides-foundation
“Full understanding of time is not possible within a Boolean Logic framework”

Primas, H. (2010, May 1). Complementary Time Concepts. The Forgotten Present: A Quest for a Richer Concept of Time, Second Circular for the Parmenides Workshop.
Munich-Pullach; Germany. Retrieved on November 7, 2021 from https://www.yumpu.com/en/document/view/25159165/pdf-ﬁle-parmenides-foundation
Primas’ Triply correlated systems of Material, Mental, & Temporal Domains

Whitehead’s “Eternal Objects” as Pure Potentials
“The eternal objects are the pure
potentials of the universe, and the actual
entities diﬀer from each other in their
realization of potentials.”
The mathematical (i.e. Platonic) world is real, physical world is a shadow of that pure, idea world. Mathematics and science. (n.d.). Retrieved November 9, 2021, from
http://abyss.uoregon.edu/~js/21st_century_science/lectures/lec02.html.

Quantum
Potentiae

Aristotle’s Formal Causation
● Math Structure
● Blueprint
● Design
● Shape
Quantum
Potentiae

Purpose,
Teleological Impulse,
Intention
Blueprint,
Math Structure,
Design, Shape
Agents &
Manifestation of
Knowledge
https://historeo.com/web/?p=3918
Material Cause Eﬃcient Cause
Formal Cause
Final Cause
Aristotle’s Four Causes
Source Material
out of which
it’s made

Experience as streams of “concresence” processes
“His theory of feelings claims that not only our
perception, but our experience in general is a
stream of elementary processes of concrescence
(growing together) of many feelings into one—“the
many become one, and are increased with one”
(1929c [1985: 21])—and that the process of
concrescence is not primarily driven by the
objective content of the feelings involved (their
factuality), but by their subjective form (their
valuation, cf. 1929c [1985: 240]).
-Desmet et al.

Experience as streams of “concresence” processes
theslowmoguys. (2019, February 13). 90 ft. Vertical Spike Wave in Slow Mo. YouTube. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWKFPTgkpXo.
“His theory of feelings claims
that not only our perception,
but our experience in general
is a stream of elementary
processes of concrescence
(growing together) of many
feelings into one—“the many
become one, and are
increased with one” (1929c
[1985: 21]).”
-Desmet et al.

theslowmoguys. (2019, February 13). 90 ft. Vertical Spike Wave in Slow Mo. YouTube. Retrieved November 14, 2021, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iWKFPTgkpXo.

Different Models of Perception & Cognition

Attention
Active
Engagement
Error
Feedback
Consolidation
Dehaene, Stanislas. How We Learn: Why Brains Learn Better than Any Machine ... for Now. Viking, 2020.

Roth, C. (2019). Video Game Violence from the Perspective of Cognitive Psychology. Role Identification and Role Distancing in A WAY OUT. Violence | Perception | Video
Games, 53–62. doi:10.14361/9783839450512-006

Steinicke, F. (2021, March 31). B(l)ending Realities. Keynote lecture presented at The IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces in Spain (virtual),
Libson. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Ds-h1J4MFMI&t=13496s

Unconscious analysis with high temporal resolution
then rendered conscious at discrete “percept” intervals?
Herzog, M. H., Kammer, T., & Scharnowski, F. (2016, April 12). Time Slices: What Is the Duration of a Percept? PLOS Biology, 14(4), e1002433.
doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1002433
(a) Our sensory systems differ remarkably in terms of the temporal scale along which they can detect
the difference between two stimuli. Whereas two clicks can already be separated if they are only 1–3
ms apart [33], two taps need to be about 10 ms apart [33], and two flashes about 25 ms [34].
However, for trains of stimuli, the presentation rate at which the sensation of flicker ceases is similar
for the visual and auditory systems, i.e., at around 16 ms inter-stimulus-interval (ISI) [35,36].
(b) Temporal order judgement within a sensory system is in the range of 20–50 ms ISI and has been
found not to differ substantially between the modalities [37–39]. However, under particular
circumstances the auditory system yields faster discrimination compared to the visual system [40].
(c) Comparing the order of events across different sensory systems has approximately the same
temporal resolution as within a sensory system [37]. This has been taken as evidence for a
supra-sensory timing mechanism that is involved in the detection of onsets across all modalities [41].
However, the lack of transfer of learned temporal order judgements between modalities questions the
existence of a supra-sensory timing mechanism [40].

Stefanics, G., Kremlácek, J., & Czigler, I. (2014). Visual mismatch negativity: a predictive coding view. Frontiers in Human Neuroscience, 8. doi:10.3389/fnhum.2014.00666
Retrieved Feb 20, 2020 from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Simplified-scheme-of-the-hierarchical-
predictive-coding-framework-Friston-2005-2008_fig1_266401430.
Alexander, W.H., & Brown, J.W. (2018). Frontal cortex function as derived from hierarchical predictive coding. Scientific Reports.
Predictive Coding Theory
of Neuroscience

Klein, T. J., & Lewis, M. A. (2012). A physical model of sensorimotor interactions during locomotion. Journal of Neural Engineering, 9(4), 046011.
doi:10.1088/1741-2560/9/4/046011
Embodied Cognition as Nested Contexts

Authored
Design
Generative
Structure

Silver, A. (2019, June 10). Organizing complexity: How architects collaborate to build the world around us. Retrieved March 03, 2021,
from https://medium.com/swlh/organizing-complexity-how-architects-collaborate-to-build-the-world-around-us-2a508aeb83a1

Design phases - hmh modern architecture + interiors - boulder, co. (2017, November 17). Retrieved March 03, 2021, from https://hmhai.com/design-phases/

Linear Film Production Phases
Valand, R. (2013, February 8). Project 11 – Production Planning. BlueStar Studios. Retrieved December 25, 2021, from
https://bluestarpictures.wordpress.com/2013/02/08/project-11-production-planning/

Alex
McDowell’s
Visualization
of the Film
Production
Process
+
Different
Roles.

Game Design
is a
continuously
Iterative
Process
Bromley, M. (2012, July 30). From the Virtual Teaching Frontlines: Game Design Summer Program. Joan Ganz Cooney Center. Retrieved November 9, 2021, from
https://joanganzcooneycenter.org/2012/07/30/from-the-virtual-teaching-frontlines-game-design-summer-program/.

Zahra, Z. (2017, October 07). Scrum methodology. Retrieved March 03, 2021, from https://zaynabzahrablog.wordpress.com/2017/10/07/scrum-methodology/

World Leaders in Research-Based User Experience. (n.d.). Design thinking 101. Retrieved March 03, 2021, from https://www.nngroup.com/articles/design-thinking/

Holcolmb, S., Klebahn, P., Segovia, K., & Utley, J. (2017, September 17). d.bootcamp 25 Take Off Presentation. Retrieved March 03, 2021 from
https://static1.squarespace.com/static/57c6b79629687fde090a0fdd/t/59bc54422aeba555ff0041fe/1505514587533/MASTER+DECK_2017+Sept+25+Bootcamp.pdf

Gray, D. (2017, July 14). Empathy map. Retrieved March 03, 2021, from https://gamestorming.com/empathy-mapping/

What do they THINK?
What do they SAY?
What do they need to DO?
What do they DO?
What do they FEEL?
What do they SEE?
What do they HEAR?

Hunicke, R., LeBlanc, M., & Zubek, R. (2004). MDA: A Formal Approach to Game Design and Game Research. In Proceedings of the AAAI Workshop on Challenges in Game AI
(Vol. 4, No. 1).
unicke
Mechanics, Dynamics, Aesthetics Framework
(Hunicke et al, 2004)

Edition Distribution
Bernard Miège’s Definition of a Medium
Kaplan-Rakowski, R. , & Meseberg, K. (2019). Immersive media and their future. In R.M. Branch et al. (Eds.), Educational Media and Technology Yearbook (Vol. 42, pp. 143-153).
Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-27986-8_13 citing Miège, B. (2003). La contribution des industries de la culture, de l'informationet de la communication à
l'informationnalisation et à la globalisation. Questions de communication, (3), 211-229 cited in
“adaptation of content into the
medium through editing,
filming, post-production, etc.”
“spread of the edited content to
make it accessible for the
audience”

Communications Medium as Process
Emerging Tech
Provides New
Aﬀordances

Emerging Tech
Provides New
Aﬀordances
Creators
Explore New
Aﬀordances

Emerging Tech
Provides New
Aﬀordances
Creators
Explore New
Aﬀordances
Distributors
Provide Channels
For Audiences to
Access New Work

Audiences
Learn How to
Watch New Work &
Provide Feedback
Emerging Tech
Provides New
Aﬀordances
Creators
Explore New
Aﬀordances
Distributors
Provide Channels
For Audiences to
Access New Work

Process Philosophy & VR: Foundations of Experiential Design

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (20)

Semelhante a Process Philosophy & VR: Foundations of Experiential Design

Semelhante a Process Philosophy & VR: Foundations of Experiential Design (20)

Mais de Kent Bye

Mais de Kent Bye (13)

Último

Último (20)

Process Philosophy & VR: Foundations of Experiential Design