How to Troubleshoot Apps for the Modern Connected Worker
Construction solutions
1. BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [BLD6140/ ARC3514 /ARC3512]
SCHOOLOF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING& DESIGN
Bachelor of Science (Honours)(Architecture)
C o n s t r u c t i o n S o l u t i o n s
Kennett Lim Roong Xiang
0325031
Mr. Rizal
Learning Centre for All
Klang
2. CONTENT TABLE
1.0 Introduction
1.1 Jalan Besar, Klang
1.2 Learning Centre for All
A. Project description
B. Plans
2.0 Precedent studies and analysis
2.1 Façade – M House, Grid timber louvres screen façade
- Cloverdale 749, Corrugated Metal Cladding Façade
2.2 Structural system - The Spring House, Steel System
2.3 Floor system - The Spring House, Composite Steel Floor
2.4 Roof - Nest We Grow Moment Connection,
3.0 Alternative design scheme
3.1 façade 1
3.2 façade 2
4.0 Sectional perspective
5.0 References
2
3. 1.0 Introduction
The elaborated findings and analysis in the practicality of design through the means of the structural and the envelope systems of proposed Learning
Centre for All in Klang design. The analysis and documentation of construction methods and materials, evaluation of existing construction system and
detailing of the selectedproject, lastly to generate an alternative construction solutions via the interpretation of sketches and drawings.
Moreover, the thought process and consideration spans to ensure that the design implemented into the abstract of thinking integrates logical and
workable construction systems such as floor, roof, and façade of the proposed building project. The findings and conclusions drawn thereafter allows
understanding of the design scheme as an intention to tackle issues regarding to the site in Klang as well as to increase knowledge competency of the
design proposed.
This objective encourages analytical and critical study of the principles, practices and details of building technology in the abstract design of the Learning
Centre for All.Also, to be able to implement the alternative construction systems into the design of the building afterwards.
1.1 Jalan Besar
Primary circulatory access to cross through to the be redirected back south of Klang. Along
the wide road, it consists of the physical qualities like the intimate scale of the buildings,
oriented facades to the street sheltered with five foot walkways, spots and clumps of
vegetation, and the many parking amenities.
Diagram 1: The street of Jalan Besar spanning across Klang
intersectingat a junction in frontof KTM and nearsite A.
Scale 1; 2000
Figure 1: Jalan Besar street converging towards to
the site viewed from the bridge of Jalan Tengku
Kelana.
Figure 2: the famous “Chong Kok” that is well
perceived by many people local and far from Klang
flanked by shop lots of interest by along the wide
busy streetof Jalan Besar.
Introduction I 1.0 3
4. 1.2 Learning Centre for All
A. Project description
Building function:
Learning and activity centre
Building type:
Infill of 3 shop lots
Building area:
5471.91m2 . (31 metres long and 16 metres wide)
Building storeys:
Existing building storey- 2 storeys,
Proposedlearning centre-4 storeys.
Location:
JY mart, trading gold smith shop lot and a wholesale shop lot opposite collectively
placed right in front of the KTM of Klang
Design Intention:
The learning centre is designed to aid in bringing livelihood and vibrancy to the rather
stagnant sector of Klang. It is also considered in the design as a strategy to be aware
and a new experience whilst travelling down the road of Jalan Besar, Klang. There is
much more things that can be discovered and to have community to intertwine with
the place a little longer as there are opportunities that can be taken and strengths to
be reinforced, weaknesses to be tackled and threats to be provideda solution to.
The design takes on the approach to the people by bringing introducing street life with
the building by the path-space relationship on the ground level as a connecting
circulation to the spaces above. Spaces whilst defined in relation to the presence of
the surrounding context.
Scale 1; 2000
Diagram 3: Buildings lots highlighted as the
proposed building of the learning centre for all. It
consists of 3 corner infill shop lots.
Diagram 2: site plan of Klang with the site indicated in relation with the
surrounding context.
4
9. Masonry screen façade I Precedentstudies and analysis I 2.0
2.1. Masonry facade
The building seeks to give an urban response by
understanding the boundary gable of the school as
a facade, not as a "blind" wall.
Edicion Juana Azurduy 1635 by
BAAG
Buenos Aires, Argentina
2011
Advantages
1. Resourceful, vernacular materials that can
be potentiallyfound locally .
2. Sufficient thermal mass to cool interior
spaces
3. Privacy to the inhabitants within the house.
4. Recyclable
5. Repeated intricate pattern allows ease of
constructability
6. Relatively low cost, in labour and material
usage
Disadvantages
1. Possibility for occurrence in corrosion
2. Expensive to be funded when needed
additional quantity
3. Weight- weight of a brick construction can
lead to premature and extensive sinking of
the foundation.
4. High cost in maintenance and labour
What can be learnt for the Learning
Centre for All .
The implementation of this pattern of façade
design stimulates play of transparency from in
the building to out. It makes perfect fit for the
intention into creating interest from street level
in Jalan Besar, Klang – the mix of classic and
new.
The modular arrangement and dimension eases
construction tension whilst economic factor
which compliments the interior spaces
effectively whereby spaces needed to be quiet;
yet open. Therefore, this fits in the learning
centrenicely.
9
10. 10
Parasol strip
Brick screening
Belt edge
Doublewall | Brick screen
Modular schemes
Exploring the possibilities of the massive brick, horizontal "banners" of 90 cm
in height were designed that act as parapets, brises and screens. These bands
run along the four faces of the blocks forming the walls; balancing and
accentuating the visuals. Each balcony and terrace has expansions by brises&
screens that create privacy specific characteristics that favoursprivacy.
2.
Gridles -
Railings
3.
Expansions
4.
Core spaces
Brick locking
Brick screen
Soga Rigging
Simple brick
screen
Palomero
rigging
English brick
screen
Palomero
rigging with
tizon
1.
Gridles -
Parasols
Structure - Steel
Girdles- Parasol
+
=
4–faced - Continuously facet
every orientation of the house.
This motive initiates dialogue
among the suburban setting;
privacy & transparent
*Allimagescourtesy of BAAG
Perforated face-
The initiative was to design a
flexible wall in meeting the
terms of privacy as well as
local air movement
orientation.
11. CorrugatedMetalCladding Façade I 2.1 I Precedentstudies and analysis I 2.0
2.1. Corrugated Metal Cladding Façade
The contemporary effects of such a façade which
responds to the heaty seashore climate of the
country. The play of opacity and modern
materials usage which in
turn , provides ease of asse-
mblage & obtaining it.
CLOVERDALE 749 by Lorcan
O’Herlihy Architects
Los Angelos, CA, USA
2014
Advantages
1. Durable material against weather element
and age.
2. Strengthin material
3. Ductileand non-permeable
4. Ease in constructability of modular sizes
and fabricated offsite
5. Reusable and can be recycled
6. Low energy waste emission, & low in
construction waste
Disadvantages
1. Possible corrosion and rust
2. Possible and constant check-up of material
quality to ensurenot rust and dust free
3. Excess carbon emission during production
period
What can be learnt for the Learning
Centre for All .
By allowing the concept of transparency and the
varies of activities intensities within the learning
centre, this façade system creates the dialogue
of architectural poetic means whilst providing
the structuralfaçade system to the building.
The blend of opacity and openings formulated
with the modular dimension means in
construction provides ventilation and views to
the outside. Straightforward constructability
saves cost as well as labour skill required to
assemble such façade along the busy road of
Jalan Besar, Klang.
11
12. “face” of the
building.
Components
place on the
beam.
Horizontal and
vertical
members
which holds
the façade into
place.
Structural
integrity of the
“face” of the
house.
12
Primary structure:
Concrete structure
Secondary structure:
Steel beams and
columns
Primary structure:
Linen aluminium
panels (perforated
and opaque)
Installation method
1. Steel structures are bolted to the
concrete structure.
2. The corrugated panel is then added
later on to the steel beams at
intervals by securing it into place
using screws (fasteners).
Fastening patterns
Attaching to steel:
#12 – 14 XL SELF DRILLING SCREW
Trim Fastener
1/8” x 3/16”Pop Rivet
/1/4“ – 14 x 7/8” XL Stitch screw
Metal Sales panel colours
- ENERGY STAR® which
reduce heat load to
building.
- Durable
- Recyclable
- Low demand for cooling
technologies.
Linen white with
deep rib panel
(corrugated/opaque)
13. Structuralsteel system I Construction system I 2.2
2.2 Structural steel system
Steel is an inexpensive material and
can formulate the intricate in design.
Special connection and joint utilised
to mixes the structural members with
he masonry wall whilst providing
strength to the structure.
Spring House by Wu & Liu
Architects
Taipei, Taiwan
2015
Advantages
1. Fast modular components to be assembled
when reached to site
2. Flexible and resistiveagainst lateral forces
3. Strong and durable
4. Variety in dimensions as well as suitable
with cladding with other materials
5. Able to span great distances
Disadvantages
1. Lose strength at really high temperatures
and also that it can conduct heat and
electricity, numerous coatings adhered to
preventsuch accidental occurrence
2. Prone to natural corrosion in tropical and
humid environment
What can be learnt for the Learning
Centre for All .
Steel frame are available to longer and larger
structural spans whilst efficiency when laid out
along a regular grid layout.
Combined with masonry approach in
construction with the steel structure framework,
it produces an intricate architecture type along
the neighbouring shoplots. Thus appeal to the
generic sense of place in Jalan Besar. Masonry
also possess such insulation in acoustics
required in several spaces which need sound
proofing in the learning centre for all. Reused
bricks from existing damaged and abandoned
shoplots can be reusedin this building.
13
14. Column and masonry
connection details
(image courtesy of The
International Masonry
Institute)
14
THE PROCESS IN CONSTRUCTING THE STEEL FORMWORK
1. After the construction of pad footing foundation is set up, steel base plates are anchored and
attached to the pad footing foundation with anchor bolts.
2. Steel columns are lowered and welded to these base plates as these plates plays part into
transferring load to the ground.
3. Ground floor beams are connected to the columns via fin plates welded onto the web of the
steel I-Beams.
4. The ground floor is prepared through the floor system of composite flooring (refer to
Compositefloorsystem)as the infill walls are then placed later.
5. As the floor progresses, columns are erected and connected through splices where the
splices are bolted by the sides on the flanges surface of the I- Beams.
6. This process is applied to floors again to the second floor.
1 2 3 4
A light weight with a grid-like skeleton of vertical
and horizontal I- Beam steel members in which
sub structures are attached.
(image courtesyof SteelConstructionInfo)
Sectional constructional detail of
steelformwork.
15. CompositeSteelFlooring System I Floor I 2.2
2.3 Composite Steel Floor
Steel is an inexpensive material and
can formulate the intricate in design.
Special connection and joint utilised
to mixes the structural members with
he masonry wall whilst providing
strength to the structure.
Spring House by Wu & Liu
Architects
Taipei, Taiwan
2015
Advantages
1. Fast modular components to be assembled
when reached to site
2. Flexible and resistiveagainst lateral forces
3. Strong and durable
4. Variety in dimensions as well as suitable
with cladding with other materials
5. Able to span great distances
Disadvantages
1. Lose strength at really high temperatures
and also that it can conduct heat and
electricity, numerous coatings adhered to
preventsuch accidental occurrence
2. Prone to natural corrosion in tropical and
humid environment
What can be learnt for the Learning
Centre for All .
Steel frame are available to longer and larger
structural spans whilst efficiency when laid out
along a regular grid layout.
Combined with masonry approach in
construction with the steel structure framework,
it produces an intricate architecture type along
the neighbouring shoplots. Thus appeal to the
generic sense of place in Jalan Besar. Masonry
also possess such insulation in acoustics
required in several spaces which need sound
proofing in the learning centre for all. Reused
bricks from existing damaged and abandoned
shoplots can be reusedin this building.
15
16. Details of composite metal deck flooring.
(image courtesyof SteelConstructionInfo)
16
Composite steel flooring
components joint to the I-
Beam of the building
structure.
(image courtesy of
SteelConstructionInfo)
THE PROCESS IN CONSTRUCTING THE STEEL FORWORK
1. Trapezoidal steel decking is placed and spanned across the secondary floorbeams
2. The decking is rigidly placed to the primary and secondary beams by shear studs, connected
through deck-welding technique .
3. Mesh reinforcement , like rebars, are placed on top of the steel decking to provide bending
resistance and to reduce support cracking. The mesh aids in distributing effects of line and
point loads.
4. The profiledsteel decking acts as a formwork during construction & additional
reinforcement at the final stage of construction when R.C. (reinforced concrete)
is casted on top of it
1 2 3 4
Deck-welding technique of
the metal deck placed on the
I-Beam of the structure
(image courtesy of Arc Spot
Welding SteelDeck– A Primer)
Sectional perspective constructional
detail of composite steelflooring.
17. 2.4 Transparent Plastic Corrugated
Sheets
Allowing light in for the plants, and heating the
space during colder months, extending the
usability of the Nest- This is the criteria
mentioned into one of the efforts into
maintaining energyefficiencyof the structure.
The simple construction deemedpractical
Whilst aestheticin a har-
monic appeal in its
setting and context.
Transparent Plastic CorrugatedSheets| Roof I 2.3
Nest We Grow Moment Connection
by Graduate students from the
University of California
Japan
2015
Advantages
1. Simple mechanism of longitudinal wood
truss allows simple construction
2. Lightweight members reduces load
imposed on structure
3. Resourceful material that is can be
obtained easily
4. Transparent corrugated material allows
play of light to enter the structure’s interior
thus exposed ceiling can be achieved
Disadvantages
1. Skilled labourer required to amend
construction details o be assembled
2. Possible degrade in wood over long period
of time
3. Traditional methods into securing could
compromise structuralintegrity
17
What can be learnt for the Learning
Centre for All .
Longitudinal wooden trusses are of a common
essence in the sense of place in Klang
shophouses. But, traditional methods could be of
failure and potentially be leading to the building’s
demise.
Efficiency in the modular assemblage with
proper integral pattern with much sturdier
material like steel, could prevent such
unfortunate event whilst providing visual appeal
to the structurewhen ceiling is exposed.
This effort allows light to be diffused into the
spaces while aestheticallypleasing.
18. 18
Sectionalperspective
(Imagecourtesyof Archdaily)
Structural assemblage
1. Columns are amended into intended form of modularity.
2. Additional structural aids like steel plates are secured along with cross
bracing from one member to another.
3. Structural members have their end tip subtracted out to have ease in
assemblage horizontal members to be connected across it.
Columns
Vertical members in grid intervals as
structural membersto hold the form
of the structure
(image courtesyof Archdaily)
Sliding panels in the roof open to facilitate
air movement through the structure during
the summer and warmer parts of the day.
The tea platform sits to keep in warm air
created by the skin during the colder
months, and in a cross ventilated area
during the warm summer months.
(image courtesyof Archdaily)
Roof members assembly
Rafter and joists are
connected via the
hurricane strip and is
later attached with
the translucent roof.
The Nest takes advantage of the transparent plastic
corrugated sheets on the façade and roof, allowing
light in for the plants, and heating the space during
colder months, thus extending its usability.
(image courtesy of Archdaily)
23. 23
Sectional perspectives
Ground floor
Dining space
1 ; 30
Reinforce concretepad footing
900mm x 900 mm
1200mm below ground level
Reinforce concretestump
400mm x 400 mm
Concreteslab steeldecking with
composite trapezoidal profile
Concreteslab mesh reinforcement30mm (thickness) timber oak flooring
embeddedinto concrete slab
Powder coated steelI- beam
200mm x 200mm
Low carbon shear studs
60mm composite
table counter
Self hydrated hangers
holding evergreencreepers
40mm (thickness)
Floor board decking
150mm Reinforce
concretefloor slab
250mm x 350mm
Reinforce concretefloor beam
Diningspace
Rehydrate and cook
station
196mm x 70mm
wooden floor joists
300 mm shared
concretewall to
neighbor shop lot
24. 24
Highest floor
‘A space for me’ – breathing space
Wooden planks louvres
40mm x 150 mm
Tubular hollow purlin
60mm x 150 mm
Concreteslab steeldecking with
composite trapezoidal profile
50mm (thick) dampproof
membrane
Tubular hollow Rafter
300mm x 200 mm
Rectangular hollow truss
80mm x 200 mm
Lightweight concretecloser
300mm
Continuous
metalgutter
80mm (thick) oakwood
flooring decking
Fiber cementpanels
200mm(thick) x 2000mm x 1000mm
Milky white polycarbonate
corrugatedmetalsheeting
30mm (thickness)
Operable window
skylight
900mm pipe railing
150mm concrete
wall composite
Roof flashing
60mm concrete
wall build
Waterproofmembrane
Geotextile
Tree ball
(root)
Protection & drainage layer
25. 5.0 References
Façade
Edicion Juana Azurduy1635
B. Julia, (2018) EdíficioJuana Azurduy1635 / BAAG.
Retrievedfrom:https://www.archdaily.com.br/br/894458/edificio-juana-azurduy-1635-baag?ad_medium=gallery
R. Sean, (n.d.) The Disadvantages of Masonry Construction.
Retrievedfrom:https://www.hunker.com/12465558/the-disadvantages-of-masonry-construction
BAAG,(2017) CasaBuho/ BAAG.
Retreivedfrom:https://www.plataformaarquitectura.cl/cl/office/baag
CLOVERDALE 749
G. Alyn, (2014). Cloverdale749apartmentsby LOHA featurebalconies screenedby perforatedmetal panels.
Retrievedform: https://www.dezeen.com/2014/05/28/cloverdale749-apartments-by-loha-feature-balconies-screened-by-perforated-metal-sheets/
G.John, (2013). Cloverdale749.
Retrievedfrom: https://www.architectmagazine.com/awards/annual-design-review/cloverdale749_o
O’Brien L. (2017). Metal Sales™ Adds Sleek Sustainabilityto Los Angeles’ Cloverdale749.
retrievedfrom: http://lopressroom.com/metalsales/cloverdale
Structural steel frame system
Spring House W L A
Images courtesyby Akira photography (2016), Spring HouseW L A, retrievedfrom:https://www.archdaily.com/photographer/akira-photography
(2016).
Spring Spring House.
Retrievedfrom:https://www.archdaily.com/789515/spring-house-w-l-a
WLA, (2015). The spring house/WLA.
Retrievedfrom:http://www.understandconstruction.com/steel-frame-structures.html
B. Dwight (n.d.). STEELFRAME STRUCTURES.
Retrievedfrom:https://www.whirlwindsteel.com/blog/bid/407580/7-advantages-of-structural-steel-frame-construction
Whirlwind Team (2015). 7ADVANTAGESOF STRUCTURALSTEELFRAME CONSTRUCTION.
Retrievedfrom:https://www.whirlwindsteel.com/blog/bid/407580/7-advantages-of-structural-steel-frame-construction
2
5
26. 26
Floor
Spring House W L A
Images courtesyby Akira photography (2016), Spring HouseW L A, retrievedfrom:https://www.archdaily.com/photographer/akira-photography
J. W. Rackham, G. H. Couchman, & S. J. Hicks, (2009), Composite Slabs and Beams using Steel Decking: Best Practice for Design and Construction (Revised Edition). Britian, The Metal
Cladding & Roofing ManufacturersAssociation in partnershipwith The SteelConstructionInstitute
Retreivedfrom:https://www.steelconstruction.info/images/b/b8/SCI_P300.pdf
M. Crisinel, & D.C. O'Leary,(1996). STATE-OF-THE-ART REVIEW OF COMPOSITE FLOOR SLABDESIGNANDCONSTRUCTION.
Retrievedfrom:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/37455428_Composite_Floor_Slab_Design_and_Construction
Roof
Nest We Grow Moment Connection
J. Jenny, (2015). InnovativeDetail:NestWeGrowMomentConnection.
Retrievedfrom:https://www.architectmagazine.com/technology/detail/innovative-detail-nest-we-grow-moment-connection_o
S. Eduardo, (2015). NestWeGrow/ Faculdade de ProjetoAmbientalUCBerkeley+ Kengo Kuma& Associates
Retrievedfrom: https://www.archdaily.com.br/br/765181/nest-we-grow-college-of-environmental-design-uc-berkeley-plus-kengo-kuma-and-
associates/54c9b1dce58ece5c5e000219-section-aa
(2015). NestWeGrow/ Kengo Kuma & Associates+ Collegeof EnvironmentalDesign UCBerkeley.
Retrievedfrom:https://www.archdaily.com/592660/nest-we-grow-college-of-environmental-design-uc-berkeley-kengo-kuma-and-associates
![BUILDING TECHNOLOGY 1 [BLD6140/ ARC3514 /ARC3512]
SCHOOLOF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING& DESIGN
Bachelor of Science (Honours)(Architecture)
C o n s t r u c t i o n S o l u t i o n s
Kennett Lim Roong Xiang
0325031
Mr. Rizal
Learning Centre for All
Klang](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/constructionsolutions-190304154722/85/Construction-solutions-1-320.jpg)
