Ap ch.20

On the eve of the French Revolution, France was the wealthiest, most influential, and most populous nation in Europe! It’s population was 25 million people!

Our goal will be to interpret this quote by the end of this unit!

It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity… -- Charles Dickens A Tale of Two Cities

Monarchy on the eve of the Revolution Marie Antoinette & Louis XVI

Let Them Eat Cake! ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Causes of Revolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Lettres de Cachet: letter of the sign [or signet]” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

1789 :ancien regime= Old Regime pg. 620 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Commoners 3rd Estate Aristocracy 2nd Estate Clergy 1st Estate The Suggested Voting Pattern: Voting by Estates 1 1 1 Louis XVI insisted that the ancient distinction of the three orders be conserved in its entirety.

Commoners 3rd Estate Aristocracy 2nd Estate Clergy 1st Estate The Number of Representatives in the Estates General: Vote by Head! 300 300 648

Emmanuel Joseph Sieyes(See-ya yes!)—listening to the past-pg. 626) 1 st What is the Third Estate? ( Qu'est-ce que le tiers état?) Everything! 2 nd What has it been heretofore in the political order? Nothing! 3 rd What does it demand? To become something therein! Abbé Sieyès 1748-1836

3 Stages of French Revolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1 st time called into session since 1614

[object Object],[object Object],Jacques Louis David

[object Object],[object Object],The Palais Bourbon ... seat of the French National Assembly, the lower legislative chamber of the French government.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],18 died 73 wounded 7 guards killed It held 7 prisoners ( 5 ordinary criminals & 2 madmen)

Great Fear-pg. 629 ,[object Object]

August Decrees August 4-11, 1789 A renunciation of aristocratic privileges!!!Abolishment of feudal privileges!! Liberté! Egalité! Fraternité!

The Tricolor (1789) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Citizen!

The “Liberty Cap”: Bonne Rouge

Revolutionary Symbols Cockade Revolutionary Clock Marianne-symbol of the Fr. Republic adopted by the Nat. Convention Liberté-”mother of France”-pg.629 Liberty cap

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Olympe de Gouges

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ We want the baker, the baker’s wife, and the baker’s boy!”

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Flight to Varennes

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Composed by Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle on April 24, 1792 This was adopted July 14, 1795. Banned by Napoleon because of its revolutionary ideals. Reinstated in 1879.

3 Stages of French Revolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

National Convention ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],'I die innocent of all the crimes laid to my charge; I Pardon those who have occasioned my death; and I pray to God that the blood you are going to shed may never be visited on France. '

Guillotine ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Guillotine

LAST OF THE EXECUTIONS ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],1939

“ Madame Guillotines Last Kiss” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Marie Antoinette on her way to her execution!

Execution of Marie Antoinette ,[object Object],[object Object]

Committee of Public Safety ,[object Object],[object Object]

Committee of Public Safety 1793 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The Reign of Terror Terror is nothing other than justice, prompt, severe, inflexible. -- Robespierre(pg. 637) Let terror be the order of the day! ,[object Object],[object Object]

Reign of Terror June 1793 – 27 July 1794 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

The “Thermidorean Reaction,” 1794 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Executi on of Robespierre ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

3 rd Stage - Thermidorian Reaction: Directory  Dictatorship ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

18 Brumaire (Nov. 9, 1799) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Brumaire was the second month in the French Republican Calendar. Brumaire often refers to the coup d'état of 18 Brumaire in the year VIII (November 9, 1799), by which General Napoleon Bonaparte overthrew the government of the Directory to replace it with the Consulate.

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Cycle of the French Revolution So…what was the significance of the French Revolution? Started with one-man rule and ended with one man rule???

[object Object],[object Object],Took place in cathedral of Notre Dame in Paris, France on December 2 nd , 1804. Crowned himself emperor in presence of Pope Pius VII to send a message that the Church will be excluded from all political affairs .

[object Object],Crown of Napoleon Napoleon called his new crown the Crown of Charlemagne, the name of the ancient royal coronation crown of France that had been destroyed in the French Revolution

Crane Brinton’s Anatomy of a Revolution ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Crane Brinton: Conditions Present Before a Revolution Occurs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Ap ch.20

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Ap ch.20