2. Introduction
Join us, the Time Warp Trio, as you
discover the history of computers and
what the future holds for you as a
teacher using technology in your
classroom!
3. Task
As you complete the
webquest, you will find that
many issues are raised and
thought provoking questions
are asked.
You do not have to formally
submit answers to these
Your task is simple – work questions at this time.
your way through the However, variations of these
webquest to gather questions will be incorporated
information on the history of into your live text reflections,
computers and the use of so take the time to reflect
technology in education. while the information is fresh
in your mind.
Follow all links. They lead to
You may want to jot down
definitions, more in depth some of your initial reactions
information, videos, to refer to later.
interactive activities, etc.
5. Hey there! I’m glad you could all join me.
Cell phones, laptops, PDAs, iPods and
digital cameras were not always considered
everyday items. Let’s take a look at life B.G.
(before Google)!
6. 10: The basis of our number system
Primitive humans
found counting
necessary, and fingers
provided a natural tool,
creating a number
system based on 10.
As time passed, rocks,
notches on wood, etc.
were used to calculate
and record larger
numbers.
7. Manipulation of Data
The abacus was the first
instrument known that
allowed users to
manipulate data rather
than just record it.
It is believed that the
abacus originated in Learn more about how
Babylon around 3000 an abacus works and
B.C. even try adding on an
Believe it or not, the interactive abacus!
abacus is still used today!
8. From Calculation Devices to Computers
Calculating devices Watch “The History of
were soon able to Computers” by accessing
subtract, multiply and the video through Ohio
Link.
divide as well as add.
The introduction of
binary arithmetic and
Boolean logic led to the
development of the
internal language of
today’s digital
computers.
12. Wow! That was cool. Computers sure have
come a long way, but there is still more. Let’s
take a look at 5th generation computers and see
how the latest developments have changed
today’s world - especially in the field of
education.
13. 5th Generation
Computers
“The fifth
generation of
computers offers
the development
of artificial
intelligence,
computers based
on logical
inference and
parallel
processing, and
radical changes in
the Internet” (Sharp
15).
14. Modern Features
Today’s computers can
carry out thousands of
operations
simultaneously.
They feature:
Voice recognition
Natural and foreign
language translation
Touch screens
Handwriting recognition
with stylus input devices
In what ways do these
features enhance
education?
15. Artificial Intelligence
AI is a “computer science
field that tries to improve
computers by endowing
them with some of the
characteristics associated
with human intelligence,
such as the capability to
understand natural
language and to reason
under conditions of
uncertainty” (Sharp 14).
Click above to view trailer.
So what do you think – Is
number five alive?
16. A.I. in Daily Life
Artificial intelligence
sounds a little sci-fi-ish,
but the fact is, you find
A.I. everywhere you look!
GPS systems in cars that
tell you what direction to
travel
Playing against the
“computer” in a game of
chess.
Smart tutoring systems
GRE exam
Click above to review “Smart
Tutor”
17. Internet
The Internet is a
worldwide computer
networking system.
It is used to:
teach distance courses;
communicate via voice,
data, and video
conferencing;
research;
work from home;
house virtual
environments; etc.
18. The Web is Transforming…
The Internet no
longer has the sole
purpose of providing
information.
It has become the
read – write web
where users want to
be heard themselves
as much as they
want to see what
others are saying.
19. Hypertext & Hypermedia
Research has shown that It has been proposed that
hypertext has awesome there are three levels of
possibilities in education. hypermedia in education.
Students have the ability to
personalize learning by
exploring topics that
interest them in more
depth.
Students can use hypertext
to scaffold their reading,
and can potentially read e-
texts at a higher level
because they can use
hypertext to define
unknown words.
20. Internet Activities
The internet is full of Now check out some
interactive activities cool ideas for e-
that can be used to learning with your
introduce, reinforce, students:
and assess learning. Lewis & Clark
Try out a few simple Exploring the
activities related to Environment
what you are learning: International Space
Flash Cards Station Challenge
Crossword Puzzle Eduweb
22. Technology is still evolving. Come with me to
take a peek at what the future may bring. Where
will you fit in? Will you embrace the latest
technological advancements or do you prefer the
status quo? How will you weave technology into
your philosophy of education?
23. What will the future hold?
There are already many
predictions about where
the web will go next.
How do we prepare
students to work in an
environment that doesn’t
yet exist?
How will teacher training
be effected?
Will life-long learning
become a must instead of
a lofty goal?
24. Looking Forward
Future Computers? Educational Technology
What do you think Future Trends
future computers will Intel Education
look like? How will
you interact with Initiative
them? Open Educational
Future PCs Resources
Made of Glass? eTexts
Nanobots
PDA’s Rule the School
BCI
27. What does all of this mean? Bottom line –
educational technology is constantly changing, and
bringing about new and exciting ways to help
students of all ages learn! Let’s take a quick look at
how technology has been used in the classroom.
28. Educational Technology
While definitions vary, the Association for
Educational Communications and Technology
(AECT), states "Educational technology is the
theory and practice of design, development,
utilization, management, and evaluation of
processes and resources for learning."
29. Advantages of Educational Technology
Papers can be easily stored, revised, and
shared.
The Internet can be a valuable library and
research resource.
Differentiated instruction for various
learning styles can be provided.
Multimedia presentations that include art
and music can be created.
Software programs can be used to assist
students or create newsletters and other
documents.
Web sites and software can assist with
teacher and administrator planning.
Computers can help with institutional
organization and inventory.
30. Brief History of Computers in Education
Computers were first used in
education in the fields of
science, math and
engineering.
The first techniques included:
A behavioral approach to
tutoring – programmed
instruction, where info was
taught in small, sequential bits
at the learners own pace with
automatic feedback.
Computer based simulations
The first flight simulator was
created in 1950 at MIT.
Teaching programming
languages such as BASIC
Due to a lack of software Project Whirlwind: 1st Flight Simulator
designed for Navy training by MIT in 1950.
31. Microcomputer Brings Mega Changes
In 1977 the
microcomputer shifted
the focus from
mainframes to desktop
computers
An educational software
market emerged to meet
the needs of classroom
teachers.
Soon, computers
networks were formed
through intranets and
internets.
32. Today
The internet is a powerful
educational tool.
Leading professional
groups and state
departments of education The National Educational
have developed Technology Standards
educational technology project is ongoing.
standards for teachers,
The goal is to facilitate
students, and schools. improvement in U.S.
Accreditation standards for schools by implementing
teachers require technology in instruction,
technology training. activities, and assessment.
33. Debate
Over the years, there has
been a debate on the best
way to use technology to
enhance learning.
These debates often stem
from educational
philosophies that are
teacher-directed or
constructivist based.
Research has not
provided conclusive
evidence to support one
side or the other.
Why do you think this is?
34. Educational Philosophies & Technology
Teacher-directed Approach Technology Applications
Based on worksheets & Programmed
textbooks
Curriculum is fixed instruction programs
Teacher transmits knowledge such as Math Blaster
Instruction is didactic Drill-and-practice and
Results in one correct answer
Stresses individualized work
tutorial software
Poses questions for students to applications
answer Generation of class
Is concerned with information
acquisition performance
Assessment is by testing information
35. Educational Philosophies & Technology
Constructivist Model Technology Applications
Is based on manipulatives and
primary sources Annotated movies
Curriculum is flexible Hypertext
Approach develops concepts
Student explores and discovers Simulations such as
knowledge
Results in acquisition of large
Lemonade Stand or Sims
concepts Should actively address
Stresses cooperative group work real-life problems
Engages students in interactive
activities through interactive
Is concerned with the process of situations
learning
Assessment I by student products Virtual Reality
and student observation
37. Time to pray – just kidding! You are about to take a
quiz to assess what you have learned. But wait – you
can relax and smile, because it is open webquest!
The purpose is to see how the traditional quiz can be
adapted to be taken using a computer. Did you like
getting immediate feedback? What did you think
are the positive and negatives of this type of
assessment? How else might you use technology to
assess your students? What educational philosophy
would this type of quiz fall under?
38. Review
McGraw-Hill online
has summaries to
review the information:
History of Computers
Educational Milestones
& Standards
39. Quiz Time!
What did you learn?
Take the quiz for
History of Computers
Do not panic!
You may look back at
the PowerPoint for
answers.
Submit your scores to
johnsen@ohio.edu
40. Questions to Ponder
What new ethical considerations
have developed as technology
advances?
How do you see using technology in
your classroom?
What do students need to know
about technology?
What do you want to learn more
about?
Will your approach follow a teacher-
directed or constructivist
philosophy?
How does elearning affect time on
task?
With technology changing so
quickly, how do you justify spending
the money to keep current with the
latest trends?
Does technology help close or widen
the achievement gap?
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