Java is a powerful and versatile programming language that can be used to create desktop, web, and mobile applications. It is derived from C and C++ but uses object-oriented programming. Java applications run in a virtual machine (JVM) which makes Java cross-platform and sandboxed for security. Popular uses of Java include web applications built with technologies like JSP, Servlets, and Spring that run on application servers, as well as desktop programs and smaller applications for devices.