Midterms

1. Nursing Informatics

2. Definition
• 1989—Graves and Corcoran defined
Nursing Informatics as
– “Computer science, information science, and
nursing science combined to assist in the
management and processing of nursing data,
information and knowledge to support the
practice of nursing and the delivery of nursing
care.”

3. Definition
• 1996—Turley defined Nursing Informatics
as the intersection point with Nursing
Science, Computer Science and
Information Science.
• 1995—Graves et al, began to incorporate
knowledge as a product of the sciences
into the definition.

4. Definition
Saba and McCormick
• The use of technology and/or a computer system to
collect, store, process, display, retrieve, and
communicate timely data and information in and
across health care facilities that administer nursing
services and resources, manage the delivery of
patient and nursing care, link research resources
and findings to nursing practice, and apply
educational resources to nursing education.

5. Definition
ANA revised definition
• Nursing informatics is a specialty that integrates
nursing science, computer science, and information
science to manage and communicate data,
information, and knowledge in nursing practice.
Nursing informatics facilitates the integration of
data, information, and knowledge to support
patients, nurses, and other providers in their
decision making in all roles and settings. This
support is accomplished through the use of
information structures, information processes, and
information technology.

7. Possible answers
• A definition is a fundamental element for
shaping a specialty
• A definition for nursing informatics guides
role delineation for nurses interested in
informatics and suggests directions for
practice, education, training, and research
• Also, a definition is one foundational
element of national scope documents for
the nursing informatics specialty.

8. • a definition of nursing informatics may be
useful to other disciplines as they define
informatics practice within their own
specialties
• a definition for nursing informatics is
needed to help others, within and outside
nursing, understand the legitimacy of the
practice and the general competencies of
a nurse who specializes in informatics.

9. EVOLUTION OF
COMPUTER
TECHNOLOGY

16. • Konrad Zuse (German: [ˈkɔnʁat ˈtsuːzə];
1910–1995) was a German civil engineer,
inventor and computer pioneer. His
greatest achievement was the world's first
functional program-controlled Turing-
complete computer, the Z3, which became
operational in May 1941.

17. • Zuse was also noted for the S2 computing
machine, considered the first process-
controlled computer. He founded one of
the earliest computer businesses in 1941,
producing the Z4, which became the
world's first commercial computer. From
1943[1] to 1945[2] he designed the first
high-level programming language,
Plankalkül.[3] In 1969, Zuse suggested the
concept of a computation-based universe
in his book Rechnender Raum
(Calculating Space).

22. • ENIAC was designed to calculate artillery
firing tables for the United States Army's
Ballistic Research Laboratory.[4][5] When
ENIAC was announced in 1946 it was
heralded in the press as a "Giant Brain".[6]
It had a speed of one thousand times that
of electro-mechanical machines.

26. 6) Who is the "Father
of Modern
Computing"?
A. Bill Gates
B. Wilhelm
Schickard
C. Charles Babbage
D. Gordon Moore

55. Historical Perspectives of
Nursing and Computers

57. Historical Perspectives of
Nursing and Computers

58. Historical Perspectives of
Nursing and Computers
Prior to the 1960s( Florence Nightingale)
1857

59. Historical Perspectives of
Nursing and Computers
Punch Card
• Store data
•Sort
•Prepare data for processing

60. Historical Perspectives of
Nursing and Computers
• 1960s
• During the 1960s the uses of computer
technologies in the health care system
began to be question. “ Why computers?”
• “What should be computerized?”
• Introduction of Cathode Ray Tube.

61. Historical Perspectives of
Nursing and Computers
• 1970s
• Nurses began recognized the value of the computer for
their profession.
• Nurses recognized the computer’s potential for
improving the documentation of nursing practice, the
quality of patient care
• During this period, several states and large community
health agencies developed and/or contracted for their
own computer-based management information system
(MIS)

62. Historical Perspectives of
Nursing and Computers
• During the 1980s, the field of informatics emerged in the
health care industry and nursing.
• During this period, many mainframe HISs emerged with
nursing subsystems, these systems documented several
aspects of the patient record; naVmely,
1. Order entry emulating the kardex
2. Results reporting
3. V/S
4. Discharge planning system
• In the 1980s, the microcomputer or personal computer
(PC) emerged.

63. Historical Perspectives of
Nursing and Computers
• In 1992, NI was approved by the American Nurses
Association (ANA) as a new nursing specialty.
• The 1990s brought smaller and faster computers-laptops
and notebooks-to the bedside and all of the point-of-care
settings.
• Workstations and local area networks(LANs) were
developed for hospital nursing units.
• Wide area networks (WANs) were developed for lingking
care across health care facilities.
• Electronic mail(email)
• WWW protocols.

64. Historical Perspectives of
Nursing and Computers
Post-2000
• Electronic Patient Record
• Electronic Health Record
• Personal Digital Assistance
• Voice over Internet protocol

65. Who are Informatics Nurses?
• Expert nursing clinicians in utilizing the nursing process
• Expert analytical & critical thinking skills
• Understand patient care delivery workflow & integration points for
• automated documentation
• Clinicians with extensive clinical practice
• Experienced in utilizing and implementing the nursing process
• Have additional education & experience related to technology and
• information systems
• Are excellent project managers because of the similarity between
• the project management process & the nursing process
• May be board certified in Nursing Informatics by ANCC

66. How do Informatics Nurses Impact
the Nursing Process?
Enable the professional
nurse to be the
“Coordinator” of each
patient’s care

67. • Communicate & coordinate care with ALL
other clinical disciplines
• Coordinate discharge planning, education
& teaching, transitions of care
• Manage ALL information related to the
nursing process and patient care delivery

68. How do Informatics Nurses Impact
the Nursing Process?
• Because information management is
integrated into nursing practice, there are
now additional steps in the nursing
process

69. STANDARDIZED
DOCUMENTATION
PROCESS RE-ENGINEERING
INFORMATION MANAGEMENT
RESEARCH and EVIDENCE
COLLECTION
Standardized
Documentation
Process Re-eng.
Information mgt.
Research and
evidence collection
Assessment
Evaluation
Implementation
Planning

70. How do Informatics Nurses Impact
the Nursing Process?
• Standardized Documentation
• The collection tool for information management
•
• • Information Management
• Key role for Nursing Informatics
• Key to research and evidence collection
•
• • Process Re-engineering
• Key to successful implementation
•
• • Research and Evidence Collection
• Key to repeatable, standardized care and improved outcomes

71. The Value of Nurse
Informaticists
• Nurse Informaticists are Bi-Lingual!
• Support nursing work processes using
technology
• Re-Engineer clinical workflow & facilitate
change management
• Acute care – all specialties Home health
• Ambulatory care Software development
• Redesign work flows Long-term care
• Outpatient setting

72. The Value of Nurse
Informaticists
• Analyze clinical and financial data
• Promote and facilitate access to resources and
references
• Provide nursing content to standardized languages
• Enhance continuity of care
• Improve relationships between providers and recipients
of health care
• Enable cost savings and productivity goals

73. The Benefits of Nurse
Informaticists
• Nurse Informaticists promote and facilitate access to resources and
references
• Support for their mission to deliver high quality, evidence based
care
• Support for better service by facilitating true interdisciplinary care
• Improvement in key relationships with
• providers & care recipients
• Enable cost savings and productivity goals
• Facilitate change management
• Enhance continuity of care

74. The Many Roles of a Nurse
Informaticist
• Administration, leadership, & management
• Analysis
• Compliance and integrity management
• Consultation
• Coordination, facilitation, and integration
• Development
• Educational and professional development
• Policy development and advocacy
• Research and evaluation