2. Jökulsárgljúfur National Park Ásbyrgi – A horseshoe-shaped canyon. Norse legend says it is the hoof print of Sleipnir, the god Óðinn’s horse. Geologists believe it was formed by a huge jökulhlaup, a flood created by volcanic eruptions beneath an ice cap or glacier.
22. Krafla Volcanic Region Looking towards the main Leirhnjúkur fissure, part of a system of fissures above a large magma chamber, still highly active. The last major eruption was in 1984 and the ground is currently swelling, indicating a possible approaching eruption. Krafla itself has not erupted since the 1720s.
79. Dimmuborgir’s lava formations formed when a lava lake burst through the cooled, hardened crust, leaving behind strange vertical formations, about 2000 years ago.
80. Pseudocraters on Lake Mývatn – formed when boiling lake water burst up through the lava
81. Bláfjall – a table mountain formed by a subglacial eruption, when the region was covered by an ice cap. Eruptions under the ice cap created numerous móberg mountains.