Factors that affect vessel turnaround time in port of Colombo

1. AFFECTING FACTORS
FOR CONTAINER
VESSEL
TURNAROUND TIME
AT PORT OF
COLOMBO
Presented by: Kaveen Gayathma

2. Research Problem and Objectives
Research Objectives
i. Identify the factors that affect vessel turnaround time(VTT) and evaluate their relative
importance towards turnaround time.
ii. Identify the situation and areas of impact towards VTT on container terminals of Port of
Colombo after the inauguration of South port.
Research Questions
i. What are the factors and their impact towards VTT at the Port of Colombo?
ii. What are the impacts of these factors towards VTT at the Port of Colombo?
iii. What are the areas of impact towards VTT on container terminals of Port of Colombo after
the inauguration of South port?
“Shippers are looking for a port, which could provide fast turnaround time, when
they could reduce voyage as maximum as possible. For a port container terminal,
it is very vital to have fast turnaround time for vessel.”
(Source: Kasypi and Shah, A Productivity Analysis Of Medium Seaport Container Terminal ,2010)

3. Research Problem and Objectives
Literature Review
• Methodology
• Importance of VTT for Terminal Operators & Vessel Operators
• Relevance of efficiency and productivity of terminals towards VTT
• Factors which determine VTT
• Trends in Maritime Industry and VTT
Area Author
AffectingFactorsforVTT
Maneuvering Time
Jayaprakash and Gunasekaran (2012), Goedhart (2002),
Cherng-chwan and Hui-huang (2005), Imai et al (2003)
Cargo volume and handling speed
Mokthar and Shah (2006), Jayaprakash and Gunasekaran
(2012), Edmod & Maggs (2006), Henesey et al (2004),
Chou (2010)
Operations of Transfer sub-system
Zhang and Kim (2008), Zhang et al (2009), Moktha and
Shah (2006), Goodchild and Daganzo (2004), Vis and
Koster (2003), Kim and Park (2003), Jayaprakash and
Gunasekaran (2012), Henesey et al (2004), Yeh et al
(2007)
Efficiency of systems
Mokthar and Shah (2006), Cherng-chwan and Hui-huang
(2005), Tongzon (2009), Vis and Koster (2003)
Productivity of terminals Kim and Park (2003), Kasypi and Shah (2006),
Storage subsystem
Bazzazi et al (2008), Kim and Park (2003), Froyland, et al
(2007), Chen and Lu (2010), Henesey et al (2004)

4. Methodology
Approach used to solve research problem;
• Primary technique used: Analytical Hierarchical Process Analysis(AHP)
• Target Population: Container Terminals of the Port of Colombo
• Sampling Method: Snowball Sampling
• Primary Data Collection: AHP survey by personally handed over questionnaires
• AHP Hierarchy: Two-level Hierarchy, Three main criteria, Ten sub criteria
• Questionnaire: Pairwise comparison, Nine point semantic differential scale. (AHP.pdf)
• Test for error: Consistency Ratio Test (CRT)
• Strategies for error control: Pre Testing Questionnaire, Use of snowball sampling,
Substantial sample used, Validation with CRT, One on one assistance during survey.

5. AHP Hierarchy
FactorsthataffectVTT
Berthing Delays
Unavailability of berths
Weather conditions
Documentation delays
pilotage delays
Cargo Transferring Delays
Quay Crane operating speed
Unavailability of Equipment Operators
Equipment breakdowns
Lack of yard transfer equipment
Cargo Availability Related
Delays
Cargo unavailability
Cargo clearance

6. Analysis and Findings
Terminal-wise Analysis
• Main Criteria and their weights that affect VTT at each terminal
• Sub-criteria and priority weights under each main criterion for each terminal
• Percentage influence towards VTT from each factor under each terminal
Comparison between Terminal
• Comparison of main criteria that affect VTT across terminals
• Comparison of sub-criteria that affect VTT across terminals
• Top five influential factors comparison

7. Top Five Influential Factors for
each Terminal
Comparison of Main Criteria
B/D- Berthing delays C/T/R/D - Cargo transferring
related delays
C/A/D - Cargo availability related delays
U/B- Unavailability of berths W/C- Weather
conditions
D/D- Documentation delays P/U- Pilotage delays
Comparison of Berthing Delays

8. Rank Main Criteria Sub-Criteria
Overall
weight
CICT
1 Cargo transferring delays
Lack of yard transfer
equipment
0.242
2 Cargo transferring delays
Quay Crane operating
speed
0.224
3 Cargo transferring delays Equipment breakdowns 0.202
4 Berthing delays Pilotage delays 0.164
5
Cargo availability related
delays
Cargo unavailability 0.057
JCT
1 Cargo transferring delays
Quay Crane operating
speed
0.227
2 Cargo transferring delays
Lack of yard transfer
equipment
0.204
3 Cargo transferring delays Equipment breakdowns 0.198
4 Berthing delays Pilotage delays 0.120
5 Berthing delays Unavailability of berths 0.106
SAGT
1 Cargo transferring delays
Lack of yard transfer
equipment
0.207
2 Cargo transferring delays
Quay Crane operating
speed
0.191
3 Cargo transferring delays Equipment breakdowns 0.172
4 Berthing delays Pilotage delays 0.150
5 Berthing delays Unavailability of berths 0.126
Top Five Influential Factors for
each Terminal

9. Analysis and Findings
• Cargo transferring delays influence the most towards VTT at Colombo ( Top 3 reasons out
of 10 in every terminal are under this category)
• Cargo transferring delays and Berthing delays impact more than 90% of VTT collectively
• Pilotage delays and Unavailability of berths cause more than 80% of Berthing delays at all
terminals
• Berth occupancy and congestion has been eased after construction of CICT
• First five ranking criteria Influence more than 85% towards VTT at any terminal