organizational behavior WEEK 4

1. Week 4: April 29 Personality and Emotions

2. OBJECTIVES Define personality, how is it measured, what factors influence it Meyers Briggs Type Indicator Big Five Personality model Distinguish between emotions and moods What are their sources?

3. Personality Definition: The sum total of psychological traits that define how an individual reacts and interacts with. A combination of traits that classifies individuals. Developed based on genetics and environmental factors. Affects the long-term performance of individuals.

4. Personality Measuring Personality tests are useful in hiring decisions. Determinants Heredity vs. Environment Heredity – factors determined at conception: height, gender, facial features, etc.

5. Single Traits of Personality Locus of control Determines the to which you believe that your behavior influences what happens to you. If you believe that your life is controlled from inside then you are an internalizer. If you believe that your life is controlled by external factors then you are an externalizer. Internals more resistant to pressure and less likely to change attitudes. Externals more receptive to structured jobs http://www.keirsey.com/sorter/instruments2.aspx?partid=0

6. Myers-Briggs Type IndicatorMBTI Most widely used personality assessment instrument in the world. 100 questions. Individuals are classified as : Extravert - Introvert Sensing - Intuitive Thinking - Feeling Judging - Perceiving 16 possible combinations. http://www.keirsey.com/sorter/instruments2.aspx?partid=0

7. Big Five Personality TraitsEXTRAVERSION –comfort level w/ Relationships (gregarious, assertive, social)AGREEABLENESS: ability to defer to others (cooperative, warm, trusting)CONSCIENTIOUSNESS: measure of reliability (responsible, organized, dependableEMOTIONAL STABILITY: ability to withstand stress (calm, self-confident, secure)OPENESS TO EXPERIENCE: range of interests and fascination with novelty (creative, curious, artistic.

8. Emotions and moods

9. Terms In order to understand the impact of moods in the workplace AFFECT: broad range of feelings that people experience. Umbrella term encompassing emotions and moods. EMOTIONS: intense feelings directed at someone or something, brief, accompanied by facial expression, action oriented MOODS: Feelings less intense than emotions – can last longer, cause is general and unclear, lasts longer, no facial expression, cognitive oriented

10. emotions anger Contempt Enthusiasm Envy Fear Frustration Disappointment Embarrassment Disgust Happiness Hate Hope Jealousy Joy Pride Surprise Sadness Anger Fear Disgust Happiness Surprise Sadness Basic Emotions 6 Universal emotions

11. SOURCES OF EMOTIONS & MOODS Day of the Week and Time of the Day Negative moods are highest on Sundays and Mondays Implications: Don’t ask for a favor or deliver bad news. Positive interactions most likely after midmorning and later in the week. Weather Moods are tied to weather Stress Stress affects emotions and moods. Examples: stress before an exam. Stress builds over time. Mounting stress worsens mood and leads to negative emotions. Social Activities Social activities increase positive mood. Research suggests that physical (skiing or hiking friends), informal (going to a party) or eating with others strongly associated with increase in positive mood Sleep Sleep quality affects mood. Sleep deprivation results in fatigue, anger and hostility. It impairs decision making and makes it difficult to control emotions Exercise Research shows that exercise enhances mood Age Emotional experience improves with age. The older we get the fewer negative emotions we have. Gender Women ARE more emotional, emotions are more intense, and hold onto emotions longer

12. Moods and creativity People that are in a good mood are more creative They produce more ideas Create problem solving options More flexible When people are in a good mood, they relax and avoid critical thinking resulting in increased creativity.

13. How can managers influence mood Use humor Provide small tokens of appreciation Role model a positive mood Select team members that demonstrate a positive mood.

14. Thoughts Are emotions different culturally? Yes, Chinese experience fewer negative and positive emotions. Are emotions viewed differently by different cultures? Yes, America values enthusiasm, Chinese value negative emotions. The West values pride, the East views pride as undesirable. Is the expression of emotions different” Yes, Muslims consider smiling as a sign of sexual attraction, so their women don’t smile. In America, it is negative to express intense negative emotions, in France, there is an expectation of being rude to customers and the Germans are offended by greeters at Wal-Mart. Some cultures have no word equivalent for” anxiety, depression and guilt. Tahitians have no word for sadness. If they are sad, it is considered to be physical.

15. http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCDV_90.htm http://www.mindtools.com and then search locus of control