5. Patient Classification
Free PowerPoint Templates
"Who should be seen first ? "
"How long can each patient safely wait ?"
Gilboy, Travers, & Wuerz, 1999; Wuerz, Milne,
Eitel, Travers, & Gilboy, 2000
7. The American Hospital Association
Free PowerPoint Templates
Emergency Urgent Nonurgent
The 3-level acuity-rating scale
•emergent, urgent, and nonurgent
•unclear, not uniform and are often hospital dependent and nurse dependent
8. Emergency Severity Index (ESI)
A Triage Tool for Emergency
Department Care version 4
Free PowerPoint Templates
5 ระดับ
• ระดับ1 (most urgent) - ระดับ5 (least urgent)
• แบ่งตามacuity และ resource needs
•ESI concept in 1998
9. Emergency Severity Index (ESI)
A Triage Tool for Emergency
Department Care version 4
Free PowerPoint Templates
Resuscitation Emergent Urgent Less-
Urgent
Non-
Urgent
ผู้ป่ วยวิกฤติ เจ็บป่ วย
รุนแรง
เจ็บป่ วยปาน
กลาง
เจ็บป่ วย
เล็กน้อย
เจ็บป่ วย
ทั่วไป
11. Research on the Emergency
Severity Index
•improvements in ED operations
•support for research and surveillance
•for benchmarking
(Wuerz et al., 2000. ; Travers, Waller, Bowling, Flowers, &Tintinalli, 2002.; Eitel,Travers, Rosenau, Gilboy, &
Wuerz, 2003 ; Tanabe, Gimbel, Yarnold, Kyriacou, & Adams, 2004 ; Worster et al., 2004 ; Durani, Breecher,
Walmsley, Attia, & Loiselle, 2009)
Free PowerPoint Templates
12. The purpose of ED triage
• to prioritize incoming patients and to identify those patients
who cannot wait to be seen
• to cope with overcrowding there is a critical need for a valid,
reliable triage acuity rating system in order to sort these
incoming patients more rapidly and accurately
Free PowerPoint Templates
13. Free PowerPoint Templates
• ESI (USA)
• Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale (CTAS)
• Australasian Triage Scale (ATS)
• Manchester Triage Scale (U.K.)
20. Free PowerPoint Templates
NANDA Nursing
Diagnoses
NOC Outcomes and Indicators NIC Intervention Label and
select nursing activities
Risk for infection
related to
immunosuppression
secondary to
chemotherapy,
inadequate primary
defenses (central
venous catheter),
chronic disease (ALL)
and developmental
level.
0702Immune Status
Definition: Natural and acquired
appropriately targeted resistance to
internal and external antigens.
1=severely compromised thru 5= not
compromised
Absolute WBC values WNL(within normal
limits)
1 2 3 4 5
Differential WBC values WNL(within
normal limits)
1 2 3 4 5
Skin integrity
1 2 3 4 5
Mucosa integrity
1 2 3 4 5
Body temperature IER( in expected range)
1 2 3 4 5
Gastrointestinal function
1 2 3 4 5
1 2 3 4 5
(NOC, 2008 p.399)
6550 infection protection
Definition: Prevention and early detection of infection
in a patient at risk
Activities:
Monitor for systemic and localized signs & symptoms
of infection (central line site check every 4 hours.)
Monitor WBC, and differential results (qod)
Follow neutropenic precautions
Provide a private room
Limit number of visitors
Screen all visitors for communicable disease
Maintain asepsis
Inspect skin and mucous membranes for redness,
extreme warmth or drainage (q4 hours)
Inspect condition of surgical incision
(central line insertion site q 4 hours)
Obtain cultures, as needed (Blood cultures prn T>38.3
C q 24 hours) (Drainage @ Central line site)
Promote Nutritional intake (1500 kcal per day, Pt likes
cereal)
Encourage fluid intake (1225 cc per day, Pt likes orange
Gatorade)
Encourage rest (naps daily 1-3 PM, bedtime t 8:30 PM)
Monitor for change in energy level/malaise
Instruct patient to take anti-infective as prescribed
(Bactrim po BID; Nystatin 5cc,swish & swallow, TID)
Teach Family about s & symptoms of infection and
when to report them to HCP
-Teach patient and family how to avoid infections
(NIC, 2008)
22. Free PowerPoint Templates
Gilboy N, Tanabe T, Travers D, Rosenau AM. Emergency Severity Index (ESI): A Triage
Tool for Emergency Department Care, Version 4. Implementation Handbook 2012 Edition. AHRQ Publication
No.12-0014. Rockville, MD. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. November 2011
27. Free PowerPoint Templates
1: Early recognition and call for help
2: Early bystander CPR
3: Early defibrillation
4: Early advanced life support and standardised
post-resuscitation care
The chain of survival
28. Free PowerPoint Templates
1: Early recognition and call for help
The chain of survival
Recognising the cardiac origin of chest pain, and calling
the emergency services before a victim collapses,
enables the emer- gency medical service to arrive
sooner, hopefully before cardiacarrest has occurred,
thus leading to better survival
29. Free PowerPoint Templates
2: Early bystander CPR
The chain of survival
The immediate initiation of CPR can double or
quadruple survival after cardiac arrest.
If able, bystanders with CPR training should give
chest compressions together with ventilations.
CPR while awaiting the arrival of professional help.
30. Free PowerPoint Templates
3: Early defibrillation
The chain of survival
Defibrillation within 3–5 min of collapse can produce
survival rates as high as 50–70%. This can be
achieved by public access and onsite AEDs.
31. Free PowerPoint Templates
4: Early advanced life support and
standardised post-resuscitation care
The chain of survival
Advanced life support with airway management,
drugs and correcting causal factors may be needed if
initial attempts at resuscitation are un-successful.
36. Free PowerPoint Templates
Combine chest compression with recue breaths
If Untrained or Unable to do Rescue Breaths
Continue compression only CPR
Adult BLS sequence
37. Free PowerPoint Templates
Switch on the AED and
attach the electrode pad
Follow the spoken/visual
directions
If Shock is indicated deliver
Shock
If no shock is indicated
continue CPR
Adult BLS sequence
38. Free PowerPoint Templates
Continue
CPR
If unresponsive but breathing normally
If you are certain the victim is breathing
normally but still Unresponsive , Place in the
recovery position
Adult BLS sequence
39. Free PowerPoint Templates
Foreign body airway obstruction (choking)
Suspect Choking
Be alert to choking particularly if victim is eating
Encourage to cough
Instruct victim to cough
40. Free PowerPoint Templates
Foreign body airway obstruction (choking)
Give Back Blows
If cough becomes ineffective give up to 5
bag bows
Give abdominal thrusts
If back blows are ineffective give up to 5
abdominal thrusts