Solid waste management best practices India

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Background:
Solid Waste Management is one of the important obligatory functions of not only urban local bodies but also
of rural local bodies. But this essential service is not efficiently and properly performed by the local bodies ,
resulting in many health and sanitation problems. It is observed that lack of financial resources, institutional
weakness, improper selection of technology, transportation systems and disposal options, public’s apathy
towards
environmental cleanliness and sanitation have made this service unsatisfactory.
AIM:
To Assess about solid waste Generation &its management in jangaon Municipality
OBJECTIVES:
1. Studying the present scenario of solid waste management in the municipality.
2. To study the various methods and best practices of Solid waste management in India.
3. To analyze the issues with Solid waste management in jangaon
4. Suggesting the best alternative techniques suited for the study area.
NEED FOR STUDY:
Jangaon, one of the largest municipalities in Warangal district has a potential to develop.
It has also considerable significance in Cultural aspects. Aesthetical maintenance can boost the tourism.
With the rapid increasing of population, there is a need to manage solid waste in the municipality.
SCOPE&LIMITATION OF THE STUDY:
Study is limited only to the jangaon municipal boundary.
Scope of study is limited to only Municipal solid waste& its management, issues regarding MSWM only.
METHODOLOGY:
Municipal Solid Waste Management
Primary data
•Interviews
•Observations
•Surveys: Household
survey
Aim
Objectives
Need &Limitations
Data collection
Secondary data
•Municipality
•Census
•Internet
Analysis
Suggestions the alternatives for MSWM
OBJECTIVE 1:
Studying the present scenario of solid waste management in the municipality
Sources of Waste generation
Quantity of waste generated on daily basis
Storage & Segregation of Collected waste
Transportation& Transfer stations
Waste treatment &disposal
OBJECTIVE 2:
To study the various methods and best practices of Solid waste management in
India.
Desktop studies:
Suryapet( Telangana) &
Kanchrapara (West Bengal)
Analyzing both the Practices and their Outcomes.
OBJECTIVE 3:
To analyze the issues with Solid waste management in Study area.
Issues can be drawn from Surveys & Individual observations.
OBJECTIVE 4:
Suggesting the best alternative techniques suited for the study area.
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
Architecture & Fine Arts
University
SHEET NO:1
AIM,OBJECTIVES,
METHODOLOGY
OF THE STUDY

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Municipal Solid Waste
Definition:
Municipal Solid Waste includes commercial and residential wastes generated in a municipal or
notified areas in either solid or semi-solid form excluding industrial hazardous wastes but including
treated bio-medical wastes
- Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000.
Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is the trash or garbage that is discarded day to day in a human
settlement.
-SWM Toolkit,MOUD.
Municipal Solid Waste Management(MSWM) refers to a systematic process that comprises of waste
segregation and storage at source,primarycollection, secondary storage,transportation,secondary
segregation, resource recovery,processing,treatment,and final disposal of solid waste.
aesthetically cleaner surroundings with cleaner drains for storm water flow, cleaner water
sources and safer neighborhoods. Apart from these, MSWM restricts air pollution, ground
water contamination & soil contamination.
Objectives of Solid Waste Management
The objective of SolidWasteManagement(SWM) is to maintain clean and hygienic
conditions and reduce the quantity of SW, which has to be disposed of in Sanitary Landfill
Facility (SLF) after recovery of waste materials and energy from it.
The objective of solid waste management is to reduce the quantity of solid waste
disposed off on land by recovery of materials and energy from solid waste. This in turn
results in lesser requirement of raw material and energy as inputs for technological
processes.
To provide economically and environmentally viable methods for waste disposal.
MSW
Road Sweeping
Waste
General House
Hold
Waste(including
Kitchen Waste)
Market and
Commercial
Waste
Institutional
WasteBiomedical
Waste
Slaughter House
Waste and Dead
Animals
Construction &
Demolition
Waste
Health and Environment Benefits of MSWM:
It prevents waste to contamination of water (in drains) and soil in particular;
Reduces waste sent to the landfill, which may have negative impacts on groundwater
and air quality;
Reduce emissions from energy consumption- as waste when recycled requires less
energy than making goods from virgin materials thereby reducing the energy demand and
pressure on nonrenewable sources (oil, fossil fuels);
Contributes to Climate Change by reducing methane emissions from landfills.
Improved waste management services reduce chances of spread of diseases.
Economic Benefits:
An effective waste management implies reduce, reuse and recycle waste matter leading
to introduction of more and more of waste matter into the value chain leading to economic
benefits; and
Waste management being a labour intensive activity, it helps in employment generation.
Introduction of rag pickers into formalized waste collection and segregation process is a
win scenario for implementers.
Benefits of MSWM
Majorly, there are two kinds of benefits incurred from effective Municipal solid waste
management:
Health and Environment Benefits
Economic Benefits
Need for MSWM:
Efficient municipal solid waste management benefits in maintaining hygienic conditions leading to
lesser health issues, better living environment, improved economic prosperity in the area,
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
SHEET NO:2
Introduction about
MSWM

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Domestic/Residential
Waste
cooking, cleaning, repairs, hobbies,
redecoration, empty containers, packaging,
clothing, old books, writing/new paper, and old
furnishings. Households also discard bulky
wastes such as furniture and large appliances
which cannot be repaired and used
Households
Municipal Waste wastes resulting from municipal activities and
services such as street waste, dead animals,
market waste and abandoned vehicles.
Commercial Waste solid wastes that originate in office Wholesale
and retail stores, restaurants, hotels, markets,
warehouses and other commercial
establishments
Retail &
Commercial
shops,Hotels,Resta
urents
Institutional Waste wastes are those arising from institutions such
as schools, universities, hospitals and research
institutes.
Schools,
Government
offices,hospitals,pr
ivate offices.
Garbage Wastes from the preparation, cooking, and
serving of food. Market refuse, waste from the
handling, storage, and sale of produce and
meats and vegetable
Households,
institutions and
commercial
institutions
Street Sweeping Street sweepings, Dirt, leaves, catch basin dirt,
animal droppings, contents of litter receptacles
dead animals
Streets, sidewalks,
alleys, vacant lots,
Hazardous Wastes Hazardous wastes: pathological waste,
explosives, radioactive material, toxic waste
etc.
hospitals,
institution,stores,in
dustry, etc.
Construction and
Demolition Wastes
materials generated by the construction,
refurbishment, repair and demolition of houses,
commercial buildings and other structures. It
mainly consists of earth, stones, concrete,
bricks, lumber, roofing materials, plumbing
materials, heating systems and electrical wires
and parts of the general municipal waste stream
Construction and
demolition sites,
remodelling,
repairing sites
Industrial Wastes Discarded solid material of manufacturing
processes and industrial operations.
Factories, power
plants, treatment
plants.
Sewage Wastes The solid by-products of sewage treatment are
classified as sewage wastes.
Sewer lines
Dead Animals Small animals: cats, dogs, poultry etc.Large
animals: horses, cows etc.
Classification of Solid wastes:(Source:Manual on MSWM,MoUD,2000)
Generation &Storage
Collection
Transport
Process
DisposalIllegal Dumping
Contaminated sites
Recycle, Reuse & Recover
The Municipal Solid Waste Stream
Collection Type How it is carried out
Community bins placed in convenient locations, where the
community members carry the waste and
throw it in
Door-to-Door collection The waste is placed at the doorstep at a set
time when the waste collector arrives. In this
method
Block collection the collection vehicles arrive at a particular
place or a set day anytime to collect waste
from the households. Households bring their
waste containers and empty directly into the
vehicle.
Curbside collection the homeowner is responsible for placing the
containers to be emptied at the curb on the
collection day and for returning the empty
containers to their storage location until the
next collection
COLLECTION MECHANISMS OF MSW:
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
SHEET NO:3
Classification of
MSWM & Collection
of MSWM

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Schematic Flow of SWM systems
Transfer Stations
Mechanised refuse transfer station
Direct Transfer Station
Secondary collection of MSW
Primary collection of MSW
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
SHEET NO:4
STEPS IN MSWM

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Municipal Solid Waste Management systems in India
The Stakeholders involved in the management of MSWM are:
The Ministry of Environment and Forests: The Ministry of Environment and Forests is
responsible for general aspects related to waste management, and draws up, coordinates the
environmental policy and overseas the implementation of the federal legislation regarding waste
management.
 Central Pollution Control Board: Coordinate the activities of the State Pollution Control Boards
and provide technical assistance and training to the personnel. Disseminate information sponsor
research relating to waste management. To perform functions prescribed by the Government.
 State Pollution Control Board: Plans a comprehensive program for the prevention, control or
abatement of air pollution and water pollution. To inspect, at all reasonable times, any control
equipment or process. Prior to installation of a landfill or incinerator, permission from SPCB must be
obtained.
 City Corporation: City Corporation issues permits and creates policy for waste management.
Provides waste management services or operates disposal, recycling, or composting facilities. Often
contracts out services to the private sector.
Private Informal Sector:
Private Informal Sector – collection of the recyclable waste, transfer to the recycling facility and
recycling of waste.
Legal Framework applicable to Municipal Solid Waste Management
Legislation concerning waste is usually differentiated according to the type of waste.
International conventions often cover nuclear and hazardous waste, whereas non
hazardous waste, often called solid waste is usually more regulated at the national level.
From an environmental angle the following environmental rules, regulations and acts
would be the most relevant for MSWM
Municipal Solid Waste (Management & Handling) Rules 2000, notified by the
ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India vide notification No.
S.O.908 (E) dated 25th September 2000. The guidelines given in this law covers all the
functional elements of municipal solid waste management.
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974. Two aspects have to
be kept in mind of this law in regard to MSWM. Firstly, a consent from the state
pollution control board for establishment of a sanitary landfill site and compost plant is
essential and secondly, no water pollution should be caused by the leachate that is
emitted by the sanitary landfill site or a compost plant.
The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 and amendments
thereon. The only aspect that should be considered in this law in regard to MSWM is
provision for levying and collection of cess on water consumed for the sanitary land
filling, composting and anaerobic digesters.
The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 and amendments thereon.
The aspects to be considered in this law with respect to MSWM is the need for
obtaining consent from the State Pollution Control Board for establishment of the
processing plants and disposal site and from an environmental aspect would be the
pollution caused by incineration plants, compost plants and landfill sites.
The Environmental (Protection) Act, 1986 and its subsequent notifications. The
aspect in regard to MSWM would be the EIA notification, 1944, which states that for
any project to be authorized an EIA report should be submitted first.
The MOEF
Central Pollution Control Board
State Pollution Control Board
City Corporation
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
SHEET NO:5
LEGAL
FRAMEWORK
regarding MSWM

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MSWM - Important landmarks and funding initiatives of GoI
Roles & responsibilities of Institutions in SWM
Responsible institutions Roles and responsibilities in SWM
Government of India and State Governments Make Central/ State-level laws and rules; frame
policies; prepare guidelines, manuals, and
technical assistance; provide financial support
Municipal authorities and state government Plan for MSWM treatment facilities
Municipal authorities Collect, transport, treat and dispose of waste
Municipal authorities with state government
approval
Frame bylaws; levy and collect fees
Municipal authorities, State and central
governments
Capital investment in SWM systems
Responsibilities allotted to different levels of Government regarding MSWM in INDAI are :
Local Government
At the sub-state level, the District Magistrate or the Deputy Commissioner of the
concerned district had the overall responsibility for the enforcement of the provisions of
the MSWM Rules, 2000 within the territorial limits of their jurisdiction.
At the city/ULB level, every municipal authority within the territorial area of the
municipality was responsible for implementation of the provisions of these rules, and for
any infrastructure development for collection, storage, segregation, transportation,
processing and disposal of municipal solid waste.
MOUD
Formulates broad policies for
sanitation sector including SWM
Prepares Guidelines/benchmarks for
SWM services
Supports SWM projects under
JnNURM/UIDSSMT schemes
Facilitative role for ULB’s capacity
building
CPHEEO,technical wing of MOUD
Assists in technical matters on SWM.
Prepare guidelines like technical
manual on SWM.
MOEF
Directly involved by way
of development of MSWM
rules under the
Environmental protection
Act,1986.
CPCB
Plays a monitoring role
by convening meetings of
various members of
SPCB’s.
Seek information
regarding initiatives taken
by ULB’s
Central Government Level
Department of Urban
Development
Secretary in charge: Overall
responsibility for the enforcement
of SWM Rules(Management&
Handling),2000.
State level Nodal
Agency(SLNA)
Project monitoring
Units(PMU’s)
State Pollution
Control Board(SPCB)
Plays a monitoring
role.
Issues an
authorization to ULB’s
State Government Level
Source: GOI-ADB-PPP Initiative 2006
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
SHEET NO:6
Apex authorities in
MSWM

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Salient Features of MSW Rules, 2000
Responsibility of the Urban Local Body
The Rule designates the Urban Local Bodies as sole responsible to manage solid waste in their area
Prohibits waste to be exposed to open atmosphere;
Prohibits waste disposal by burning (garbage, dry leaves) in open
Collection of MSW
Mandates collection of waste from slums and open squatter areas, hotels/restaurants/office complexes and
commercial areas;
Avoid Manual handling of waste, and ensure that the waste is collected and removed from the municipal
area daily;
Vehicles used for transportation of wastes to be covered;
Bio degradable waste and non bio-degradable waste must be collected in separate bins from source. Waste
bins for biodegradable waste shall be painted ‘Green’, those for storage of recyclable wastes shall be printed
‘White’ and those for storage of other wastes shall be printed ‘Black’:
Construction/demolition wastes/debris to be separately collected and disposed off following proper norms;
Stray animals are to be kept out from the waste storage facilities
Processing of MSW
Recover recyclables from the waste mass before treating for biodegradable portion of the waste;
Treatment of organic waste through biodegradation such as vermi composting,
Disposal of MSW
Municipal body to develop scientifically designed landfill as disposal facility for residues out of waste
processing facilities, as well as pre-processing rejects or unprocessed mixed waste (applicable if the waste is
not fit for any treatment) in a scientifically designed sanitary landfill for a long term of 20 – 25 years.
Site suitability criteria to be ensured for selection of landfill sites
Land filling of mixed waste must be avoided, unless the waste is found unsuitable for waste processing.
Under unavoidable circumstances or till installation of alternate facilities, land-filling shall be done following
proper norms.
Monitoring of Pollution
Municipality to take adequate pollution prevention steps for all its waste
management and handling units
Measures to reduce air pollution typically in case the unit has a waste to
energy units.
Environment Monitoring (ground and surface water, air quality) for waste
handling site
Awareness Programs
The municipality to be engaged in encouraging citizens, by organize awareness
programs for segregation of waste at source and promote recycling or reuse of
segregated materials through community participation programs involving
representatives of local resident welfare associations, community based
organizations(CBOs) and nongovernmental organizations
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
SHEET NO:7
MSW Rules,2000

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Composting
Composting is an organic method of producing compost manure by decomposition and stabilization of organic
matter. Compost is particularly useful as organic manure which contains plant nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorous
and potassium) as well as micro nutrients which can be utilized for the growth of plants.
Composting can be carried out in two ways –
Aerobically (with the presence of oxygen) or
Anaerobically (without the presence of oxygen) or vermi-composting.
Aerobic composting
In aerobic process, aerobic micro-organisms oxidize organic
compounds to carbon dioxide, nitrite and nitrate. This carbon is
used as a source of energy while nitrogen is recycled (high
nitrogen waste will grow bacteria).
Aerobic process needs high maintenance in monitoring air, moisture and high temperatures in the system. Some
of the basic aerobic composting techniques are Indore composting, windrow composting, vermi composting,
in-vessel composting, etc.
INDORE METHOD:
Raw materials:
Mix plant residues, weeds, Urinated Mud, leaves, grass, wood ashes, bran etc.
Size of PIT: Breadth -5-8 feet, Depth-5 feet ( not more than 7 feet),Length -7 feet or more as per requirement.,
Water.
Filling the composting pits:
VERMI-COMPOSTING
Requirements:
Earthworms,Pre digested organic waste,water,concrete floor under
shade.
Construct a pit of 3 x 2 x 1 m size (L x W xD) over ground surface
using bricks. Size of pit may vary as per availability of raw materials
Fill the pit with following four layers:
1st layer – sand or sandy soil of 5-6 cm. This layer helps to drain excess
water from the pit.
2nd layer - paddy straw or other crop residue of 30 cm above 1st layer
which will be used for providing aeration to the pit.
3rd layer - 15 to 30 days old dung over paddy straw layer at a thickness
of 20-30 cm. This helps in initiating microbial activity.
4th layer - pre-digested material about 50 cm.Inoculate earthworm @
1000 worms per square meter area or 10 kg earthworm in 100 kg of
organic matter.Spray water on the bed and gunny bag. Maintain 50-
60% moisture of the pit by periodical water spraying.
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
First of all, spread dry wastes with cattle dung and soil in ratio of 4:2:1 up to 2 inch layer in Composting pit.
Pit is filled with above materials up to 1 foot above the ground level . Afterwards, sprinkle the water over the
materials. One more layer of bedding material with wood ash and urinated mud should be added.
Turning: The material is turned three times for proper aeration and moisture.
First turning :
10-15 days after filling the pits.
Second turning :
15 days after first turning.
Third turning :
After 2 month of second turning
The foundation layer: 10–15 cm long)
The three basic layers
Layer 1: dry plant materials, soil, manure(20-25cm thick)
Layer 2: moist (green) plant materials(20-25cm thick))
Layer 3: dung, horse, mule or donkey manure, sheep, goat or chicken
droppings.(5-10cm)
SHEET NO:8
Treatment Methods of
MSW

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Location:
Suryapet town has historical recognition as ‘Gate Way of Telangana’ in the Indian State of Andhra
Pradesh. It is a Grade One Municipality in Nalgonda District of Andhra Pradesh. Spread over 24 sq
km. Suryapet urban town was constituted during the year 1952, as Grade - III municipality.
Municipality has 34 no. of election wards, 3 no. of Revenue wards. It is also the Revenue
Divisional Head Quarter. It is located at 170-5’ North latitude and 790-37’ East longitude, on the
National High Way No.9 at a distance of 132 Kms east of Hyderabad.
History:
Historically it has no significance of worth mentioning. But Chalukyas, Kaatiya, and finally Nizam
dynasty ruled it. Suryapet Municipality was constituted in the year 1952 as Grade-III
Municipality, which was upgraded into Grade- II Municipality in the year 1984 and to Grade-I on
07-11-1998.The area of the town is 24 Sq.kms.
Topographic features:
The soil in and around the town is hard is hard gravel soil. Elevation of the town varies from + 169
meters to 184 mtrs above main sea level. The natural slope of the town is from North to South.
There are three tanks namely Pulla Reddy Tank, Chowdary Tank and Nallacheruvu Tank in the heart
of the town. Musi left canal passes through the town from west to east irrigating fields in and around
the town. The average ground water table is about 50 feet below ground level.
Solid waste Management:
Prior to 2003, the town suffered from poor sanitary standards. The frequency of garbage collection
was low, resulting in waste spillage around bins. Incidence of disease in the town’s populace was
high. In an effort to clean up the city, the Municipal Commissioner launched a ‘Zero-Based Solid
Waste Management’ initiative13 in early 2003, which was implemented on a phased basis. The key
elements of the initiative were: Source: http:// cdma.telangana.gov.in/Suryapet
Particulars about the town
Year of establishment 1952
Area 24 Sq.Km
Total population(2011 census) 105250
Total Number of households 25,000
Waste generated 62 tones per day
Implementation Strategy
The project was launched in two phases, both of which were implemented for the entire town:
• In January 2003, the municipal council started DTDC, and eliminated community dustbins
(approximately 360 bins). This resulted in significant improvement of the town’s civic
environment.
• From May 2003, a two-bin system was introduced. Nearly 52,000 green and red plastic
bins were distributed free of cost to all residential houses to enable segregation at source.
•The first phase had won the goodwill of the citizens by displaying the Municipality’s
commitment to improving living conditions.
•This facilitated the involvement of households in the implementation of the second phase, that
is, in doing segregation at source .Both these phases were accompanied by an aggressive
public outreach program (further details below) for creating awareness among the citizens and
ensuring their cooperation.
The key elements of the initiative were:
• Introduction of door-to-door (DTDC) collection of garbage.
• Eradication of community dustbins.
• Introduction of segregation at source.
• Installation of treatment and recycling facilities to minimize waste disposal requirements.
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
SHEET NO:9
DESKTOP STUDY-1

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SEGREGATION AT SOURCE:
The pragramme is aimed such that waste collection bins is eliminated. Hence, approximately 360
roadside dustbins have been removed. In the second phase of the project, two bin system has been
introduced at the household level, wherein all the houses have been given two types of bins, one green
and other red by the municipality, at no cost. This is for better source segregation of waste. If the
households wish, the municipality has also offered to give individual households a vermi composting bed
to recycle bio-degradable waste at home.
TRANSPORTATION:
The transportation system has been designed so that the waste is picked up from the wards and is directly
taken to the recycling unit. Motorized three-wheelers are used for collecting waste from households
located on narrow lanes. On larger roads, the tractor is used. Both the tricycle and the tractor have two
compartments, one of which is used for wet Waste and the other for dry waste. The wet waste is
transported to the vermi-composting unit while the dry waste is taken to a recycling unit.
Public Communication Strategies:
The Municipal Council undertook aggressive efforts to generate public awareness and engage the
community. The nature of communication differed for each phase of the project..
PHASE Activity carried out
Phase-1 the message was a part of overall civic awareness. Street meetings were conducted
Phase-2 the campaign focused on segregation. Various communication channels—
distribution of leaflets, publicity in print and electronic media, street plays, pasting
of stickers on the doors of houses,
Institutional Arrangements
Municipal Commissioner
Sanitary INSPECTOR
Workers
Operating System
The town has been divided into seven zones (of approximately 4,000-5,000
households), with one tractor and 30-35 sanitary personnel assigned to each zone
for DTDC. Collection is done directly by tractor-trailers; no tricycles are used.
There is, therefore, minimal manual handling of wastes. Community dustbins
(approximately 360) have been entirely eliminated. To prevent street littering, pole
bins have been installed along footpaths.
Treatment and Disposal
The treatment and disposal site has composting sheds, beds, and a bore well pump.
A shed has also been constructed for further segregation of dry waste. During
treatment and disposal (a) dry waste is further segregated at a recycling shed, and
recyclables are packed and weighed. These are sold to paper and other industries
located in the vicinity; (b) organic waste is vermi-composted and sold to farmers
or used for horticulture purposes; and (c) rejects, debris, and other final waste is
used for leveling purposes.
60 percent of organic waste is composted, and 90 percent recyclable waste is sold
or reused..
Vermi composting of
bio degradable waste
Dump site
Home
Packed and soldRecycling shed
Bagged and sold
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
SHEET NO:10
DESKTOP STUDY-1

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Municipal Solid Waste Management Sheet No:11
Financial Resources
The Suryapet Municipality spent about US$275,555 on cleaning up the town. The money
was spent primarily on equipping the residents with two separate dustbins, constructing the
vermi-compost and recycling sheds, and implementing training and awareness programs.
There was negligible increase in, and hence minimal expenditure on, operational
infrastructure. Apart from its own finances, the Municipality raised money from different
sources such as the Lions Club, industrial houses, and trade associations. The Municipality
implemented the program without any support from the central or state
government
Program Highlights
Achieved high levels of segregation at source.
 Accomplished high landfill diversion rates (60
percent biodegradable waste; 90 percent
recyclables).
 Led to income generation from sale of recyclables
and compost ~ US$1,770 per month.
Generated financial support from local trade and
civic groups.
Segregation of WET & DRY waste in SURYAPET
Segregation of BIO Degradable & NON degradable waste in SURYAPET TRACTOR TRALLY for MSW collection
 Resulted in increased tax collections due to public goodwill generated by program.
Achieved engagement of all stakeholder groups, thereby ensuring smooth implementation.
 Resulted in income generation and improved living conditions for slum population.
 Led to minimal increase in vehicles and manpower.
Source: http://www.indiawaterportal.org/
Kanchrapara(West Bengal)
Kanchrapara was originally built as a township by Indian Railways. Today it has
expanded to include other economic activities as well, primarily small-scale trade and
services. Given municipal status in 1917, the wards in the non-Railway areas are managed
by the Kanchrapara Municipality (KM). The rapid growth of population in the non-
Railway areas had resulted in sharp increase in municipal solid waste (MSW) generation
in these areas. Secondary storage points for MSW (street side vats) were cleared only two
or three times a month, resulting in unhygienic conditions on the streets and in open
spaces. The Municipality was unable to keep the town clean, given its inadequate MSW
infrastructure and resources.
Profile of Town
Location about 48 km. from Kolkata in North
24 Parganas district of West Bengal
Area 3.07 sq. km.
No. of wards 19
Population (2011) 102,000
Quantity of solid waste generated Approximately 40 MT per day
The idea of a participatory approach to solid waste management (SWM) emerged in mid-
2002, in the course of discussions between the Vice Chairman, Kanchrapara
Municipality, and the then Chief Environment Officer, Government of West Bengal.
The inadequacy of financial resources with the Municipality necessitated the development
of a low cost service delivery model that could be implemented by the people themselves.
Based on community involvement. The main elements of the SWM program were:
Introduction of door-to-door collection (DTDC) of garbage against payment of a service
charge.
Constitution of SWM committees at the municipal and ward levels to oversee the SWM
function.
Substitution of community dustbins by mobile trailers.
 Introduction of segregation at source to enable effective treatment of waste.
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
DESKTOP STUDY-2

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Kanchrapara Municipality
Municipal SWM Committee(municipal
councilors and other select nominees)
Ward SWM Committee(oversees all
O&M aspects of the DTDC service,
collection of charges, and maintaining
financial accounts)
Conservancy
department(street sweeping,
drain cleaning, transportation of
garbage composting operations)
Sector(150-180 HH)
1 supervisor
1 worker+Rikshaw
Private contractor
Compost making
INSTITUTIONALARRANGEMENTS :
Implementation Strategy
Launched in December 2002, the program was implemented on a ward wise basis, with the ward of the
Vice Chairman, Kanchrapara Municipality, serving as the pilot. Towards end-January 2003, the
Municipal Board adopted the necessary guidelines to run SWM committees at the municipal and ward
levels. By March 2005, 15 wards (out of 19) had adopted the program. To overcome the initial
reluctance to pay service charges, the new SWM system was operated free of charge for the first two
months in each ward. No ‘willingness to pay’ study, however, was done to arrive at the tariff structure.
Instead, a brief consultation exercise using ‘local wisdom’ led to the formulation of the differentiated
rate structure. The program did not meet with any resistance from the Municipality staff, since there
were no retrenchments under the program.
The Chairman and Vice Chairman were keen to improve the situation and willing to commit municipal
funds for the purpose, with the latter acting as the program champion.
Public communication: For each ward, the initial awareness creation was done primarily through group
meetings in the ward. Once the system was introduced in a particular ward, a campaign mode was
adopted, using posters, school competitions, and even the singing of songs by school children.
Operating System:
Each ward (average population:4,500) is split into four or six sectors; each sector consists of 150-180
Waste Generating Units2 (WGUs). Each sector is assigned one tricycle van accompanied by one waste
collector and one supervisor.
Source: http://www.indiawaterportal.org/
TIMINGS ACTIVITY carried out
Cleaning of main roads done in the Early morning by a team of sweepers
9 to 11 am DTDC in a segregated form
By 12 noon SW deposited in trailers located at specified points in ward.
12 noon to 2 pm Trailers towed by tractor to composting and disposal site .
After unloading, trailers returned to original locations
Financial Resources
Costs associated with DTDC are shared between the Kanchrapara Municipality and
ward-level SWM committees.
Kanchrapara Municipality SWM ward committee
One-time Costs
Two bins per family
Tricycles, bins (large), shovels or
spades
O&M costs for first two months
Awareness creation
Ongoing costs
Wages of workers and supervisors
Repairs and maintenance of tricycles
Replacement of tricycle bins
Gloves, raincoats, umbrellas
Signage's and beautification of vats
 Administrative expenses for committee
Program Cost and Resource Mobilization
In the first two years of operation, the Kanchrapara SWM program has cost
US$66,700(US$44,444 under SFC, US$4,444 under Municipal funds &US$11,044
from Dept. of Environment of State Govt.)and covered 15 of the 19 wards.KM spends
an average of US$4,000 per ward for introducing the program, which include operating
expenses associated with DTDC, initial awareness creation, plus all equipment. Apart
from a small grant from the Department of Environment, there has been no additional
funding for the Municipality.
Program Highlights
High level of public participation and decentralization through ward-level SWM
committees.
Payment of charges by all households, due to transparency and accountability..
Segregation at source— approximately 60 percent.
Cost recovery: Service charges cover the full cost of DTDC.
 Employment generation for 150 workers (50 percent women) from BPL population.
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
SHEET NO:12
DESKTOP STUDY-2

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KANCHRAPARA(WEST BENGAL) SURYAPET(NALGONDA)
DTDC scope 100% 100%
Covered storage 30% No storage
Daily clearance Yes yes
Collection from bulk generators Yes yes
Covered transportation 30-40% partial
Treatment Centralized composting Centralized composting
Recycling Rag pickers scavenging from dump
sites
Centralized recycling center
Disposal Open dumping Open dumping
Emancipation of informal sector Employment generation for DTDC Employment generation for recycling
and treatment
Community participation Very high (through ward committees)
• Compliance
• Segregation at source
• User charges
• Operational control
Average
•Compliance
•Segregation at source
Program cost Approximately US$66,700 for 15 wards
(estimate for full town US$100,000)
Approximately
US$275,500
SUMMARY OF THE TWO DESKTOP STUDIES
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
SHEET NO:13
SUMMARY OF
DESKTOP STUDIES

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1 HISTORY OF THE TOWN:
Jangaon town was constituted as Ill - grade municipality in the year 1953 and functioned its
duties properly. Subsequently in the year 1995, the new government has issued orders
declaring as Nagarpanchayat. The population of the town as per 1991 census is 34,305 and
divided into 20 election wards. By 2001 population rose by 43935.according to 2011
census1,population still increased to 52,394.The town is covered by 9.51 Sq. Kms, situated
on highway from Hyderabad to Warangal having with railway station on the line from
secunderabad to Vijayawada and New Delhi. There are so many industries, colleges and
infrastructural facilities besides many technical training centres. The town is having with all
kinds of major and minor business like rice mills, oil mills, agricultural market committee,
central ware house and all departmental offices at divisional level. The town is centrally
located between Hyderabad — Hanumakonda, Suryapet and Siddipet and Karimnagar road
etc.
The name Jangaon evolved from "Jain gaon" which means village of Jains, a religion of
India. Kolanpak (kulpak) in the Nalgonda district which is about 20 km from Jangaon is a
famous pilgrimage center for Jain people and it has much historical background.
When the Jain religion dominated in India, most of the tourists from different places of India
visited Kulpak. At that time most of the Jains settled in Jangaon, which was called Jaingaon
at that time.
Location
Jangaon town is located at 17°42' North Latitude and 79°09' East Longitude. The town is
situated at a distance of 58 Kms. from Warangal, the district headquarters, on the State
Highway (Hyderabad- Hanamkonda road). It is a Railway Station on the Hyderabad-Kazipet
section of the South Central Railway. The town is the second municipal town in the district of
Warangal.
Climate and Rainfall
Its climate generally tends to be dry and there is not much fluctuation in temperature . About
80% of the annual rainfall is received during the South-West monsoon period which
commences in the later part of June and ends with the month of October. Sandy loams and
clay loams are the types of soils found in and around the town.
Details
Total population 52,394
Male population 26,764
Female population 25,630
area 13.12 sq.km
No of Households 11530
Municipal wards 28
Slums notified 15
Sex ratio 958
Literacy rate 82.39 %
Work Profile
Out of total population, 18,099 were engaged in work or business activity. Of total 18099
working population, 89.20 % were engaged in Main Work while 10.80 % of total workers were
engaged in Marginal Work.
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
Municipal Solid Waste Management -JANGAON SHEET NO:14
CASE STUDY-
INTRODUCTION

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Details
Water Supply Reservoirs 6
Capacity of WS 3.5 MLD
House Service
Connections
3417
Distribution Pipeline(KM) 22Km
Unserved Area 20%
No. of power Bores 35
No. of Hand Bores 318
Details
Pucca Drains(KM) 93
Kutcha Drains(KM) 30
Storm Water Drains(KM) 35
Unserved Area 30%
SANITATION
Garbage GeneratedDay 29 MT
Garbage LiftedDay 22 MT
Roads: CC Roads(KM) is 11.5, BT Roads is 15, Kutcha Roads(KM) is 44 km, Unserved Area 30%
AREAAND DEMOGRAPHY:
Jangaon was first constituted as 3rd grade municipality in the year 1953. The present area of the municipality is
13.12 Sq. Kms. the population of the town as per 1991 is 34,305 and the population as per 2001 census is
43,935.Thus, it may be observed that during 1991 to 2001, the growth rate is
about 18.87% per annum. If we see , Now from 2001 to 2011,population increased from 43935 to 52394.thus,
the growth rate can be 19.09 per cent.
TOPOGRAPHY:
The terrain of the town is almost flat ,with a gentle slope from north to South. This is the reason why drainage
and sewage lines are connected to a village nellutla,which is south to the town.
The area is composed of sandy, black cotton soil with a thickness ranging 2m to 3m.
HYDROLOGICAL CONDITIONS:
The area is characterized by sand strata, which is fine to medium ground Ground water occurs in confined
conditions from 30 to 40 meters. The groundwater is being tapped by means of bore wells in the area, depth of
which tango from 30 to 40 m, and depth of the water table varies between 10 and 2() m, and the yield of the
bore wells is about 5,000 Iph.
The Ground water available in this area is not potable as they are unfit for human consumption.
CLIMATE AND RAINFALL:
The climate of the town is characterized by a hot summer. Its climate generally tends to be dry and there Is not
much fluctuation in temperature. The mean daily maximum temperature is 42°C and means daily minimum
temperature Is 28"
80% of the Rainfall is received during the south-west monsoon period Which
commence in later part of July and ends with the month of October. The normal
rainfall is about 40 Cms which is far below than the district i.e,60 Cms per
Annum. Sandy loams and clay loams are types of soil present in the town.
ECONOMIC BASE OF THE TOWN
GENERAL: The Jangaon town is main commercial centre for a region covering
about 45 villages in Surrounding to Jangaon Town. These Villages depend upon
Jangaon town. For marketing their agricultural produce and for procuring Their
consumer needs.
ROLE AND FUNCTION OF THE TOWN IN RELATION TO THE
ECONOMY OF THE REGION:
Jangaon is a main trade centre in Warangal District. The weekly fair, the cloth
market and the cattle fair are being held on every Saturday and attended by about
one lakh people from all parts of the Warangal District and from some part of the
East Godavari District. The town serves as a retail, as well as whole sale market
for all consumer needs. There is an agricultural market yard for marketing the
agricultural produce brought from the surrounding villages. The APSRTC is
operating its bus services to places like Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Vijayawada,
Siddipet, Suryapet etc. daily from Jangaon.
Trade
Jangaon town serves as an outlet for marketing the Agriculture produce of its
hinterland. There are so many industries located in the town. The town is having
with all kinds of Major and minor business like Rice Mills, Oil Mills,
Agricultural Market Committee, Central Ware House.
Educational and Medical Facilities:
There are Sixteen primary & high schools four degree colleges, four engineering
& 3 pharmacy colleges and Junior colleges in the Jangaon town which serve the
need of the higher education in the town. The Government Hospital located in the
town has a bed strength 100 beds. Besides, Private hospitals & Nursing homes
are run by private medical Practitioners.
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
Municipal Solid Waste Management -JANGAON
Source: Jangaon Municipality
SHEET NO:15
CASE STUDY-
INTRODUCTION

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From the side graph,we can see that 92% of the structures in the Case study are Residential where as Commercial
structures comprises about 7% of total structures.Institutional,Public & Semi public structures contribute about 1% of
total structures.Industrial structures are Negotiable(below 1%).
Total waste generated in the municipality per day is 29 MT/Day.
Ward 1 has the Industrial Estate which Comprises of the Industries like Cotton Mills, Mattress making,Rexine works
,Welding for Automobiles and Rice Mills.
Ward 13,11 are the Top populous Wards in Municipality.
Ward 27 is comprised of Agriculture market yard and ware house.
Ward 17 has a Agriculture market which runs daily.
Per capita waste generation in the municipality is 0.453 kg/day.
MSW Generation in Jangaon municipality
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
Type of Land use No of Structures
Residential 8137
Commercial 578
Inst,Pub&Semi Pub 82
Industrial 18
Total 8815
486
526
293
463
432 454
352
425
363 358
503
415
523
335
483
408 399
473
398
356 363 369
458
298
475 474
281
367
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
No of Households
No of Households
2406 2297
1817 1759 1689 1714 1831 1701
1847 1748
3439
2262
3495
1603 1533
1711 1695
1531 1634 1624 1579 1651 1718
1506
1691 1648 1604 1661
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
WARD POPULATION
Population
Sources of MSW in the Municipality
73%
8%
6%
13%
Sources of Waste
residentail commercial Inst,pub&Semi Industrial
19
2 1.5
3.5
Amount of Waste Generated(MT/day)
Type of land use
92%
7%
1% 0%
Typology of Structures
3185
2540
823.101
398
765.117776.442
1301
770.553
936
791.844
1884
1024.686
1583.235
726.159694.449
775.083
1007
419 344
735.672715.287747.903778.254
682.218
766.023746.544
2213
1052
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28
Waste Generated
Waste Generated
From the Pie chart, we can see that almost 3/4th i.e.73% of the
total waste generated is Residential Waste where as Industrial
waste contributes about 13% of total Municipal solid waste in
the case study area.8% of the total waste is Commercial
waste.6% of the total Municipal solid waste is Institutional &
Public, Semi public waste.
SHEET NO:16
MSW Generation in
CASE STUDY

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Ward 22 Govt Area hospital
Ward 11 Near mini stadium
Ward 24 Railway station
Ward 16 Police station
Ward 17 Amma bai
Ward 5 Kurumawada
Ward 27 Sangam
Ward 1 Ambedkar nagar
Ward 6 Bus stand
Ward 7 Krishna kala mandir
Ward 23 Geetha nagar,ABV degree college
Ward 27 Grain market
Capacity of the bin is 1.5 Ton
Collection of MSW in Jangaon Municipality
Type of vehicle No’s Workers
Tractors 6 4 workers along with a Driver
Autos 3 2 workers along with a Driver
DCM 1 One worker and a Driver
Rickshaw 28 Puller cum worker
Dumper Bin 1 Driver
Municipal Street sweepers 136 Contract workers
Total workers 175
Particulars of Vehicles for MSW Collection
There are 12 dustbins in the town.
Households/Commercial/Industrial
structures
Door to Door collection( Rickshaws)
Tractors(Autos transfer waste to
tractors)
Autos(DTD waste is
transferred to Autos)
Dumper BinDump yard(located 7kms
away from town)
COLLECTION MECHANISM
One rickshaw is allotted for one ward i.e,28
rickshaws for 28 wards.
For every colony, Municipality provided
information regarding Sanitary Inspector and
Rickshaw worker. Mobile numbers of the
authorities & Municipal workers is provided on
the walls.
Out of Total 70.5 Kms road network,each
sweeper sweeps 518 meters per day.
Tractors Dumper bin
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
SHEET NO:17
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
MSW Collection in CASE
STUDY

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K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
Municipal Commissioner
Sanitary INSPECTOR
PRP(Project Report Persons)
Workers
INSTITUTIONAL MECHANISMS
Particulars of Vehicular Trips for MSW :
Type of vehicle No’s No of trips
Tractors 6 6 Trips/day
Autos 3 28 Trips/day
DCM 1 1 Trip/day
Rickshaw 28 28trip/day
Dumper Bin 1 1 trip/day
Information of MSW workers
Champak hills
Dumping yard
7 KM
DUMPING YARD
Dumping yard is located near CHAMPAK HILLS which is away from the town by 7 KM
on SH9( Jangaon-Siddipet ).
Dumping site is of the area 7 Acres where municipal waste is dumped on land without
treatment.
Municipal Dump yard
Dump Yard
FINANCIAL ASPECTS OF THE MUNICIPALITY
Total allocated budget for MSWM is
1.8 Crores-Wages of Municipal workers/Annum
6 lakhs-maintainance of Vehicles/Annum
Diesel expenses of vehicles1.5 lakh per month
6 lakhs for Miscellaneous costs
Total costs for MSWM in the municipality are 2.10 crores.
SHEET NO:18
Institutional
Mechanism in CASE
STUDY

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Characteristics
Knowledge of chemical characteristics of waste is essential in determining the efficacy of any
treatment process. Chemical characteristics include (i) chemical; (ii) bio-chemical; and (iii)
toxic. Chemical: Chemical characteristics include pH, Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium (N-
P-K), total Carbon, C/N ratio, and calorific value.
No specific study has been carried out for chemical analysis of the waste
Type of Waste
S.no Waste type Amount of
Watse(MT)
% in Total Waste
1 Paper and card
board
1.45 5%
2 Plastics 1.67 6%
3 Rags 1.45 5%
4 Glass,Metals 4.17 14%
5 Rubber/Leathers 4.35 15%
6 Sand&Earth 2.9 10%
7 Compostable
matter
13.05 45%
Activity Whether carried out in Study area or not
Storage The waste is stored in the household and in
the shops until it is collected by door to door
collector
Collection Door to door collection method is adopted in
municipality
Recyclable waste is not segregated at
household or Community level in the
municipality
Sweeping Gloves and Footwear are not provided for
workers protection
Transfer and Transport
.
The waste collected in the pushcarts and
rickshaws from lanes an meet at
Synchronisation point and the waste is
transferred from pushcart to the truck
All kinds of waste material is lifted into the
Truck
All trucks have mesh covering,none have
polythene covering
No segregation of waste in intermediate
station
Process No processing carried out prior to disposal
Disposal Disposal site in Champakh hills
Waste burnt emitting toxic fumes and causing
air pollution
Waste is dumped in heaps causing scattering
Soil contamination
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
Source: Secondary Data, Jangaon Municipality
Overview of MSWM in Jangaon Municipality
SHEET NO:19Municipal Solid Waste Management -JANGAON
Overview of MSWM
in Case study

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4 Persons/HH 22
<4 Persons/HH 26
5 & >5 Persons/HH 38
26%
30%
44%
size of HH
4
<4
5 and >5
35%
52%
13%
INCOME of HH
4k-10k
>10k-20k
>20k-40k
4 K to 10K 30
>10K to 20K 44
>20K& Above 11
Availability of Dustbins
Unavailability of Dust bins 65
Availability of Dustbins 20
76%
24%
Unavailability of Dustbins
Observation:
Out of all the samples,44% HH are having 5 & above
5 persons and 30% HH are having <4 persons and
26% are having 4 persons per household.
Thus we can say that the average Household size in
Case study is greater than National average
Household size.
Observation:
52% of samples falls under range of 10-20
Thousand monthly income category.11% samples
falls above the range of 20 thousand per month
income.From this we can say that MSW charges
can be collected officially.
Observation
Size of Household
INCOME PER HOUSEHOLD
76% of samples do not has a Dustbin for disposing
their garbage.. This says that there is a scope
for provision of Municipal dustbins in the
unserved areas.
T
Vehicle used for MSW collection
Rickshaws 58
Auto Trolleys 27 32%
68%
Vehicle for MSW collection
Auto trolly
Rikshaw
Observation
68% households waste is collected &
transported by Rickshaws while other 32% are
collecetd by auto trolleys.. This says that the
coverage is 100% in the Municipality.
32%
68%
Frequency of Street sweeping
Irregular
Daily
Irregular Frequency 27
Daily 58
Frequency of Street sweeping
Observation
68% samples streets get sweeped daily while other
32% are at irregular intervals.. . This says that
street sweeping is not carried out frequently in
Municipality.
42%
58%
Problems faced due to MSW
faced problem
didn't any face problem
Faced Problems 36
Did not face any problem 49
Problems due to MSW:
69%
31%
Complaints on MSWM
didn't complain
Complained to Authorities
Complaints on MSWM:
Complained to SI 26
Didn’t complain 59
Observation
Observation
31% i.e 26 samples out of 85 samples has a
complaint regarding Municipal solid waste & its
management..
42% i.e 36 samples out of 85 samples has accepted
that they faced problems due to Municipal solid
waste & its management. We can say that people
facing problems due to Solid waste i.e. Mosquito
breeding, Bad odor
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
ANALYSIS

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54%
31%
7%
8%
Redressal of complaints
within one day
1-2 days
>2 days
Not yet Redressed
Redressed within one day 14
Redressed within 1-2 days 8
Redressed within >2days time 2
Not yet redressed 2
REDRESSAL OF COMPLAINTS FROM
PUBLIC
Aware of PRP’s 19
Don’t know PRP’s 66
22%
78%
Awareness on PRP's
Aware of PRP's
Un aware of PRP's
AWARENESS REGARDING PRP’S
76%
24%
Aware of SWM worker for Colony
Aware of SWM worker
Unaware of SWM worker
AWARENESS REGARDING MSW WORKERS
Aware of Workers 65
Unaware about workers 20
78% lack awareness about Project reporting persons
who are a key persons in taking initiatives of
Municipality regarding MSWM.Municipal
Authorities such as Commissioner, Sanitary
Inspector should keep meetings of PRP’s within
specified intervals.Thus we can improve the
interaction between Public and PRP group which
will eventually lead to increase in awareness
regarding Municipal Solid Waste Management.
Despite of writing on walls & making public
aware,24% lack awareness about their
respective Colony MSW street worker.
As alredy seen,out of 26 complaints given, 54%
complaints are being redressed within one day while
31% gets redressed within 1-2 days.while 8%
complaints got yet to be redressed. This says that
the SLB has to reach Service Level Benchmark for
Redressed.
ISSUES IDENTIFIED:
In the study area, there is no segregation of wastes at Source i.e(Household level)
There are 4 locations in wards 3,9,21,27,where the MSW is not carried properly by
Municipal workers.
Existing Municipal dustbins are not cleared properly in time intervals.
Although the Door to Door collection municipal solid waste is 100%,the Street sweeping
is not done daily.
From the analysis, it can be emphasized that 46% of the complaints are redressed with
time being taken above one day.
Municipality has set up a mechanism called PROJECT REPORTING PERSONS groups
which are not active.
From primary analysis, we can see that Majority of the public are not aware of PRP
groups.
PRP groups are inactive in all the wards.
No Transfer station in the municipality. Waste is transferred on the roads from rickshaws
to tranctors,tractors to dumper bin.
Illegal fees is charged on public for Municipal solid waste Collection by MSW workers.
Collected MSW is not Scientifically treated.
MSW in the study area is Openly dumped which emphasises that there would be
Environmental issues due to Open dumping .
Burning of the Municipal Solid waste at the Dumping Yard
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
ANALYSIS

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K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
ISSUES

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STRENGTH
1) Door to Door collection is available
2) Street sweeping is properly carried out by municipality
3) Institutional framework of PRP groups for every ward
4) Rickshaw for every ward.
5) Institutional framework like providing MSW workers information. For every ward.
6) Residential waste constitutes maximum share of the municipal solid waste generation.
7) Availability of dustbins at Key points in the town
WEAKNESS
1) No segregation at household level is carried out
2) Unavailability of Dustbins at some places of Town
3) PRP groups are not active
4) No Treatment of MSW is done
5) Open Dumping
6) No separate charges for MSW
OPPORTUNITY
1) Provision of Dustbins for Garbage Collection
2) Treatment of MSW can be done at Dumping yard
3) Segregation of MSW at Household level
THREAT
1) Effects of MSW dumping yard over GEETHAASHRAM
2) No Buffer zone for Dumping yard
3) Diseases due to Untreated waste
4) Contamination of Soil due to open dumping of Municipal solid waste.
5) Bio waste is also dumped along with the MSW.
PROPOSALS:
1) Provision of 2 Dustbins for every Household in order to segregate the Municipal solid
waste at Household level.
2) Provision of Municipal Dustbins for every ward.
3) Collecting separate charges for MSWM
4) Active participation of PRP’s in the MSWM
5) Composting of the waste has to set up.
6) Inorganic waste should be recycled
WEAKNESS PROPOSAL/STRATEGY TIME PERIOD
No segregation at household level is
carried out
Provision of two Dustbins RED &
GREEN for Organic and Inorganic
wastes.
Immediate
Provision of Municipal Dustbins for
every ward
Provision of dustbins for the wards which
don’t have a Municipal Dustbin.
16 Dustbins are to be provided .
Immediate
No Treatment of MSW Provision of vermi Composting for the
Treatment of MSW
Short term
Open Dumping Sanitary Landfill for disposal of
Inorganic waste
Short term
Inactive PRP groups PRP Meetings should be held weekly.
Concessions in SWM charges for active
members
Short term
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
PROPOSALS:
SWOT,PROPOSALS

Key plan
Legend
Title of the sheet:
Scale:
Orientation:
1,CENTRALISED Treatment of MSW(Vermi composting)
The Municipality produces around 13 MT of Organic compostable wastes per Day.In order to utilize the
waste and turning it into manure,we are going to install Vermi Composting beds which are 13 in number
where each bed composts 1 ton of organic waste with one KG of earthworms in each bed.
Requirements:
Earthworms,Pre digested organic waste,water,concrete floor under shade.
Construct a pit of 3 x 2 x 1 m size (L x W xD) over ground surface using bricks. Size of pit may vary as
per availability of raw materials
Fill the pit with following four layers:
1st layer – sand or sandy soil of 5-6 cm. This layer helps to drain excess water from the pit.
2nd layer - paddy straw or other crop residue of 30 cm above 1st layer which will be used for providing
aeration to the pit.
3rd layer - 15 to 30 days old dung over paddy straw layer at a thickness of 20-30 cm. This helps in
initiating microbial activity.
4th layer - pre-digested material about 50 cm.Inoculate earthworm @ 1000 worms per square meter area or
10 kg earthworm in 100 kg of organic matter. Spray water on the bed and gunny bag. Maintain 50-60%
moisture of the pit by periodical water spraying.
K.Ravi varma,
11011ba019,
B.Tech(Planning),
viii Sem
JNAFAU,SPA
Jawaharlal Nehru
University
2.SEGREGATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE at HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
Provision of Red and Green dustbins for the segregation of municipal solid waste at the
household level.This helps in dividing the Organic and Inorganic wastes at the initial
stage of collection of waste.Segregation helps in sending organic wastes for Treatment
plant easily.
There are 11530 Households in the Municipality.This requires around 23,060 Dustbins.
3.PROVISION OF COMMUNITY DUSTBINS
Provision of Municipal Community Dustbins in 5 wards viz,2,3,21,27 which are
problematic by open dumping in the respective localities. This requires 5
community dustbins with the capacity of 1.5MT
4.INACTIVE PRP GROUPS
Project Reporting Persons meeting has to be held every week so that common
people gets involved in the Development process.PRP groups can educate people
over MSWM issues related to public. This increases the awareness among public
regarding MSW programmes and increases public participation in MSWM.
5.UNOFFICIAL COLLECTION OF MSWM CHARGES.
Strict actions are to be taken on the workers who collect charges such that nobody
commits the mistake. This can be achieved by active Project Reporting Persons.
COSTING FOR VERMI COMPOSTING BEDS:
S.no PARTICULARS QUANTITY RATE(RS.) AMOUNT(RS.)
1 Wooden ballies 20 50 1000
2 Wooden 25 60 1500
3 Shade mats for covering the roof 125 25 3125
4 Binding wires for tying wooden ballies&
mats
20kg 50 1000
5 Labour charges for erection of sheds 20 100 2000
6 Shovels,spades,crowbars,ironbaskets 2500
7 Organic waste
8 Worms @3kg per ton 35 kg 90 3150
9 Formation of vermin bed with Solid waste
and worms
20 bed 250 5000
8150
Cost for 13 cycles 105950 rs.
Source: Integrated watershed management program, Gujarat
PROPOSALS,
COSTING

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