With the recent advancement of the Internet of Things (IoT), it is now possible to process a large number of sensor data streams using different large-scale IoT platforms. These IoT frameworks are used to collect, process and analyse data streams in real-time and facilitate provision of smart solutions designed to provide decision support. Existing IoT-based solutions are mainly domain-dependent, providing stream processing and analytics focusing on specific areas (smart cities, healthcare etc.). In the context of agri-food industry, a variety of external parameters belonging to different domains (e.g. weather conditions, regulations etc.) have a major influence over the food supply chain, while flexible and adaptive IoT frameworks, essential to truly realize the concept of smart farming, are currently inexistent. In this presentation, we propose Agri-IoT, a semantic framework for IoT-based smart farming applications, which supports reasoning over various heterogeneous sensor data streams in real-time. Agri- IoT can integrate multiple cross-domain data streams, providing a complete semantic processing pipeline, offering a common framework for smart farming applications. Agri-IoT supports large-scale data analytics and event detection, ensuring seamless interoperability among sensors, services, processes, operations, farmers and other relevant actors, including online information sources and linked open datasets and streams available on the Web.

1. Agri-IoT: A semantic framework for IoT-
enabled Smart Farming Applications
^ Unit for Reasoning, Querying and
Stream Processing
Insight Centre for Data Analytics,
National University of Ireland,
Galway
Andreas Kamilaris*, Feng Gao^, Francesc X. Prenafeta-Boldu* ́, Ali Intizar^
World Forum IoT, Reston, VA, USA- December 12-14, 2016
* GIRO Joint Research Unit
IRTA-UPC
Barcelona, Spain

2. Nowadays Sensors are almost Everywhere
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• Cheap and Light-weight
Sensors
• Easy Installation
• Sensors embedded into
different devices
• Varying from a smart phone
to heavy machinery.
2
Images Source: google.com
IoT-Forum 2016, Reston, VA

3. Sensors for Smart Farming
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• In smart farming, mostly
environmental sensors are
deployed
• Weather, Wind Speed, Soil
Moisture Level, Temperature
etc.
• Animal Health Monitoring
• Biodegradeable Sensors
3IoT-Forum 2016, Reston, VA

4. Data Streams are Everywhere
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• Sensors produce
enormous amount of data
• Mostly in a streaming
fashion
• High velocity
• Data needs to be
harnessed and analysed
effectively
4IoT-Forum 2016, Reston, VA

5. Smart Farming Applications
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6. Smart Farming: An Overview
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7. Smart Farming IoT Data Analytic Platforms
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• Different IoT Platforms
for Smart Farming have
been proposed
• Mostly commercial
products
• Support to collect and
store data in the cloud
• Visualization and
Dashboards for analytics
IoT-Forum 2016, Reston, VA

8. IoT Platforms for Smart Farming: An Eco-System
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9. Key Data Challenges
• High variability of data in the agri-food domain
• Data combination and information fusion is a taunting task
• Variable Observation Rates
• Un-Predictability
• Platforms Heterogeneity
• Silos Architectures
• Description of data is very poor – lack of semantics.
• High volumes of data – low availability of big data real-time
analytics tools.
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10. Potential Achievements using Agri-IoT Platforms
• Precision agriculture:
• Improves productivity
• Reduce resource consumption
• Environmental impact
• Real-time Data Analytics
• On-demand data integration
• Real-time event detection systems
• Alert and notification generation
• Predictive Analytics
• Data analytics techniques to predict events
• Provide support for pattern analysis
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11. Agri-IoT: Real-time Data Analytics Platform
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• Integration of heterogeneous IoT data streams
• Provision of data processing pipeline for real-time data
analytics
• Support for innovative smart farming applications
IoT-Forum 2016, Reston, VA

12. Agri-IoT: Real-time Data Analytics Platform
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13. Agri-IoT: Software Components
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• Flexible Modular
Components
• API based Access
• Plug and play support for
different components
• Semantic based
reasoning and event
detection
• Scalability in a distributed
infrastructure
IoT-Forum 2016, Reston, VA

14. Agri-IoT: Software Components
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• Reusability of Components
– Data wrapper: (source: CityPulse)
– Device manager: (source: FIWARE IoT Back-end)
– Discovery module: (source: FIWARE IoT Edge)
– Data aggregation: (source: IoT-A)
– Data federation: (source: CityPulse)
– Event detection: (source: CityPulse)
– Real-time adaptive reasoning: (source: CityPulse)
– External agent: (source: Agri-IoT)
– Dashboard: (source: ThingSpeak, freeboard)
– Mobile Apps: (source: MapYourMeal, FoodLoop)
– Knowledge base: (source: OpenIoT)
IoT-Forum 2016, Reston, VA

15. Agri-IoT: Semantic Annotation
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• SSN Ontology for Sensor Data Representation
• OWL-S for Service Description
• AgroVoC, Agri Ontology Service and AgOnt
IoT-Forum 2016, Reston, VA

16. Scenario 1: Fertility Management
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• Monitoring Breeding
Cycle
• Pre-mating Heat
Detection
• Real-time Monitoring
major milestones
• Prediction for resource
requirements
• Future production
forecasting
IoT-Forum 2016, Reston, VA

17. Scenario 1: Fertility Management
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• A single farm of 1,000
cows.
• Periodic heat detection
using wearable sensors
• Automated selection of
cows in the age-range of
18 to 30 months.
• Real-time event detection
and notification systems
IoT-Forum 2016, Reston, VA

18. Scenario 2: Soil Fertility
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• Soil Composition
Monitoring
• Soil Index
• Salinity
• Moisture
• Real-time Observation
Monitoring
• Integration with External
Sources e.g. weather,
rainfall etc.
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19. Scenario 2: Soil Fertility
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• Real-time Alert
Notification System
• Water Management
• Right Time for cultivation
• Fertilization
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20. Conclusion
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• Agri-IoT offers real-time data analytics for smart farming
applications.
• Deployed a tested in medium-to-large farms (100-300
sensors deployed at the field).
• Tested for performance and scalability for real-time stream
processing and reasoning, based on IoT and semantic web
technologies
• Can help farmers in decision making and fast reactions to
events happening.
• A platform for innovation using Agri Data.
IoT-Forum 2016, Reston, VA