The impact of Indian scholarships on Afghan scholars in Gujarat

Group “A”
Bachelor of Business Administration
JG Institute of Business Administration
Academic Year: 2015-18
Under the Supervision of Asst. Prof. Hitesh Harwani
Submitted to Gujarat University
Department of Management
THE IMPACT OF INDIAN SCHOLARSHIPS ON
AFGHAN SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
Nurturing Future Generation

 Abstract
 Introduction
 Rationale of the Study
 Research Context
 Research Objectives
 Literature Review
 Research Hypothesis
 ICCR Scholarship Scheme in Brief:
 Research Methodology
 Respondents’ Profile
 Key Findings
 Discussions and Findings
 Problems & Recommendations
 Implication of the Study
 Conclusion
 Scope For Future Study
 Bibliography
 Appendix
Table of Contents:
3/25/2018THE IMPACT OF INDIAN
SCHOLARSHIPS ON AFGHAN
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
2

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• The present study aims to investigate the impact of Indian scholarships on Afghan scholars
specifically in Gujarat; intended to explore and assess scholars’ overall academic
performance with cause-effect and to evaluate the reasons behind why scholars fail. The
study is administered on 150 scholars pursuing bachelors from five major cities in Gujarat,
using a judgmental sampling from three foremost streams. Analysis were carried out using
both descriptive i.e., bivariate analysis and inferential statistics applying non-parametric tests
using α=0.05 with 95% confidence level. The results revealed that the allocation of time for
study, level of English and interest in current field were the main determinants affecting the
overall academic performance of scholars. Nevertheless, satisfaction have had dramatic
impact on their academic abilities, too. Results further disclosed that the correlation
coefficient among the independent variables varied between rs=0.276 being the lowest
positive correlation to 0.658 and a negative correlation of rs=-0.633 to rs=-0.686 with the
significance value of ρ<0.05 ranging from 0.0005 to 0.004. Prior to the findings we
hypothesized that scholars are not given to the stream they selected in their scholarship form,
but the actual scenario was different.
Abstract:

• At present, getting a higher education is a dream for both men and women in
Afghanistan.
• The HDI of Afghanistan is still 0.479 which comes under the low human
development category, in Asia.
• India grants 1,000 scholarships each year, becoming the number one destination for
Afghan scholars.
• Most of the scholars acquire scholarships not based on merit but on sprawled
corruption.
• Scholars show no interest in their current field of study having low level in English
resulting into frequent failure in exams.
Introduction:
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• The rationale behind this study is contributed to the fact that no study has been done
to explain the reasons of scholars’ failure in examination in Gujarat. This study is the
first qualitative and quantitative analysis attempt to identify the impact of Indian
scholarship on Afghan scholars’ academics as well as career.
Rationale of the Study:

• Students who don’t have proper understanding of English neither Hindi language are
given scholarship which has led to massive impact resulting into failure in their
examinations.
• Prior to the selection of stream, most of the scholars are unaware and some are
confused which stream to study abroad the reason is obvious inappropriate
distribution in which this study is intended to study the cause-effects.
Research Context:
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• The study aims to analyze the factors affecting the scholars’ overall academic performances, achievements,
satisfaction and interest from their current field of study. Nevertheless, the purpose of this study is to
identify the reasons of why scholars feel reluctant to return back to Afghanistan.
• The study is intended predominantly to assess scholars’ following academic areas;
o English proficiency Level.
o Exam Results with number of Backlogs (ATKTs).
o Academic Respective Abilities.
o Interest in their respective fields.
o Level of Satisfaction and
o Time allocation for study.
Research Objective(s):
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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Year Title Author(s),
Editor(s)
Objective(s) of the Study Variables of
the Study
Findings of the Study
2012 International
Students’
Adjustment
Problems and
Behaviors
Jerry G.
Gebhardd, EdD
Intended to study the
adjustment problems that
international students have
while they study in university
in the United States, as well as
the adjustment behavior they
use while faced with these
problems.
Academic
Problems
The findings probed that the
main determinant problems
that international students
faced were difficulties in (1)
academics including
academic reading as a major
one, academic language
problems, (2) Difficulties in
social interaction and (3)
Difficulties in handling
emotions.
Literature Review:

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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Year Title Author(s),
Editor(s)
Objective(s) of the Study Variables of
the Study
Findings of the Study
2018 Exploring the
relationship among
international students’
English self-efficacy,
using English to learn
self-efficacy, and
academic self-efficacy
Chih-hsuan Wang,
Jamie Harrison,
Victoria Cardullo,
& Xi Lin
To examine the
relationships among three
aspects of self-efficacy:
English self-efficacy, self-
efficacy in using English to
learn and academic self-
efficacy for non-English
native speaking
international students.
English Self-
Efficacy for
Listening,
Speaking,
Reading and
Writing, English
Self-Efficacy,
using English to
Learn Self-
Efficacy and
Academic Self-
Efficacy.
The study probed that non-
native English speaking
international students’ use
of English to learn self-
efficacy acts as a mediator
between a students’
English self-efficacy and
his or her academic self-
efficacy. Non-native
English language speaking
international students’
English self-efficacy
predicts their self-efficacy
in using English language
to learn, and then predicts
their academics their
academic self-efficacy.

• H1: Scholars’ time allocation for studying/reading has influence on their examination
results.
• H2: Examination result is not independent of interest in current field (exam result
and interest are related).
• H3: Scholars’ interest in streams and their current field of study are not independent
(are related).
• H4: There is significant difference between scholars’ level of English and their
academic respective abilities.
• H5: There is a positive correlation between scholars’ level of English and exam
result.
Research Hypothesis:
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• H6: There is statistically significant difference between scholars’ backlogs (ATKTs)
and the interest in their current field of study
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• Founded by: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (11 November 1888 – 22 February 1958)
• Founded in: 1950
• Indian government announced 1,000 scholarships for Afghan students each year until
the end of 2020.
• Sources of Granting Scholarships in Afghanistan:
1. Through Embassy
2. Kankor (entrance exam) Results
3. NGO
4. Univeristy
ICCR Scholarship Scheme in Brief:

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• Procedure for Selecting Candidate:
1. Through Embassy:
a. Announcing Scholarships
b. Inviting Candidates
c. General Test 1
d. General English Test 2
e. Inviting Passed Candidates to fill
up forms.

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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2. Kankor:
a. Highest Marks Scorers
3. NGO:
a. Suggesting Scholars to the Embassy
4. University
a. Students who are in their first or second year having highest percentages in
their academics are granted scholarships. (Without testing their English
Proficiency)

• The research study is both qualitative and quantitative with explanatory approach;
administered on 150 Afghan scholars from three foremost streams viz., Science, Arts and
Commerce, including BBA, BA, B.E and BCA
• The study has been conducted in Gujarat’s 7 major cities viz., Ahmedabad, Surat, Anand,
Vasad, Vadodra, Rajkot and Gandhinagar.
• Non-probability, judgmental sampling techniques has been used.
• Both primary and secondary data collection has been used.
• A collective questionnaire technique has been used as research instrument.
Research Methodology:
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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Variables (concepts) considered for the study:
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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1.Dependent
Variables
Exam results
Number of
backlogs (ATKTs).
Academic
respective abilities.
1.Independent
Variable
English proficiency
level.
Interest in scholars’
respective fields.
Controllable
Variables
Level of
satisfaction and
Time allocation for
study.

Operationalization of Research Concepts:
No. Concepts Indicators Variables Decision Level
1. Academic Achievements Academic
Performance
Certificates
Ranks
Awards
Field Respective
Within top 50
Academic
2. Average Exam Result Classes Average Exam
Result
Pass (regardless of
ATKTs)
Second Class
First Class
Distinction
3. Interest in Subjects Academic
Subjects
- Thirteen major Subjects
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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4. Academic Respective Abilities
BBA BA BCA BE
Skills
Accounts Interpersonal and Soft Skills Fundamentals of Computer Physics
Interpersonal and Soft Skills Reading and Writing Skills Internet and HTML Mathematics & Calculus
Business Plan Analytical Skills C Programing Languages Field Respective
Knowledge
Financial Aptitude Research Skills Object Oriented
Programming using C++
Operation Research &
Optimization Techniques
Financial Planning Data Analysis Skills Java ERP
Awareness about the Global Economy Presentation Skills Analysis and Designing
Communication Skills
Number Aptitude Cultural and Civic Skills Visual Basic Aptitude Skills
Business Statistics Critical Thinking DBMS. Advance Technical `Problem-
Solving Skills
Overall Management Awareness about Political issues Data Communication and
Networking
Creativity
Business Mathematics Awareness about Global
Economy
PHP
Ability to Memorize
Leadership Qualities Economics Mobile Apps Development Ability to Ask Whys
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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1. Gender: 2. Age: 3. Scholars’ Current Field
of study:
Respondent’ Profile:
90.7% 9.3%
26%
72%
2%
0%
16-20 21-25 26-30 Above 30
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
BE BCA BBA BA
79
14
45
12
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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4. Sources from which
Scholars were Sent:
5. English Proficiency Level 6. Reasons Why
Scholars left Afghanistan
University
25%
NGO/ Any
Government
Corporation
3%
Based on
Kankor
33%
Directly Exam
Taken by
Embassy/Cou
nsel
39%
CHART TITLE
20
36
28
14
1.3
0.7
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
Beginner
Elementary
Pre-Intermediate
Intermediate
Upper-Intermediate
Advance
Very Advance
66%
7%
13%
8%
2%
1%
3%
6%
Better Education Political Instability
Family Pressure Pressure from University
Job Opportunity Enjoyment
Not Certain
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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7. Scholars’ Previous
Stream of Study:
8. Scholars’ Interested
Stream:
9. Academic Achievements:
26
11
48
65
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
No Art Commerce Science
7%
48%
45%
Arts Commerce Science
120
20 2 3 5
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
Academic Achievements
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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10. Time Allocation for
Study:
11. Scholars’Average Exam
Results in the Previous
Semesters:
12. Average Scholars’
Academic Abilities:
11%
54%
14%
16%
5%
None One Hour
Two Hours Three Hours
More than Three Hours
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Pass Second Class First Class Distinction
77
50
16
7
FREQUENCY
CLASS BASED RESULTS
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Very Poor Poor Average Good Excellent
23
105
9 12
1
Frequency
Scholars' Ability Rating
Average Academic Respective Abilities of Scholars
Bar Chart

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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13. Scholars’ Plans for
Future:
26%
18%
5%7%
35%
9%
Future Plans of Scholars
Pie Chart
White Collar Job Start My Own Business Software Developer
Academician Not Certain Further Studies

• Hypothesis 1: Scholars’ time allocation for studying/reading has no influence on
their examination results:
Spearman’s rho Correlation
Key Findings:
Average Exam
Result in the
Previous Semesters
How much time have
you allotted for
study?
Spearman's
rho
Average Exam Result in
the Previous Semesters
Correlation Coefficient 1 .658**
Sig. (2-tailed) . .000
N 150 150
How much time have
you allotted for study?
Correlation Coefficient .658**
1
Sig. (2-tailed) .000 .
N 150 150
Source: SPSS Bivariate Analysis Spearman’s rho
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• Hypothesis 2: Exam result is independent of interest in current field (exam result
and interest are not related).
Chi Square Test Results
Value Df
Asymptotic
Significance (2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 13.349a 3 .004
Likelihood Ratio 14.716 3 .002
Linear-by-Linear Association 12.262 1 .000
N of Valid Cases 150
a. 2 cells (20.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected count is 3.13.
Source: SPSS Cross Tabs Chi Square Results
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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Value
Asymptotic
Standard Errora Approximate Tb
Approximate
Significance
Nominal by Nominal Phi .298 .004
Cramer's V .298 .004
Interval by Interval Pearson's R .287 .069 3.643 .000c
Ordinal by Ordinal Spearman Correlation .276 .075 3.497 .001c
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
c. Based on normal approximation.
Symmetric Measures
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• Hypothesis 3: Scholars’ interest in streams and their current field of study are
independent (not related).
Chi Square Test Results Symmetric Measures
Value df
Asymptotic
Significance
(2-sided)
Pearson Chi-Square 44.172a 6 .000
Likelihood Ratio 30.841 6 .000
Linear-by-Linear
Association
18.945 1 .000
a. 3 cells (20.0%) have expected count less than 5. The minimum expected
count is .88.
Value
Asymptot
ic
Standard
Errora
Approxi
mate Tb
Approxi
mate
Significa
nce
Interval by
Interval
Pearson's R -.357 .080 -4.643 .000c
Ordinal by
Ordinal
Spearman
Correlation
-.313 .080 -4.002 .000c
a. Not assuming the null hypothesis.
b. Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis.
c. Based on normal approximation.
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• Hypothesis 4: There is no significant difference between scholars’ level of English
and their academic respective abilities.
Average
Scholars'
Ability
Overall, How
Good Are You
in English?
Spearman's rho Average Scholars' Ability Correlation
Coefficient
1.000 .398**
N 150 150
Overall, How Good Are
You in English?
Correlation
Coefficient
.398** 1.000
N 150 150
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• Hypothesis 5: There is no positive correlation between Scholars’ level of English
and exam results.
Overall, How
Good Are You
in English?
Average Exam
Result in the
Previous
Semesters
Spearman's rho Overall, How Good Are
You in English?
Correlation Coefficient 1.000 .536**
N 150 150
Average Exam Result in
the Previous Semesters
Correlation Coefficient .536** 1.000
N 150 150
**. Correlation is significant at the 0.01 level (2-tailed).
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• Hypothesis 6: There is statistically significant difference between scholars’ backlogs
(ATKTs) and the interest in their current field of study.
Mann-Whitney U Test Test Statistics
Whether you are
interested in your
current field of
study? N
Mean
Rank
Sum of
Ranks
How many
backlogs do you
have in the
previous
semesters?
No 67 86.19 5775.00
Yes 83 66.87 5550.00
Total 150
How many backlogs
do you have in the
previous semesters?
Mann-Whitney U 2064.000
Wilcoxon W 5550.000
Z -2.974
Asymp. Sig. (2-tailed) .003
a. Grouping Variable: Whether you are interested in your
current field of study?
Source: SPSS Non-Parametric Tests, Mann-Whitney U Test
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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1. Time Factor:
 82 scholars consisting of 54.7% had allocated only one hour of their time for study
resulting into only passing marks followed by 1-15 backlogs.
 Only 4.7% of scholars were studying more than three hours a day.
 H1 was tested as to find out the influence of time on exam results, the test was significant
at 0.0005 probed quite a good result of rs =0.658 suggesting there exists strong positive
correlation between the variables.
Discussion and Findings:
SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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2. English Proficiency Factor (a major threat):
• Wang, Harrison, Victoria, & Xi (2018) stated English language as one of the major
challenges for international students to pursue academic goals.
• English is a must in academic era, especially while studying abroad.
• In our study we found almost 30 and 54 scholars whose English level was Beginner
and Elementary respectively. Amongst aforementioned, almost 67 scholars had 1-15
backlogs. and 80 scholars were Very Poor and poor in their academic respective
abilities as tested in H4 and H5.

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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3. Interest in Current Field of Study:
• H2 was tested as to find whether interest and exam results are related or independent.
• From 150 scholars 67 (44.7%) were not interested in their current field of study,
while among those 67 almost 43 scholars were having only “Pass” results followed
by 1-15 backlogs (ATKTs).
• H3 showed that, amongst 79 scholars from Engineering fields, almost 35 scholars
were interest in “commerce”, astonishingly, 13 scholars from a total of 45 scholars
from BBA showed interest in the “science” field.

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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 Accommodation Facilities:
 No Reciprocal Relation | No Appreciation
 No proper Guidance:
 Low financial Support with too much Delays from ICCR:
 Difficulties in Languages:
 Exam Structure of Indian Educational System:
Scholars’ Major Problems being Observed during
Survey:

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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 English Proficiency Test:
 Saying No to Recommendation:
 Training Scholars Regarding the Selection of Streams
 Pre-Guidance to Scholars on Indian Education System:
 Reciprocal Relations with Scholars from both the Governments:
 Pre-Assessment of Scholars’ Interest:
Suggestion and Recommendations:

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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Recommended Procedure:
Inviting
Applicants
General Test
English
Proficiency
Test
Field
Respective
Aptitude
Test
Workshop
on Guiding
Selected
Scholars

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
37
• There exists a large gap to be filled by bright scholars having boosted
required academic abilities, which makes them eligible for the
scholarship through the emergence of prolific transparent process of
scholarships being suggested in the study or any supplementary result-
oriented process by the government.
Conclusion:

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
38
• The findings will be helpful for the Ministry of Education (MoE) and Embassy to
identify how the current distribution of scholarship has impacted scholars.
Furthermore, to bring necessary amendments in their scholarship granting
procedures.
• The study will explore how to reduce the percentage of scholars being failed.
Implication of the Study:

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
39
• An error may have been due to the samples taken not conforming to the actual
population; this is because the sample is a judgmental sample.
• The study has been conducted in Gujarat state, from which we (researchers) have
taken those scholars, which, we assumed would be best for our study. The findings of
our study may not be applied to all other states’ scholars.
• The study has been carried out in two and a half months and we couldn’t able to
stretch the findings further.
Scope For Future Study:

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• The variables in the study have been chosen by researchers’ own observations which
may vary. Nevertheless, we have conducted a focus group interview for finding the
variables and then, used our own observations to bring selective variables under the
study.
• The major focus of the study was on academics of the scholars in which we come up
short to include other important factors.
• We have only kept those scholars under study who were pursuing, BA (political
Science and economics), BBA, BCA and B.E (aeronautical, civil and mechanical).

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
41
• Same research model with appropriate modifications can be expanded to major
population centers of India to get more reliable and viable results and findings.
• A detailed study can be conducted taking into account not only academics but more
variables and overall problems and cause-effects of scholarship.
Recommendations for future study:

SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
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• Top Five Bright Afghan Scholars in Gujarat (AY 2015-19)
 Sidiqullah Nazari TY. B.E (Aeronotical)
 Kalimullah Sayedi TY. BBA
 Qais Ahmad Samadi TY. B.E (Civil)
 Khalil Ahmad Sahil TY. BBA
 Javid Amin Ramaky TY. BBA
Appendix B1:

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SCHOLARS IN GUJARAT
50
Samiullah Irfan
Khalil Ahmad Sahil
Tahsinullah Kamawal
Dost Mohammad Rokhan
Muna Akkiswala
Fariha Sultanzada
Razia Majidi
Rafiullah Sahak
Ahmad Shah Saadat
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The impact of Indian scholarships on Afghan scholars in Gujarat

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