1. 11/6/13
How to Reuse Your Old Wi-Fi Router as a Network Switch
How-To Geek
How to Reuse Your Old Wi-Fi Router as a Network Switch
Just because your old Wi-Fi router has been replaced by a newer model doesn’t mean it needs to gather dust in the closet. Read on
as we show you how to take an old and underpowered Wi-Fi router and turn it into a respectable network switch (saving your $20
in the process).
Image by mmgallan.
Why Do I Want To Do This?
Wi-Fi technology has changed significantly in the last ten years, but Ethernet-based networking has changed very little. As such, a
Wi-Fi router with 2006-era guts is lagging significantly behind current Wi-Fi router technology, but the Ethernet networking
component of the device is just as useful as ever; aside from potentially being only 100Mbs instead of 1000Mbs capable (which for
99% of home applications is irrelevant), Ethernet is Ethernet.
What does this matter to you, the consumer? It means that even though your old router
doesn’t hack it for your Wi-Fi needs any longer, the device is still a perfectly serviceable
(and high quality) network switch. When do you need a network switch? Any time you want
to share an Ethernet cable among multiple devices, you need a switch.
For example, let’s say you have a single Ethernet wall jack behind your
entertainment center. Unfortunately you have four devices that you want to link to
your local network via hardline including your smart HDTV, DVR, Xbox, and a little
Raspberry Pi running XBMC.
Instead of spending $20-30 to purchase a brand new switch of comparable build
quality to your old Wi-Fi router, it makes financial sense (and is environmentally
friendly) to invest five minutes of your time tweaking the settings on the old router
to turn it from a Wi-Fi access point and routing tool into a network switch–perfect
for dropping behind your entertainment center so that your DVR, Xbox, and media
center computer can all share an Ethernet connection.
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What Do I Need?
For this tutorial, you’ll need a few things, all of which you likely have readily on hand or are free for download. To follow the basic
portion of the tutorial, you’ll need the following:
1 Wi-Fi router with Ethernet ports
1 Computer with Ethernet jack
1 Ethernet cable
For the advanced tutorial, you’ll need all of those things, plus:
1 copy of DD-WRT firmware for your Wi-Fi router
We’re conducting the experiment with a Linksys WRT54GL Wi-Fi router. The WRT54 series is one of the best selling Wi-Fi router
series of all time and there’s a good chance a significant number of readers have one (or more) of them stuffed in an office closet.
Even if you don’t have one of the WRT54 series routers, however, the principles we’re outlining here apply to all Wi-Fi routers; as
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2. 11/6/13
How to Reuse Your Old Wi-Fi Router as a Network Switch
long as your router administration panel allows the necessary changes, you can follow right along with us.
A quick note on the difference between the basic and advanced versions of this tutorial before we proceed. Your typical Wi-Fi router
has 5 Ethernet ports on the back: 1 labeled “Internet”, “WAN”, or a variation thereof and intended to be connected to your
DSL/Cable modem, and 4 labeled 1-4 intended to connect Ethernet devices like computers, printers, and game consoles directly to
the Wi-Fi router.
When you convert a Wi-Fi router to a switch, in most situations, you’ll lose two port as the
“Internet” port cannot be used as a normal switch port and one of the switch ports becomes
the input port for the Ethernet cable linking the switch to the main network. This means,
referencing the diagram above, you’d lose the WAN port and LAN port 1, but retain LAN
ports 2, 3, and 4 for use. If you only need to switch for 2-3 devices, this may be satisfactory.
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to flash a third-party router firmware like the powerful DD-WRT onto your device.
Doing so opens up the router to a greater degree of modification and allows you to
assign the previously reserved WAN port to the switch, thus opening up LAN ports 1-4.
Even if you don’t intend to use that extra port, DD-WRT offers you so many more options that it’s worth the extra few steps.
Preparing Your Router for Life as a Switch
Before we jump right in to shutting down the Wi-Fi functionality and repurposing your device as a network switch, there are a few
important prep steps to attend to.
First, you want to reset the router (if you just flashed a new firmware to your router, skip this step). Following the reset
procedures for your particular router or go with what is known as the “Peacock Method” wherein you hold down the reset button
for thirty seconds, unplug the router and wait (while still holding the reset button) for thirty seconds, and then plug it in while,
again, continuing to hold down the rest button. Over the life of a router there are a variety of changes made, big and small, so it’s
best to wipe them all back to the factory default before repurposing the router as a switch.
Second, after resetting, we need to change the IP address of the device on the local network to an address which does not directly
conflict with the new router. The typical default IP address for a home router is 192.168.1.1; if you ever need to get back into the
administration panel of the router-turned-switch to check on things or make changes it will be a real hassle if the IP address of the
device conflicts with the new home router. The simplest way to deal with this is to assign an address close to the actual router
address but outside the range of addresses that your router will assign via the DHCP client; a good pick then is 192.168.1.2.
Once the router is reset (or re-flashed) and has been assigned a new IP address, it’s time to configure it as a switch.
Basic Router to Switch Configuration
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How to Reuse Your Old Wi-Fi Router as a Network Switch
If you don’t want to (or need to) flash new firmware onto your device to open up that extra port, this is the section of the tutorial
for you: we’ll cover how to take a stock router, our previously mentioned WRT54 series Linksys, and convert it to a switch.
Hook the Wi-Fi router up to the network via one of the LAN ports (consider the WAN port as good as dead from this point forward;
unless you start using the router in its traditional function again or later flash a more advanced firmware to the device, the port is
officially retired at this point). Open the administration control panel via web browser on a connected computer. Before we get
started, two things: first, anything we don’t explicitly instruct you to change should be left in the default factory-reset setting as
you find it, and two, change the settings in the order we list them as some settings can’t be changed after certain features are
disabled.
To start, let’s navigate to Setup ->Basic Setup. Here you need to change the following things:
Local IP Address: [different than the primary router, e.g. 192.168.1.2]
Subnet Mask: [same as the primary router, e.g. 255.255.255.0]
DHCP Server: Disable
Save with the “Save Settings” button and then navigate to Setup -> Advanced Routing:
Operating Mode: Router
This particular setting is very counterintuitive. The “Operating Mode” toggle tells the device
whether or not it should enable the Network Address Translation (NAT) feature. Because
we’re turning a smart piece of networking hardware into a relatively dumb one, we don’t
need this feature so we switch from Gateway mode (NAT on) to Router mode (NAT off).
Our next stop is Wireless -> Basic Wireless Settings:
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Wireless SSID Broadcast: Disable
Wireless Network Mode: Disabled
After disabling the wireless, we’re going to, again, do something counterintuitive. Navigate to Wireless -> Wireless Security and
set the following parameters:
Security Mode: WPA2 Personal
WPA Algorithms: TKIP+AES
WPA Shared Key: [select some random string of letters, numbers, and symbols like
JF#d$di!Hdgio890]
Now you may be asking yourself, why on Earth are we setting a rather secure Wi-Fi configuration on a Wi-Fi router that we’re not
going to use as a Wi-Fi node? On the off chance that something strange happens after, say, a power outage when your routerturned-switch cycles on and off a bunch of times and the Wi-Fi functionality is activated, we don’t want to be running the Wi-Fi
node wide open and granting unfettered access to your network. While the chances of this are next-to-nonexistent, it takes only a
few seconds to apply the security measure, so there’s little reason not to.
Save your changes and navigate to Security ->Firewall.
Uncheck everything but Filter Multicast
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How to Reuse Your Old Wi-Fi Router as a Network Switch
Firewall Protect: Disable
At this point you can save your changes again, review the changes you’ve made to ensure they all stuck, and then deploy your
“new” switch wherever it is needed.
Advanced Router to Switch Configuration
For the advanced configuration, you’ll need a copy of DD-WRT installed on your router. Although doing so is an extra few steps, it
gives you a lot more control over the process and liberates an extra port on the device.
Hook the Wi-Fi router up to the network via one of the LAN ports (later you can switch the cable to the WAN port). Open the
administration control panel via web browser on the connected computer. Navigate to the Setup -> Basic Setup tab to get
started.
In the Basic Setup tab, ensure the following settings are adjusted. The setting changes are not optional and are required to turn
the Wi-Fi router into a switch.
WAN Connection Type: Disabled
Local IP Address: [different than the primary router, e.g. 192.168.1.2]
Subnet Mask: [same as the primary router, e.g. 255.255.255.0]
DHCP Server: Disable
In addition to disabling the DHCP server, also uncheck all the DNSMasq boxes as the bottom of the DHCP sub-menu.
If you want to activate the extra port (and why wouldn’t you), in the WAN port section:
Assign WAN Port to Switch [X]
At this point, the router has become a switch and you have access to the WAN port so the LAN ports are all free. Since we’re
already in the control panel, however, we might as well flip a few optional toggles that further lock down the switch and prevent
something odd from happening. The optional settings are arranged via the menu you find them in. Remember to save your settings
with the save button before moving onto a new tab.
While still in the Setup -> Basic Setup menu, change the following:
Gateway/Local DNS : [IP address of primary router, e.g. 192.168.1.1]
NTP Client : Disable
The next step is to turn off the radio completely (which not only kills the Wi-Fi but actually powers the physical radio chip off).
Navigate to Wireless -> Advanced Settings -> Radio Time Restrictions:
Radio Scheduling: Enable
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How to Reuse Your Old Wi-Fi Router as a Network Switch
Select “Always Off”
There’s no need to create a potential security problem by leaving the Wi-Fi radio on, the above toggle turns it completely off.
Under Services -> Services:
DNSMasq : Disable
ttraff Daemon : Disable
Under the Security -> Firewall tab, uncheck every box except “Filter Multicast”, as seen in the screenshot above, and then disable
SPI Firewall. Once you’re done here, save and move on to the Administration tab. Under Administration -> Management:
Info Site Password Protection : Enable
Info Site MAC Masking : Disable
CRON : Disable
802.1x : Disable
Routing : Disable
After this final round of tweaks, save and then apply your settings. Your router has now been, strategically, dumbed down enough
to plod along as a very dependable little switch. Time to stuff it behind your desk or entertainment center and streamline your
cabling.
Jason Fitzpatrick is warranty-voiding DIYer and all around geek. When he's not
documenting mods and hacks he's doing his best to make sure a generation of
college students graduate knowing they should put their pants on one leg at a time
and go on to greatness, just like Bruce Dickinson. You can follow him on Google+
if you'd like.
Published 11/5/13
10,216 Views
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