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Abiotic Factors Affect Plants
Growth & Development
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Lab3
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28-3-2012
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2. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
Introduction:
Thousands of plants which occur in different ecosystem they all share the same
requirements in order to survive, grow. These referred to as abiotic factors. Abiotic
factors are essentially non-living components that affect the living organisms .There are
six abiotic factors that affect plant growth: air, water, space, temperature, light and soil
(nutrients). These are the basic favorable environmental conditions, its allow them to
successfully live and reproduce.
Light
Light energy is the primary source of energy in nearly all ecosystems.Photosynthesis is
the process by which plants turn sunlight into food. Visible light is of the greatest
importance to plants because it is
necessary for photosynthesis this
process is directly dependent on the
supply of water, light, and carbon
dioxide.From the air with the sun’s
energy to create photosynthesis.
Oxygen is releases as a byproduct.
Photosynthesis ooccurs only in the
chloroplasts, tiny sub-cellular
structures contained in the cells of
leaves and green stems.is
responsible for making the leaves
and stem green. Limiting any one of
the factors can limit photosynthesis
regardless of the availability of the
other factor it will reduction in
photosynthesis and thus a decrease in
plant vigor and growth or without the
process of photosynthesis, plant stops growing.
There are Factors such as quality of light; intensity of light and the length of the light
period (day length) play an important part in an ecosystem. Increased hours of lighting
allow the plant to make sufficient food to grow. However, plants require some period of
darkness to develop properly and thus should be haves certain hours. Excessive light is as
harmful as too little or no light. When a plant gets too much direct light, the leaves
become pale, sometimes, turn brown, and die.
Page 1

3. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
MATERIALS
6 Potting soil gloves cow bean labels
Beaker marker ruler growth chamber
Procedure:
 Fill the pots with soil and chose type of seed (broad bean/cow bean/sun flower)
for each students.
 Plant the 5 seeds in each 3 pots deep them 1 cm inside and cover them with soil.
 Place pots inside growth chamber to provide keep the soil moist by watering it
every day (be careful not to use too much water).
 Observations seeds germinate and seedlings.
Abiotic factor:
Procedure:
 Choose an abiotic factor to test on the growth of plants.
 Determine a way to vary the factor you have chosen.
 Be sure to include at least three different settings of variable and to keep other
factors constant. Have one plant be a "control" to compare.
 Obtain 3 pots after seeds have been gown. Label one cup "C=Control" and the
remaining two "A," "B".
 List the abiotic factor that is different in each cup (light/dark/control)–
(water/water definite)-(temperature/low temperature).Remember what each cup
contains.
 Each day make an observation of your plants. Mention whether the height of plant
(incm), branch, color, and number of leaves present.
 Be sure to keep plants watered with exact amount if needed.
List the Difference in each Cup:
A: Abiotic Factor (light/water/temperature) B: limited abiotic factor C: Control
Observations: Write the Date in each Box labeled “Day”.
Page 2

4. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
Light EXPERIMENT:
Materials
3 identical plants (bought from grown cow bean seeds) it is fine if they have just
emerged from the soil.
measuring cup or water squirt bottle
water
dark room or box with a lid
ruler
Method
 Label the 3 plants. The labels will read, A=full Light=Dark (No Light), Control
.Water all plants every day or second day with the same amount of water.
 Place the No Light plant in a dark room or closed large box.
 Keep the Full Light plant in growth chamber for the whole length of the
experiment.
 Write about any changes in the plants, take pictures. Carefully, measure the height
of the plant and describe the number of leaves.
 Keep the No Light plant in the dark while watering, measuring and
photographing.
 Independent Variable: This is the item or thing that is changed by the person
doing the test( light)
 Dependent Variable:This is the “thing” item or outcome that the person is
measuring or observing. Dependent variables are changes that occur due to the
independent variable being introduced into the experiment.
Plant height, leaves number, branch
number.
 Control Variables:A controlled
variable is all other things that are
kept constant so that they do not
have an affect or influence on the
dependent variable. Same type plants,
fertilizer, soil, water, potting soil,
Page 3

5. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
LIGHTResult:
29-3-
2012
(A) plant that expose to more light, quick changes in their development occurs in their leaves which there color become
slightly green and stems are elongate, then the (C) control & (B).
(B) Plants in dark are the lowest development compare to (A) & (C), few leaves are slightly wilted
(C) Control plants are developing normally that mean leaves & stems have been changes in color and length but not
clear.
1-4-
2012
(A) There's no changes in Leaves number, stem branch and only increase on length, then the (C) control & (B).
(B) Plants in dark, are the still rate of their development compare to (A) & (C)slow ,but there stem length, branch and
leaves number are increase but not too much only in 1 plant
(C) Control plants are developing at normal rate that leave number, stem branch & length increase more than (B) but less
(A).
Page 4

6. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
3-4-
2012
(A)stem branch are the (B) few leaf and branch (C) new plant are
same but it lenght were fall dowan and produced,so the more
increase but regular the same time lenght leaf number and stem
and 1 leaf are fall and of other stem contiue branch and lenght
same time become to increase notes that increase here.
more yellloiwsh but so leaf and stem become
slightly but less than yellowish green and
plant in darke but more the same time thiers a
than (C). hole in leaves .
Page 5

7. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
5-4-
2012
(A) still slightly color (B) the leaf and stem (C)theres other new
change on leaves but become more plant grow and leaves
here the stem color yellowish.leaves hanve countinue to change in
start to change in color been twested and stem color but in less than
to slightly yellow too,at start to laying.the new (A)
the same time some leaves form.
leaves have been fall
and grow new.
Page 6

8. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
(A) srem and leaves (B)most stem &leaves (C)leaves, stems
continue to grow and are dead,fall dawn only continue to grow and
becmoe more yellowish 3 leaves however they new leaves& stem are
green. there new welts . produces.
branch and leaves grow
while the light increase
and the days 8-4-
2012
(A)leaves,stem & (B)all plant are its countinue to
branch are dead grow
countinue increase leaves,ste,branch.an
and change in d the leaves are still
lighter color. but healty.
note the leaves
start to fold. 10-4-
2012
Page 7

9. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
Total Average of Abiotic factor : light
light dark control
thur sun tue thur sun tue
light
dark
control
Total branch of Abiotic factor light
total branch
thur sun tue thur sun tue
light
dark
control
Page 8

10. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
Total of stem lenght Abiotic Factor Light
stem lenght
thur sun tue thur sun tue
Light
Dark
Control
Total of Leaves Abiotic Factor Light
total og leaves
thur sun tue thur sun tue
Light
Dark
Cotrol
Page 9

11. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
Result:
LIGHT Result:
Light
Dark
8-4-
2012
Control
(A)Plant that expose to more light, still in develop and grow stages.
(B) Plants in dark leaves, start to welt and have turn to yellow
(C) Control plants are developing normally leaves & stems have are healthy and in good condition.
Page
10

12. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
Light
10-4-
Dark 2012
Control
In lightand in control leaves start to increase but plant leaves that receive more light are more than controls.
In dark, plants aredead
Page
11

13. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
Light
15-4-
Dark
2012
Control
In light, leaves increase in number and slight change in leaf color from green to slight green
In control, leaves increase and much bigger than light leaves and look so healthy.
Stem, in both plant in expose much of light and control are start to grow but plant in light are stem length much
longer.
In Dark, plant are dead nothing appears.
Page
12

14. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
17-4-
2012
(A) still slightly color (B) the leaf and stem (C)theres other new
change on leaves but become more plant grow and leaves
here the stem color yellowish.leaves hanve countinue to change in
start to change in color been twested and stem color but in less than
to slightly yellow too,at start to laying.the new (A)
the same time some leaves form.
leaves have been fall
and grow new.
Page
13

15. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
(A) srem and leaves (B)most stem &leaves (C)leaves, stems
continue to grow and are dead,fall dawn only continue to grow and
becmoe more yellowish 3 leaves however they new leaves& stem are
green. there new welts . produces.
branch and leaves grow
while the light increase
and the days 22-4-
2012
(A)leaves,stem & (B)all plant are its countinue to
branch are dead grow
countinue increase leaves,ste,branch.an
and change in d the leaves are still
lighter color. but healty.
note the leaves
start to fold. 24-4-
2012
Page
14

16. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
Arabidopsis
A= Abiotic factor
B= Control
C= length of stem
D= number of branch
A= Light B= Control
Date/Day #NO. Leaves C D Average NO. leaves C D Average
8-4-2012 1 6 - 1 8 -
2 7 - 2 8 -
3 6 - 3 9 -
4 9 - 4 9 -
5 10 - 5 8 -
Total 38 42
10-4-2012 1 6 - 1 10 -
2 9 - 2 10 -
3 10 - 3 11 -
4 22 - 4 11 -
5 11 - 5 9 -
Total 58 51
15-4-2012 1 8 - 1 10 -
2 13 - 2 14 -
3 18 - 3 25 2 1
4 15 - 4 16 -
5 18 1.4 1 5 15 -
Total 72 1.4 1 51.4 80 2 1 40
17-4-2012 1 10 - 1 16 -
2 14 - 2 16 -
3 19 - 3 29 5.5 5
4 16 - 1 4 16 -
5 23 4.9 4 5 21 -
Total 82 4.9 5 16.7 101 5.5 5 18.3
19-4-2012 1 11 - 1 21 1.1 1
2 14 1.9 1 2 21 1.5 1
3 19 - - 3 32 10.5 11
4 19 2.5 1 4 23 - 1
5 28 9.5 6 5 23 - -
Total 91 13.9 8 6.5 120 13.1 14 9.1
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15

17. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
Day/Date B A=Light C D Average B A=Control C D Average
22-4-2012 1 12 - 1 22 7.4 5
2 16 3.4 2 2 22 7.8 5
3 20 - 3 36 16.5 14
4 19 8.7 5 4 25 5.5 4
5 32 16.2 10 5 24 2.1 1
Total 99 28.3 17 3.4 129 39.3 29 3.2
24-4-2012 1 13 - 1 30 14.2 8
2 17 7.9 4 2 25 13.8 12
3 21 0.9 3 38 21.7 15
4 21 13.8 7 4 26 14.3 5
5 35 1=21.6 12 5 26 7 4
2=3.5 1
Total 107 47.7 24 2.2 145 71 44 2.04
Page
16

18. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
Total Average of light
Days
light
control
Total branch
days
light
control
Page
17

19. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
Tota of stem lenght
Days
light
Total leaves
light
Page
18

20. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
Summary results:
Control
Notes Even though the plants growing in thecontrol place are not as tall as
other plants grow, the control looks the healthiest with nice full growth
(regular ways) and dark green leaves and stem.
Light
Plants that receive a large amount of lightthey really grow and develop in
faster rate.However plant that expose to light they are the first how loss there
leaves maybe to adapttheir self but after that they continue grow.
Characteristic
Getting leaves become bigger, stem becomeTaller than others and
there color change from green to slightly green to yellowish green
each day.
Dark
Notes at begin it's continue grow, length of not receiving light in many days in
certain point leaves start change their color to dry out and losing its organs.
However that ware in dark each day leaves, stem. Branch number is reduced
until fall down.
Characteristic
Stem and leaves start to grow, change in color to yellow fast than
control and unstable growth of leaves and branch by try to survive.
In certain point, in leaves occur scar or holes and number branch
reduced.
One's leaves, stem dry out, plant lose their organs and die
Page
19

21. Abiotic Factors Affect Plants Growth & Development
DISCUSSION:
The photosynthetic process occurs most readily when the light to makes food for itself to
grow. Inleaves, Chlorophyllthat contains chloroplasts to absorb light. Without light, plant
growing in the dark uses their food reserves. Once the reserves have been used the plant
will die. Alsothe stem of the plant rapidly elongates to increase the probability of the
plant finding light by using its food reserves, so when plant does not find light has used
these reserves, it will die.
Leaf Color
The color plant's leaves are closely related to how much light it gets. Generally, plants
that require a great deal of sunlight tend to have leaves that are rich and dark in color,
while the leaves of plants grown in dark and too much light conditions are often lighter
yellowish green
Stem Length and Branch
The amount of light a plant receives has a large impact on the length of its stems. Plants
that receive a great deal of light tend to be spindly and long in length, while those grown
in low-light or no light conditions are usually shorter. However, dark they become less
branch because there no light to get there energy that process photosynthesis and develop
new tissue to build up organs
Comment:
The temperature of growth chamber were too height 26c.
Plant cover dark box must put in in dark room.
Plant in dark, in and out of growth chamber cause them to stress that will affect there
growth.
Page
20