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Paul.lesson.7.rome.greek
1.
Lesson 3 Beware
of Greeks (and Romans) Bearing Gifts – Part 2 10/25/15 1© John R. Wible
2.
Paul – Roman
Citizen - Addendum 10/25/15© John R. Wible 2 Senatus Populus Que Romanus
3.
Roman Timeline 753
BC to AD 67 10/25/15© John R. Wible 3 753 BC Rome Founded 509 BC Republic Founded 149 BC Rome Conquers Greece 63 BC Jerusalem Falls to Rome 54 BC Julius Caesar (First Caesar) 44 BC Julius Caesar Assassinated 27 BC End of Republic – Begin Empire Caesar Augustus 4 BC Birth of Jesus the Christ 14 AD Augustus Dies – Tiberius Becomes Emperor 28/29 AD Jesus’ Passion 37 AD Caligula Becomes Emperor 54 AD Nero Becomes Emperor 64 AD Rome Burns Christians blamed 67 AD Paul Beheaded 4 AD Birth of Paul 29 AD Church Founded
4.
Roman Timeline 753
BC 10/25/15© John R. Wible 4 753 BC Rome Founded 509 BC Rome Republic Founded 149 BC Rome Defeats Greece, Battle of Corinth 54 BC First Caesar Julius
5.
•Political influence of
the Romans •Cultural and intellectual influence of the Greeks •Religious influence of the Jews •Result: by 312 AD, 10% of Roman World is Christian 10/25/15 5© John R. Wible Early Rise of Christianity – Causes
6.
• Unity and
Diversity • Pax Romana (Peace) • Roman Army • Roman Roads • Roman Conquest 10/25/15 6© John R. Wible Roman Influence – Political
7.
• Incorporation of
Greek Language and Cultural Influence • Incorporation of Greek Philosophy • Source: George Mason University 10/25/15 7© John R. Wible Rome’s Greek Influence on Christianity
8.
Paul, the Greek
Influences 10/25/15© John R. Wible 8
9.
Greek Religion Before
“the Seven Sages” 10/25/15© John R. Wible 9
10.
Greek Philosophers –
470-322 BC 10/25/15© John R. Wible 10 •Socrates •Plato •Aristotle
11.
Socrates (470/469 –
399 BC) 10/25/15© John R. Wible 11 Que • Socratic > Scientific Method • Questioning an hypothesis Why • Existence > function • Thing exists because it has function gods • God (g) arranges all for the best • Probably a polytheist, divine fatalist Ethics • Ethicist – Do the right, not the Expedient
12.
• Founder of: Western
Religion • Hypothesized Spirituality • Two realities: physical & “shadows” • Physical world mirrors the spiritual • Two heresies: asceticism & hedonism 10/25/15 12© John R. Wible Plato (428/427 or 424/423 – 348/347 BC)
13.
• Creator –
God (however, subject “the Good”) • Truth and Morality are absolute (however, they exist outside God) • The unseen reality is of greater import (however, “dualism” denies the goodness of the Creation) • Immorality of the soul (however, Plato recognized “reincarnation”) • Materialism is the great enemy (however, the body is not a prison, as in dualism) 10/25/15 13© John R. Wible Platonism, a “Bridge” to Christianity
14.
1. God is
supreme, not subject to the greater “Good.” God is good and “the Good.” Christianity’s God is infinite and “Omni-supreme” 2. God created all things good – they fell 3. The body was created good and has value, it is not a prison, it will be perfected, not discarded 10/25/15 14© John R. Wible Plato’s Underlying Difference with Christianity
15.
• Tutor of
Alexander the Great • Raised on Platonic dualism but changed to “”empiricism” • Knowledge is based on perception • Father of logical reasoning and gaining knowledge by observation of natural science 10/25/15 15© John R. Wible Aristotle (384 – 322 BC)
16.
• People of
color were naturally destined to be slaves – Rome, later was 50% slave • Paul attacks idea directly, indirectly – See Galatians 3:27 and 28 – Galatians 4:6 and 7 – Philemon VV. 15-18 10/25/15 16© John R. Wible Aristotle and Slavery
17.
“When . .
. it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them . . . to which the Laws of Nature and of Nature's God entitle them . . . 10/25/15 17© John R. Wible American Heritage Hangover Declaration of Independence
18.
• Based in
materialism • Denigrated the “gods” • “The Epicurean Paradox” • Pleasure the greatest good • Led to Hedonism – “do as you want” • Early challenger to Platonism • Later, main opponent of Stoicism 10/25/15 18© John R. Wible Epicureanism – Epicurus (circa. 307 BC)
19.
10/25/15 19© John
R. Wible Skepticism - Pyrrho of Elis (365–275 BC)
20.
10/25/15 20© John
R. Wible Alexander the Great’s Empire (356-323 BC)
21.
10/25/15 21© John
R. Wible After Alexander – Circa. 323 BC
22.
• Probably most
influential on Paul • Taught in Tarsus by Athenodorus, and • Athenodorus taught Caesar Augustus, thus • Adopted by Roman Empire • Rejected Plato's and Aristotle's “form” • Invented the principle of reality with the Logos, Reason, or God • Determinists, fatalists, practical, ethical 10/25/15 22© John R. Wible Zeno and Stoicism - (334 – c. 262 BC)
23.
• Materialistic vs
God-centered • Pantheistic vs monotheistic • Invented the “Logos,” the creative force in the universe • Both highly moral • Stoicism absolutely determinist while • Christianity has complex idea of God’s influence in events 10/25/15 23© John R. Wible Stoicism vs Christianity
24.
• Paul’s Mars
Hill Speech quotes Stoic poet, Aratus of Soli in Cilicia (Note Cilicia) • See Acts 17:18 and 23 • Audience were Stoics and Epicureans • The “mockers” were Epicureans • Doctrines of creation, divine immanence, spirituality and fatherhood of God, would be familiar and acceptable to Stoics • Preaching on Christ, not so much 10/25/15 24© John R. Wible Paul and the Stoics
25.
10/25/15 25© John
R. Wible Paul at Mars Hill
26.
Let’s Pray About
It 10/25/15 26© John R. Wible© John R. Wible
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