I was honored to have been invited to speak at John Carroll University on “The Internet of Things - Making the Physical World Smarter.” It was an extremely fun and engaging audience and I enjoyed every minute of the presentation. I hope you enjoy it as well and please don't hesitate to reach out with any questions.

1. The Internet of Things
Making the Physical World Smarter : The Convergence of
Disruptive Technologies
Source: Wikipedia

2. Agenda
• About Me
• What is the Internet of Things
• Past Trends in Technology
• Why Now?
• Current State of IoT & Other Disruptive Technologies
• Real World Examples & Summary
• Q&A

3. About Me – Justin Grammens
• Serial entrepreneur with a passion for starting businesses and communities in the
areas of disruptive technology
• Cofounder of Lab651 – Building connected products for our customers
• Cofounder of IoT Fuse – 501(c)(3) non-profit to advance and grow the Internet of
Things community in Minnesota and beyond
• Owner IoT Weekly News – Publication covering trends in the IoT
• Adjunct Professor – Teaching graduate level course on IoT the University of Saint
Thomas

4. About my Company - Lab651
• Physical Product Design
• User Experience & Feel
Decades of Experience Building "Smart" Products
Mechanical Engineering
Electrical Engineering
Software Engineering &
Data Science
• Electrical Hardware & Firmware
• Connectivity / Wireless Design
• Power Optimization
• Mobile Applications
• Cloud / Web Applications
• Machine Learning / AI

5. History of the term the “Internet of Things”
• Term was coined key Kevin Ashton at MIT in 1999
• People had connected and controlled machines for decades
• 1977 – Smart electric meter created
• 1980’s - Members of Carnegie-Mellon connected a Coke Machine
• 1994 – Xerox PARC demonstrates wearable device recording interactions
• 1995 – Siemens demonstrates connected vehicle telematics & monitoring
• Really started to gain adoption in 2013
• Has been continually evolving over time
• Kevin has started using “Things on the Internet”

6. Source: Google Trends

7. Source: Google Trends

8. Source: PC Magazine, Jan, 2019

9. Is the Internet of Things Going Away?
The term possibly, but the concepts definitely not…

10. Gartner Hype Cycle, 2019

11. Internet of ThingsThings on the InternetSmart Devices Communicating
With Each Other

12. Everything is Becoming “Smart”
Smart Cars
Smart TV’s
Smart Locks
Smart Speakers Smart Camera’s
Smart Lights
Smart Thermostats
Smart Appliances

13. Smart Pill Bottles? You Betcha!
• With a basic cap one study showed 71% adherence rate
• With a smart cap, the group maintained a 98% adherence
rate
• “Lack of adherence causes nearly 125,000 deaths. 10 percent
of hospitalizations and costs the already strained healthcare
system between $100–$289 billion a year.” - Annals of
Internal Medicine, Dec 2012
Vitality Glow Cap

14. Why Now?
• Open hardware is having the
same effect as open source
software
• Rapid Prototyping Platforms
(Arduino, Raspberry Pi,
Particle)
• Low cost
• Low power
• Community supported
• Excellent for rapid prototyping

15. Why Now?
• WiFi & Cellular are becoming ubiquitous – 5G
• Cost of network connectivity is coming down or is even free ( LoRa = Long Range )
• Costs for cloud data ingestion services are driving to zero ( FREE in some cases )
• Everyone has a smartphone
• Feeding the appetite to track and analyze real-world data
• Wireless standards: BLE, NFC and Thread makes communication easier
• Computing power can now “drive intelligence to the edge” – AI / Machine Vision

16. 5th Generation Mobile Network (5G)
• Offers speed up to 20 Gbits/sec
• Succeeds
• 4G – Downloads around 50 Mbits/sec
• 3G – Downloads around 20 Mbits/sec
• 2G – Speeds around 40 Kbits/sec
• Example
• Average Netflix Movie is 1.5GB in size
• Equals 1,500,000,000 bytes of information

17. 1,500,000,000 bytes of information
Teletype Model 37 - 1974
Speed: Transfer rate = 60 words
per minute
(approx. 4 b/s)
Time: 95 years

18. 1,500,000,000 bytes of information
US Robotics Modem - 1997
Speed: Transfer rate = 56 Kb/s*
Time: 2.5 days
* Around the speed of 2G
networks

19. 1,500,000,000 bytes of information
NETGEAR Modem - 2007
Early Broadband Speeds: Transfer
rate = 10 Mb/s *
Time: 20 minutes
Modern Broadband Speeds:
Transfer rate = 100 Mb/s **
Time: 2 minutes
* Around speed of 3G
** Around speed 4G / LTE-A

20. 1,500,000,000 bytes of information
Gigabit Speedtest – Xfinity / CenturyLink, etc
Gigabit Speeds: Transfer rate =
1.0 Gb/s
Time: 96 seconds or approx.
( 1.5 minutes )

21. 1,500,000,000 bytes of information
20 Gb/s speeds – 2019
5G Speeds: Transfer rate = 20
Gb/s
Time: 4.8 seconds

22. 1974 to 2019 – Communication Speeds
95 years 4.8 seconds
Near real-time communication anytime

23. 5th Generation Mobile Network (5G)
• Requires new hardware on cellular
towers
• Rolling out in the US in 2019
• Was used in 2018 Winter Olympics
• 1,218 drones
• Shorter delays when sending and
receiving data
• Improved GPS location

24. Security – What’s New with the IoT
• Data is personal & private
• Images & Audio
• Biometric
• Environmental
• Devices can reach out
and change the physical
world

25. Security - Online Trust Alliance
• Default passwords must be prompted to be reset or changed on first use
• All devices and cloud services must adhere to SSL best practices
• Manufacturers must conduct penetration testing of devices, applications and services
• Manufacturers must have remediation plans when vulnerabilities are found
• All updates, patches, revision must be signed and verified
• Manufactures must provide a mechanism for the transfer of ownership
Source: https://otalliance.org/initiatives/internet-things

26. Security – Emerging IoT Techniques
• TPM ( Trusted Platform Module ) – Cryptographic keys burned into
devices as it’s manufactured
• Two factor (or more) authentication
• Location based as verification
• Using a paired device (smartwatch) as access control
• Only send the data that you need and nothing more
• Decentralization of trust using Blockchain

27. Security – Emerging IoT Techniques
• Where possible, say no to big data backends
• Forbes reports more than 112 million records spilled in 2015
• More than a petabyte (1015 bytes) of data accidentally exposed
online
• Instead - use concepts from Distributed Computing Systems
• Store data close to the person
• Provide time based access and deletion

28. Distributed Computing
Lab651 Confidential
“The agility of cloud computing is great – but it simply isn’t
enough. Massive centralization, economies of scale, self-
service and full automation get us most of the way there – but
it doesn’t overcome physics – the weight of data, the speed of
light. As people need to interact with their digitally-assisted
realities in real-time, waiting on a data center miles (or many
miles) away isn’t going to work,”
- Gartner Analyst, Thomas Bittman

29. Example – Manufacturing in Realtime
• Avoid quality problems due to spatters from
resistance welding by identifying previously by
identifying previously unknown patterns in data
• The weld controller can react – for example, by
reducing the power for every individual welding
process to avoid spatters

30. Examples – Machine Vision & Quality
Imperfections found in materials can
lead to multi-million dollar savings.

31. Examples – Smart Classroom
• Wildflower Montessori Schools wanted to improve
outcomes in the classroom
• What if they could monitor lessons, students and
teachers relative location?
• Team at Lab 651 built
• Intelligent lesson trays
• Sensor for each student’s slippers
• Sensor for the teacher’s pocket

32. Examples - Service Based Models
• Eaton has been manufacturing hoses for a hundred years
• Process was to replace the hose when they failed
• What if they could predict before the hose broke?
• Customer avoids downtime
• Customer avoids environmental mess of hydraulic fluid
• Customer avoids potential injury to employee
• Eaton now could sell less hoses ( less margin )
• However now has higher margin selling a monitoring service

33. Examples – Restoring Movement
• Neuromuscular conditions
to Perform independent
activities of daily living
• System like this can one day
learn, predict and help with
physical therapy
• Using data to create a
physical therapist better
than any human

34. Summary
• The technologies that involve making the physical world smarter ( Internet of Things )
are disrupting businesses today.
• The IoT involves many different and disruptive technologies
• Hardware, Software, Apps, Connectivity, Cloud, Security, Artificial Intelligence, etc.
• We are still in the early days of utilizing this new technology
• As with any new technology, there remains concerns and an adoption curve
• To stay ahead, we must keep looking forward

35. Final Thoughts – Draw on History
• Google and other companies are building self-driving cars.
Will people be comfortable getting inside?
• Driverless elevator invented in 1900. The public hated it, were
confused and some people died.
• Added elevator drivers until a strike in NY in 1945
• Industry tried various ways to build trust. The biggest change
came when they added a STOP button
• Disruptive technology must still give users final control
Source: https://www.npr.org/2015/07/31/427990392/remembering-when-driverless-elevators-drew-skepticism

36. In Closing – The Evolution of the Internet
• Internet 1.0 : Connecting people to the Internet ( Browser )
• Internet 2.0 : People connecting to people ( Social & Mobile )
Information
Information

37. In Closing – The Evolution of the Internet
• Internet 3.0: Connecting People to People, People to Objects and Objects to
Objects if done right, will make the world enchanted
Information

38. Thank You!
Justin Grammens
justin@lab651.com
Links/Resources:
https://lab651.com
https://iotweeklynews.com
https://iotfuse.com
https://iotpodcast.com/