Unit 1, Lesson 1.2 - Branches of Science Lesson Outline: 1. Introduction 2. Social Sciences 3. Formal Sciences 4. Natural Sciences 5. Pure Science (Physical and Biological Sciences) 6. Applied Science (Technology) 7. Feature: Foreign Scientist of the Week!

1. Branches of Science
UNIT ONE, LESSON 1.2
BY MARGIELENE D. JUDAN

2. LESSON OUTLINE
Introduction
Social Sciences
Formal Sciences
Natural Sciences
Pure Science (Physical and Biological Sciences)
Applied Science (Technology)
Feature: Foreign Scientist of the Week!

3. Science is the study of the universe.

4. The study of science ranges from the
largest (universe) to the tiniest (particles).

6. Science has three major branches:
1.Social Sciences
2.Formal Sciences
3.Natural Sciences*
*We will focus our study on
natural sciences.

7. 1. Social Sciences
Object of study: Society
It focuses primarily on
the study of people
history and culture.

8. 1. Social Sciences (examples)
Anthropology
Archaeology
Business
Administration
Communication
Criminology
Economics
Education
Government
Linguistics
International
Relations
Political Science
Psychology
Sociology
Geography
History
Law

9. 2. Formal Sciences
Object of study: Formal
Systems (rules, definitions)
It serves as a “tool” for all
sciences.
It is concerned with
properties of formal systems
based on definitions and rules

10. 2. Formal Sciences (examples)
Logic
Mathematics
Theoretical Computer Science
Information Theory
Systems Theory
Decision Theory
Statistics
Linguistics

11. 3. Natural Sciences
Object of study:
Natural World
It tries to understand
the natural world.

12. Two Divisions of Natural Sciences
Pure Science
Applied Science

13. PURE SCIENCE
Science to uncover
new information
about the world
(basic research)
The study of science
alone, for knowledge
purposes only.

14. PURE SCIENCE includes
Physics
Chemistry
Earth Science
Biology
Mathematics

15. APPLIED SCIENCE
Uses the discoveries
of pure science to
create practical
solutions to existing
problems
Also known as
“technology”

16. APPLIED SCIENCE includes
Technology
Medicine
Electronics
Environmental Science
Computer Science
Engineering

18. Compare this to the previous
picture.

19. They are all related to each
other.

20. Some are the applications of the
other.

21. Notice that Mathematics is the tool to all
sciences.

23. Pure vs. Applied Science
Pure science addresses basic
questions.
Supports applied science.
Restricted to abstract or
theoretical concepts.
For knowledge and research
purposes.
Applied science solves specific
problems.
Suggests questions for pure
science.
Used in actual practice or to
solve practical problems.
For problem solving purposes.
Often referred to as
“technology”.

24. Examples of Pure Science
1. Scientists study human vision to learn how the eye works.
2. Students look through a microscope to see what’s inside a cell.
3. A biologist is experimenting on a plant’s reaction to lack of
sunlight.
4. Anatomy, Cell Biology, Botany, Physics, Chemistry, Earth Sciences
are all pure sciences.

25. Examples of Applied Science
1. Scientists invent motion pictures, eye glasses, and contact lenses.
2. Pharmacologists make and manufacture drugs and medicines.
3. Engineers create bridges and tall buildings.
4. Medicine, Computer Science, Engineering, Robotics and
Technology are all applied sciences.

26. DIVISIONS OF PURE SCIENCE
Biological Science – study of living things
Physical Science – study of non-living things

27. BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE
Study of living things
Biological Sciences Overlapping Sciences
Zoology Biochemistry
Botany Biophysics
Physiology Paleontology
Anatomy Astrobiology
Histology Human Kinetics
Cytology Ecology
Genetics Agricultural Chemistry
Taxonomy
Agriculture

28. PHYSICAL SCIENCE
Study of non-living things
Physics Chemistry Earth Sciences Overlapping Sciences
Kinetics Analytical Chemistry Astronomy Astrophysics
Nuclear Physics Inorganic Chemistry Geology Atmospheric Chemistry
Quantum Mechanics Nuclear Chemistry Hydrology Geochemistry
Aeronautics Organic Chemistry Meteorology Physical Chemistry
Solid State Physics Qualitative Chemistry Oceanography Physical Geology
Theoretical Physics Quantitative Chemistry Seismology Soil Chemistry
Thermodynamics Soil Science
Mechanics Volcanology

29. Physics
Science that deals with matter and energy and
the interactions between them. Physics
Kinetics
Nuclear Physics
Quantum Mechanics
Aeronautics
Solid State Physics
Theoretical Physics
Thermodynamics
Mechanics

30. Chemistry
Science that deals with
matter, its composition,
structure and
properties, the changes
it undergoes, and the
energy accompanying
the changes between
them.
Chemistry
Analytical Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry
Nuclear Chemistry
Organic Chemistry
Qualitative Chemistry
Quantitative Chemistry

31. Earth Science
Study of Earth and its composition,
processes, and properties. Earth Sciences
Astronomy
Geology
Hydrology
Meteorology
Oceanography
Seismology
Soil Science
Volcanology

32. Foreign Scientist of the Week!

33. Aristotle (384-322 BC)

34. Aristotle (384-322 BC)
Ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle was
born circa 384 B.C. in Stagira, Greece.
When he turned 17, he enrolled in
Plato’s Academy. In 338, he began
tutoring Alexander the Great. In 335,
Aristotle founded his own school, the
Lyceum, in Athens, where he spent most
of the rest of his life studying, teaching
and writing. Aristotle died in 322 B.C.,
after he left Athens and fled to Chalcis.

35. Aristotle (384-322 BC)
He was the foremost natural
philosopher in the ancient world.
He laid the foundation of modern
scientific thought and assembled
materials for an organized
encyclopedia.
Main Contribution: Modern
Philosophy

36. Activity Time!

37. Activity (1/2 sheet of paper):
I. Classify whether it is a pure (PS) or applied
(AS) science.
1. Scientists look for new forms of matter.
2. Physicists test the Big Bang Theory.
3. Plant biologists improve the immunity of crops to various
diseases.
4. Discovery of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
5. Students conducting research on various forms of rocks.
6. A dentist puts braces on your teeth.
7. An IT college student develops the game Clash of Clans.

38. Activity (1/2 sheet of paper):
I. Classify whether it is a pure (PS) or applied
(AS) science.
8. Doctor gives you a medical prescription.
9. Students solve math problems.
10.A vendor gives a change of 5 pesos after buying a 15-peso worth
of food.

39. Activity (1/2 sheet of paper):
II. Classify as living (L) or non-living (NL)
thing.
1. Rock
2. Flower
3. People
4. Statue
5. Robot
6. Bacteria
7. Soil
8. Egg Cell
9. Atoms
10.Air

40. I. Answers:
1. Scientists look for new forms of matter. (PS)
2. Physicists test the Big Bang Theory. (PS)
3. Plant biologists improve the immunity of crops to various
diseases. (AS)
4. Discovery of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) (AS)
5. Students conducting research on various forms of rocks. (PS)
6. A dentist puts braces on your teeth. (AS)
7. An IT college student develops the game Clash of Clans. (AS)

41. I. Answers:
8. Doctor gives you a medical prescription. (AS)
9. Students study medicine. (AS)
10.A vendor gives a change of 5 pesos after buying a 15-peso worth
of food. (AS)

42. 1. Rock (NL)
2. Flower (L)
3. People (L)
4. Statue (NL)
5. Robot (NL)
6. Bacteria (L)
7. Soil (NL)
8. Egg Cell (L)
9. Atoms (NL)
10.Air (NL)
II. Answers:

43. Refer to p.9 of your book. Give a short description
each of the following fields in the table.
Ex. Zoology – the study of animals
Assignment (to be passed tomorrow)

44. Sources:
Science Links 7
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branches_of_science
http://vonscience.blogspot.com/2005/08/pure-science-
versus-applied-science.html
https://www.boundless.com/biology/textbooks/boundless-
biology-textbook/the-study-of-life-1/the-science-of-biology-
48/basic-and-applied-science-266-11399/
http://www.biography.com/people/aristotle-9188415