Normal values for electrolytes, blood cells, tests, etc.

1. Normal Values
Number Type Item Defenition Normal Range
1 Acid-Base pH Normal serum pH slightly alkaline 7.35 - 7.45
2 Acid-Base PCO2 Respiratory component of Acid/Base balance 35 - 45 mm Hg
3 Acid-Base HCO3 Metabolic component of Acid/Base balance 20 - 26 mEq/L
Increased in chronic hypoxia; decreased in anemia or Male: 4.6 - 6.2 million/mm3
4 Blood Cells RBC
blood loss
Female: 4.2 - 5.4 million/mm3
Cellular portion of blood. Increased in dehydration or Male: 40 - 54%
5 Blood Cells Hematocrit
chronic hypoxia; decreased in anemia or blood loss Female: 38 - 47%
Reflects oxygen carrying capacity of blood. Increased Male: 13.5 - 18.0 g/100mL
6 Blood Cells Hemoglobin
in chronic hypoxia; decreased in blood loss or anemia. Female: 12 - 16 g/100mL
Number of circulating immature RBCs. Increased in
7 Blood Cells Reticulocytes hypoxia or anemia; decreased in RBC maturation 0 - 1.5%
defect.
8 Blood Cells WBC Increased in infection 5,000 - 10,000/mm3
9 Blood Cells Neutrophils Increased in infection 54 - 75%
10 Blood Cells Eosinophils Increased in allergic response, some leukemias 1 - 4%
Increased in hyper thyroidism, some bone marrow
11 Blood Cells Basophils 0.5 - 1.0%
disorders, ulcerative cloitis
Increased in viral infection, chronic bacterial infection,
12 Blood Cells Lymphocytes 25 - 40%
some leukemias
Increased in chronic inflammatory disorders, some
13 Blood Cells Monocytes 2 - 8%
leukemias
Increased from trauma; decreased with blood
14 Blood Cells Platelets 150,000 - 450,000/mm3
disorders; low platelet count causes risk for bleeding.
Direct measurement of blood glucose level. Most Fasting: 70 - 110 mg/dL
15 Blood Glucose Blood Glucose
commonly used in the evaluation of the diabetic patient Casual: > 200mg/dL
Fasting: <110 mg/dL
16 Blood Glucose Glucose Tolerance Test used to assist diagnosis of diabetes mellitus
Affected by activity of clotting factors V, VII, X, Men: 9.6 - 11.8 seconds
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prothrombin, and fibrinogen. Abnormalities in these Women: 9.5 - 11.3 seconds
17 Coagulation Prothrombin Time (PT) values when the patient is not receiving anticoagulant Therapeutic range: 1.5 - 2.0
therapy can indicate liver malfunction and bleeding times normal for patient on
tendency. warfarin therapy.
<1.3
International
18 Coagulation Therapeutic range 2.0 - 3.0 for
Normalized Ratio (INR)
patient on warfarin therapy.
30 - 45 seconds. Therapeutic
Partial Thromboplastin Affected by activity of clotting factors, prothrombin,
19 Coagulation range 1.5 - 2.0 times normal
Time (PTT) and fibrinogen.
for patient on heparin therapy.
Major cation in blood. Sodium imbalances often
20 Electrolyte Sodium (Na+) 135 - 145 mEq/L
associated with fluid imbalances.
Most common electrolyte in ICF. Small amounts found
21 Electrolyte Potassium (K+) in bloodstream. Minimal changes in amounts cause 3.5 - 5 mEq/L
major changes in the body.
Mineral primarily stored in bones and teeth. Small
9 - 11 mg/dL
22 Electrolyte Calcium (Ca+) amounts in ECF. Minimal changes in serum calcium
4.5 - 5.5 mEq/L
levels can have major negative effects in the body.
Magnesium and calcium work together for proper
function of excitable cells such as cardiac and nerve
23 Electrolyte Magnesium (Mg+) 1.5 - 2.5 mEq/L
cells. An imbalance of magnesium is usually
accompanied by an imbalance of calcium.
24 Fluid Balance Hypovolemia Deficient fluid in intravascular space.
25 Fluid Balance Hypervolemia Excess fluid in intravascular space.
Amount of urea nitrogen in the blood. Urea formed in
liver as a product of protein metabolism and
digestion.This value related to metaboic function of
Blood Urea Nitrogen
26 Fluid Balance liverand the excretory function of the kidneys. 6 - 20 mg/dL
(BUN)
Increased BUN=reduced renal function, excess protein,
GI bleed, catabolism fluid volume defecit. Decreased
BUN = low protein, liver disease, overhydration.
High Density Male: >45 mg/dL
27 Lipoproteins Good cholesterol
Lipoproteins (HDL) Female: >55 mg/dL
Low Density Male: <130 mg/dL
28 Lipoproteins Bad cholesterol
Lipoproteins (LDL) Female: <110 mg/dL
Very Low Density
29 Lipoproteins 7 - 32 mg /dL
Lipoproteins (VLDL)
30 Lipoproteins Total Cholesterol <200 mg/dL
Male: 40 - 160 mg/dL
31 Lipoproteins Triglycerides Identify risk of developing coronary heart disease
Female: 35 - 135 mg/dL
Elevated levels indicate kidneys inability to excrete Male: 0.6 - 1.2 mg/dL
32 RenalFunction Creatinine
creatine. Female: 0.5 - 1.1 mg/dL
33 Urine Amylase Assists in diagnosis of pancreatitis 6.5 - 48.1 units/hour
Lower specific gravity = dilute urine, higher specific
34 Urine Urine Specific Gravity 1.010 - 1.030
gravity = concentrated urine