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Floors slideshare
- 2. Floors: the basics • Two fundamental types: – Ground floors, which form part of the external enclosure – Upper floors, which subdivide the internal space • The ground floor can either be “floating” (supported by the ground) or “suspended”, supported by the walls at the edges. • Upper floors are always suspended
- 3. Floor support Suspended upper floor: held up by walls Floating ground floor, resting on the sub-soil
- 4. Floor support Suspended upper floor: held up by walls Floating ground floor, resting on the sub-soil
- 5. Floating ground floor • Several functions: – Level, smooth structural surface to support furniture etc. – Damp exclusion – Insulation from the exterior • Most common type of floating floor is a multilayered insitu-concrete floor. Often referred to as a “solid floor”
- 6. Relationship of floor to wall Top 50mm of fill is Fill: topsoil and loose sand blinded to form subsoil removed and smooth surface replaced with compacted hardcore (broken stone or brick) Floor Min 150mm Fill Ground
- 7. Views of floor preparation Ready for hardcore Sand blinding
- 8. Water exclusion: damp proof membrane DPM Essential link between DPM and DPC Damp proof membrane: usually plastic sheeting. Seams sealed or very well overlapped
- 9. The concrete slab itself, poured insitu Slab 100-150 mm thick, poured in one go. Allowed to cure, kept damp Floor Fill
- 10. Smooth surface finish • Insitu concrete very rough • Smooth finish often achieved with 50mm sand/cement screed • Screed is applied when concrete is set but not fully cured • Surface is trowelled smooth.
- 11. Floor layers Decorative finish: carpet, tile wood, etc 50mm smooth screed 100mm insitu concrete Damp proof membrane 50mm sand blinding Compacted hardcore, maximum depth How to insulate? 600mm
- 12. Insulate above slab Decorative finish: carpet, tile wood, etc 15mm chipboard layer 75mm expanded polystyrene 100mm insitu concrete Don’t use above slab insulation with below floor heating…
- 13. Insulate below slab Decorative finish: carpet, tile wood, etc 50mm smooth screed 100mm insitu concrete DPM can be above or below insulation 75mm closed cell, high density, expanded polystyrene Very effective with below floor heating
- 14. Suspended ground floor • If fill needs to be more than 600mm • If high speed construction is needed Beam and block: Beams are pre-cast, reinforced concrete, • Precast laid on the dpc and built into concrete walls at ends. suspended Finished with insulation and floors can be chipboard used.
- 15. Expanded polystyrene block and beam floor Proprietary “Jetfloor” Polystyrene “blocks” supported by beams and topped with a reinforced screed
- 16. Upper floors • Always suspended • Nearly always built of timber like a flat roof – Joists (multiple parallel beams) – Floor boards on top (usually sheets materials like plywood or chipboard) – Ceiling below (usually plasterboard) • No need for thermal insulation, but may incorporate sound insulation
- 17. Timber suspended upper floor Galvanised steel joist hanger
- 18. Timber suspended upper floor Softwood joists @ 600 centres Galvanised steel joist hanger
- 19. Timber suspended upper floor Chipboard flooring. (Plywood in wet areas) Softwood joists @ 600 centres Galvanised steel joist hanger
- 20. Timber suspended upper floor Chipboard flooring. (Plywood in wet areas) Softwood joists @ 600 centres Plasterboard ceiling Galvanised steel joist hanger
- 21. Joist detailing 1 Joists braced at 2.5m centres by strutting Joists overlapping over supporting internal wall Joists supported by joist hangers to a major structural beam
- 22. Joist detailing 2 Here the joists are resting directly on supporting walls and are braced with solid blocking pieces Waferboard flooring being laid
- 23. Forming openings Trimmer Doubled joist Large opening essential for the staircase
- 24. Plasterboard ceiling Plasterboard: gypsum plaster between layers of strong paper Boards nailed to joists Nail heads plastered over Joints between boards filled with thin strip of wet plaster Whole ceiling will be given a 3mm skim coat of finishing plaster
- 25. References • CHUDLEY, R. ; GREENO, R. (2005). Construction technology. 4th ed. Pearson Education. CHUDLEY, R. ; GREENO, R. (2006). Building construction handbook. 6th ed. Butterworth- Heinemann.