L 20
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Lecture notes of Industrial Waste Treatment (Elective -III) as per syllabus of Solapur university for BE Civil Prepared by Prof S S Jahagirdar, Associate Professor, N K ORchid College of Engg and Tech, Solapur
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L 20
- 1. L-20 Sludge Disposal Methods Industrial Waste treatment
- 3. Definition • “Sludge” is defined as the residual material removed from wastewater treatment facilities. • A new term, “biosolids,” suggests the• A new term, “biosolids,” suggests the beneficial usage of sludge. • The definition of “biosolids” is now accepted as those primarily organic solid products produced by wastewater treatment processes that can be beneficially recycled.
- 4. A] SLUDGE TREATMENT • Thickening • Conditioning • Dewatering • Drying • Incineration • Disposal
- 5. 1. Thickning • Reduces moisture content of sludge, thereby reducing volume of sludge. • Three types of thickening 1. Gravity thickening 2. Air floatation 3. Centrifugation
- 7. 2. Conditioning • Conditioning improves the drainability of digested sludge. • Methods adopted – 1. Elutriation (involves passage of air to1. Elutriation (involves passage of air to separate particles) 2. Chemical conditioning (addition of coagulants) 3. Freezing etc.
- 8. 3. Dewatering • Purpose is to reduce volume of sludge and increase concentrations of biosolids.biosolids. • Dewatering can be achieved on sand drying beds.
- 9. Sludge Processing • Dewatering - removes liquids • Drying beds • solids concentration up to 40% • used for well digested, stabilized residuals• used for well digested, stabilized residuals • Centrifuges • solids concentration 20 to 40 % • rotates liquids at high speeds & spins the water away
- 10. Sludge Processing • Vacuum Filters • solids concentration 15 to 30 % • rotating filter media passes through vat of residuals, residuals coat the filter and water is extracted by vacuum, polymers may be usedvacuum, polymers may be used • Pressure filters • solids concentration up to 50% • series of vertical plates, belts, or frames, water squeezed out under pressure, solids are retained between the belts or plates
- 13. 4. Heat drying • Reduces water content • Temp @ 350oC • Process carried out in kiln. • Dried sludge used as soil conditioner
- 14. Heat drying unit
- 15. Sludge Reuse or Disposal Options Incineration • burning sludge at high temperatures in furnace • volume is reduced • ash is stabilized• ash is stabilized • requires air permit & pollutant removal • high operating costs • complex • Temp @ 650oC to 750oC
- 17. Fluidized bed sludge incineration
- 18. Incinerator
- 19. Sludge Reuse or Disposal Options Landfill • disposal of sludge in a lined landfill • leachate collection required • odor potential • local regulatory requirements • inexpensive • Trucking (Transportation) costs
- 20. Sludge Reuse or Disposal Options Surface disposal • trench, waste pile, lagoon • biosolids remain longer than 2 years • surface impoundment• surface impoundment • dedicated disposal sites
- 21. Disposal site
- 22. Sludge Reuse or Disposal Options Land Application • application of sludge to condition the soil or fertilize crops / other vegetation • sprayed or spread on soil surface • tilled into soil or injected directly below the surface • must be applied at agronomic rates, meet pollutant limits, and pathogen & vector attraction reduction requirements • requires 30 days or more of storage
- 23. Land Application
- 25. Land disposal of sludge
- 26. Disposal into the sea
- 27. Sludge Lagooning
- 28. Sludge lagoons
- 29. Economic Aspects
- 30. Waste to Wealth
- 32. INCORPORATING BIOMASS INTO BRICKSINCORPORATING BIOMASS INTO BRICKSINCORPORATING BIOMASS INTO BRICKSINCORPORATING BIOMASS INTO BRICKS
- 33. Objective questions • 1. Sludge drying beds are used for _________ of sludge. • 2. ____________ reduces volume of sludge considerably as compared to other methods. • 3.Pick out odd one w r t sludge• 3.Pick out odd one w r t sludge • Biogas recovery, metal extraction, use in building materials, odour and pathogen
- 34. Theory questions • Write detailed note on • 1. Sludge disposal • 2. Sludge drying bed• 2. Sludge drying bed