This document discusses retinal examination techniques and common retinal disorders. It recommends using undilated exams to view the posterior pole and dilated exams with 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine to view the posterior pole and peripheral retina. Some tests mentioned to check for afferent pupillary defects include PERRLA, APD, Marcus-Gunn pupil, and swinging flashlight. Common retinal disorders are then examined through various imaging techniques and videos provided.

1. Images & Diagnosis of Common Retinal Disorders
John R. Martinelli, OD, FAAO
SGUSOM (3/4)

3.  Undilated
 Dilated
1% Tropicamide
2.5% Phenylephrine
 Posterior Pole

4.  Dilated
1% Tropicamide
2.5% Phenylephrine
 Posterior Pole &
Peripheral Retina

36. PERRLA (+/-) APD
“Relative” APD
Marcus-Gunn Pupil
Swinging Flashlight Test
http://youtu.be/KAzVP9qfbaM
http://youtu.be/QumsSEFFjQM

57.  Video
http://youtu.be/leMexvs9HVU