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CHAPTER 1




The Importance of Business
           Ethics
Why Study Business Ethics?
• Business decisions under great
  scrutiny
   – Global financial crisis created
     diminished stakeholder trust
• Deals with questions about
  whether practices are
  acceptable
• No universally-accepted
  approach for resolving issues
                                       Source: © Jack Hollingsworth/Corbis
Business Ethics
• Comprises principles, values, and standards that guide
  behavior in the world of business

• Principles: Specific boundaries for behavior that are
  universal and absolute
   – Freedom of speech, civil liberties

• Values: Used to develop socially enforced norms
   – Integrity, accountability, trust
Americans’ Trust in Business
 (% of respondents who say they trust the
following business categories a great deal)
A Crisis in Business Ethics

• Consumer trust of businesses is declining
• No sector is exempt from ethical misconduct
• Stakeholders determine what is ethical/unethical
   – Investors
   – Employees
   – Customers
   – Interest groups
   – Legal system
   – Community

                                                     Source: Stockbyte
Why Study Business Ethics?

• Reports of unethical behavior are on the rise
• Society’s evaluation of right or wrong affects its
  ability to achieve its business goals
• Studying business ethics is a response to
  Sarbanes-Oxley, FSGO, and stakeholder
  demands for ethics initiatives
• Individual ethics alone is not sufficient
• Studying business ethics helps identify ethical
  issues to key stakeholders
A Timeline of Ethical and Socially
     Responsible Concerns
Before 1960: Ethics in Business

• Theological discussions of ethics emerged
   – Catholic social ethics included a concern for
     morality in business, workers’ rights and living
     wages
   – Protestants developed ethics courses in their
     seminaries and schools of theology
      • The Protestant work ethic encouraged hard work
The 1960s: The Rise of Social Issues in
              Business
• Societal social consciousness emerged
   – Anti-business sentiment rose
• JFK’s Consumer Bill of Rights-
    A new era of consumerism
   – Right to safety, to be
     informed, to choose,
         and to be heard
• Consumer protection groups
        fought for consumer
    protection legislation
   – Ralph Nader               Source: Hisham Ibrahim
The 1970s: Business Ethics as an
              Emerging Field
• Business professors began to write about social
  responsibility
   – An organization’s obligation to maximize positive
     impact and minimize negative impact on stakeholders
• Philosophers became involved
• Businesses became concerned with public image
• Conferences were held and centers developed
• Issues:
   – Bribery                      – Product safety
   – Deceptive advertising        – Environment
   – Price collusion
The 1980s: Consolidation

• Membership in business ethics organizations
  increased
• Ethics centers provided:
   – Publications, courses, conferences and seminars
• Firms established ethics committees
• Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and
  Conduct (DII) emerged
   – Foundation for the Federal Sentencing Guidelines
     for Organizations
• Corporate support for ethics
The 1990s: Institutionalization of
              Business Ethics

• The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations
  (FSGO)
   – Set tone for compliance
• Preventative actions against misconduct
   – A company could avoid/minimize potential
     penalties
The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for
               Organizations
• Standards and procedures capable of detecting and
  preventing misconduct
• High level oversight
• Care in delegation of authority
• Effective communication (training)
• Systems to monitor, audit, and report misconduct
• Consistent enforcement
• Continuous improvement
The 21st Century: A New Focus

• Continued issues with corporate non-compliance
   – Growing public/political demand for improved ethical standards
• Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002)
   – Most extensive ethics reform
   – Increased accounting regulations
• FSGO reform (2004)
   – Requires governing authorities to be well-informed regarding
     business ethics programs
• Firm’s greatest danger is not discovering misconduct
  early
• Basic assumptions of capitalism being debated
   – Fears in the wake of global recession and financial meltdown
Organizational and Global Ethical
                 Culture
• Ethical culture describes the component of
  corporate culture that captures the values and norms
  that an organization defines as appropriate conduct
       • Creates shared values
• Goal is to:
       • Minimize need for
         enforced compliance
       • Maximize utilization of
         principles/ ethical
         reasoning
                              Source: Triangle Images
Prevalence of Misconduct by Industry
Ethics Contributes to Employee
             Commitment
• Comes from employees who believe their future
  is tied to the organization’s
• Are willing to make personal sacrifices for the
  organization
   – The more dedication on the part of the company,
     the greater the employee dedication
   – Concerns include a safe work environment,
     competitive salaries and benefit packages, and
     fulfillment of contractual obligations
Ethics Contributes to Investor
                Loyalty
• Companies perceived by their employees as
  having a high level of honesty and integrity are
  more profitable than companies with a low level
  of honesty and integrity
• Ethical climates in organizations provide platform
  for:
   – Efficiency
   – Productivity
   – Profitability
Ethics Contributes to Customer
             Satisfaction
• Consumers respond positively to socially concerned
  businesses
   – Being good can be extremely profitable
• Customer satisfaction dictates business success
• A strong organizational ethical climate
  places customers’ interests first
• Research shows a strong relationship between ethical
  behavior and customer satisfaction
Ethics Contributes to Profits
• Corporate concern for ethical
  conduct is being integrated with
  strategic planning
   – Maximize profitability
• Corporate citizenship is
  positively associated with:
   – Return on investment and
     assets
   – Sales growth                      Source: PhotoLink

• Studies have found a positive
  relationship between citizenship
  and performance

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Ferrell 8e ch01

  • 1. CHAPTER 1 The Importance of Business Ethics
  • 2. Why Study Business Ethics? • Business decisions under great scrutiny – Global financial crisis created diminished stakeholder trust • Deals with questions about whether practices are acceptable • No universally-accepted approach for resolving issues Source: © Jack Hollingsworth/Corbis
  • 3. Business Ethics • Comprises principles, values, and standards that guide behavior in the world of business • Principles: Specific boundaries for behavior that are universal and absolute – Freedom of speech, civil liberties • Values: Used to develop socially enforced norms – Integrity, accountability, trust
  • 4. Americans’ Trust in Business (% of respondents who say they trust the following business categories a great deal)
  • 5. A Crisis in Business Ethics • Consumer trust of businesses is declining • No sector is exempt from ethical misconduct • Stakeholders determine what is ethical/unethical – Investors – Employees – Customers – Interest groups – Legal system – Community Source: Stockbyte
  • 6. Why Study Business Ethics? • Reports of unethical behavior are on the rise • Society’s evaluation of right or wrong affects its ability to achieve its business goals • Studying business ethics is a response to Sarbanes-Oxley, FSGO, and stakeholder demands for ethics initiatives • Individual ethics alone is not sufficient • Studying business ethics helps identify ethical issues to key stakeholders
  • 7. A Timeline of Ethical and Socially Responsible Concerns
  • 8. Before 1960: Ethics in Business • Theological discussions of ethics emerged – Catholic social ethics included a concern for morality in business, workers’ rights and living wages – Protestants developed ethics courses in their seminaries and schools of theology • The Protestant work ethic encouraged hard work
  • 9. The 1960s: The Rise of Social Issues in Business • Societal social consciousness emerged – Anti-business sentiment rose • JFK’s Consumer Bill of Rights- A new era of consumerism – Right to safety, to be informed, to choose, and to be heard • Consumer protection groups fought for consumer protection legislation – Ralph Nader Source: Hisham Ibrahim
  • 10. The 1970s: Business Ethics as an Emerging Field • Business professors began to write about social responsibility – An organization’s obligation to maximize positive impact and minimize negative impact on stakeholders • Philosophers became involved • Businesses became concerned with public image • Conferences were held and centers developed • Issues: – Bribery – Product safety – Deceptive advertising – Environment – Price collusion
  • 11. The 1980s: Consolidation • Membership in business ethics organizations increased • Ethics centers provided: – Publications, courses, conferences and seminars • Firms established ethics committees • Defense Industry Initiative on Business Ethics and Conduct (DII) emerged – Foundation for the Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations • Corporate support for ethics
  • 12. The 1990s: Institutionalization of Business Ethics • The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations (FSGO) – Set tone for compliance • Preventative actions against misconduct – A company could avoid/minimize potential penalties
  • 13. The Federal Sentencing Guidelines for Organizations • Standards and procedures capable of detecting and preventing misconduct • High level oversight • Care in delegation of authority • Effective communication (training) • Systems to monitor, audit, and report misconduct • Consistent enforcement • Continuous improvement
  • 14. The 21st Century: A New Focus • Continued issues with corporate non-compliance – Growing public/political demand for improved ethical standards • Sarbanes-Oxley Act (2002) – Most extensive ethics reform – Increased accounting regulations • FSGO reform (2004) – Requires governing authorities to be well-informed regarding business ethics programs • Firm’s greatest danger is not discovering misconduct early • Basic assumptions of capitalism being debated – Fears in the wake of global recession and financial meltdown
  • 15. Organizational and Global Ethical Culture • Ethical culture describes the component of corporate culture that captures the values and norms that an organization defines as appropriate conduct • Creates shared values • Goal is to: • Minimize need for enforced compliance • Maximize utilization of principles/ ethical reasoning Source: Triangle Images
  • 17. Ethics Contributes to Employee Commitment • Comes from employees who believe their future is tied to the organization’s • Are willing to make personal sacrifices for the organization – The more dedication on the part of the company, the greater the employee dedication – Concerns include a safe work environment, competitive salaries and benefit packages, and fulfillment of contractual obligations
  • 18. Ethics Contributes to Investor Loyalty • Companies perceived by their employees as having a high level of honesty and integrity are more profitable than companies with a low level of honesty and integrity • Ethical climates in organizations provide platform for: – Efficiency – Productivity – Profitability
  • 19. Ethics Contributes to Customer Satisfaction • Consumers respond positively to socially concerned businesses – Being good can be extremely profitable • Customer satisfaction dictates business success • A strong organizational ethical climate places customers’ interests first • Research shows a strong relationship between ethical behavior and customer satisfaction
  • 20. Ethics Contributes to Profits • Corporate concern for ethical conduct is being integrated with strategic planning – Maximize profitability • Corporate citizenship is positively associated with: – Return on investment and assets – Sales growth Source: PhotoLink • Studies have found a positive relationship between citizenship and performance

Notas do Editor

  1. Increased awareness of ethical issues in the following industries: Accounting fraud Insider trading of stocks and bonds Falsifying of organizational documents Deceptive advertising Defective products Bribery Employee theft
  2. Due to the need for professional experience and understanding the complexities of the legal environment. Even a person with good personal ethics will need business ethics training to confront complex ethical situations in the workplace.