Input made to the City of Johannesburg's Growth and Development Strategy 2040.

1. Poverty, housing and health in Johannesburg: exploring intra-urban inequalities 22 nd August 2011 Liz Thomas, PhD – Wits/MRC Jo Vearey, PhD - Wits

3. Developmental local government “ local government committed to working with citizens and groups within the community to find sustainable ways to meet their social, economic and material needs and improve the quality of their lives ” (RSA, 1998: 23)

6. WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health (2008)

7. Gini coefficient in selected South African cities (Figure adapted from UN-HABITAT, 2008: 72)

9. National YLL leading cause of Premature Mortality DB 2006 using 2000 data pg 6 Differentiation between urban formal, urban informal and rural 1 HIV/AIDS Higher in urban areas, especially in informal housing areas with dense social networks. In 2 Homicide and violence Urban areas, especially young men associated with alcohol use 3 TB Overcrowded areas, closer proximity of people, poor ventilation, low immunity due to poor nutrition, HIV etc 4 Diarrhoeal diseases Poor sanitation urban informal, higher chance of transmission due to density of people, and rural poor sanitation 5 Lower respiratory Exposure to indoor air pollution, elderly and under 5s, poor immunity, higher ambient air pollution where biomass fuels used for cooking and heating 6 Road traffic accidents Urban pedestrians especially with high alcohol levels 7 Stroke Disease of lifestyle 8 Ischaemic heart disease High stress, poor diet, low exercise, smoking and alcohol 9 Low birth weight Under 5’s – born to poor urban and rural woman, esp with low education levels, limited access to health facilities 10 Protein energy malnutrition Under 5’s - poor urban and rural contexts esp with low education levels of mothers

12. HIV prevalence in adults aged 15 – 49 years by locality type, South Africa, 2005 (HSRC, 2005)

14. 24 hours Dietary Diversity Score: respondents residing informally are more likely to have a deficient dietary score Chi-square 89.880; p = <0.0001 Score 0 - 3 Score 4 - 6 Score 7 - 9 24 hour Dietary Diversity Score In a context of high HIV prevalence, urban informal settlements have poor food security.

15. Perception of risk of HIV Chi-square = 14.221; p = 0.0002 In a context of high HIV prevalence, urban informal settlement residents perceive themselves at risk of HIV

18. Housing

20. Schooling

21. Transit camps

22. Development…..