3b theological understanding of mission1

Joshva Raja's slides and also from touchstones, other pptsJoshva Raja's slides and also from touchstones, other ppts
Theological UnderstandingTheological Understanding
of Missionof Mission
Session 3BSession 3B

Joshva Raja's slides and also from touchstones, other ppts
ReferencesReferences
 Wilbert R.Shenk.Wilbert R.Shenk. Changing Frontiers ofChanging Frontiers of
Mission.Mission.MaryknollMaryknoll
 J Andrew KirkJ Andrew Kirk What is Mission?What is Mission?
Theological ExplorationsTheological Explorations..
 M Thomas Thangaraj.M Thomas Thangaraj. The Common Task.The Common Task.
A Theology of Christian Mission.A Theology of Christian Mission.
 Lesslie Newbegin. The Open Secret: AnLesslie Newbegin. The Open Secret: An
Introduction to the Theology of Mission.Introduction to the Theology of Mission.

Theology and MissionTheology and Mission
 Theology = theos and logos = God andTheology = theos and logos = God and
the Word = spoken or written wordthe Word = spoken or written word
 Mission is the Mother of TheologyMission is the Mother of Theology
(Martin Kahler 1971)(Martin Kahler 1971)
 Theology’s tasksTheology’s tasks – critical study, analysis of reality,– critical study, analysis of reality,
empowering the poor, apologetics, relating to the world, trainingempowering the poor, apologetics, relating to the world, training
leaders (A Kirk)leaders (A Kirk)
 Theology’s sourcesTheology’s sources – Bible, tradition, reason, analysis and– Bible, tradition, reason, analysis and
action (A Kirk)action (A Kirk)
 Theological methodsTheological methods – inquiry, immersion, integrity,– inquiry, immersion, integrity,
integration, imagination (A Kirk)integration, imagination (A Kirk)
 Theology of MissionTheology of Mission means Validating, correcting andmeans Validating, correcting and
establishing on better foundations the motives and actions ofestablishing on better foundations the motives and actions of
mission

Ten Touchstones listed in MissiologyTen Touchstones listed in Missiology
1.1. Missio DeiMissio Dei:: It is God’ missionIt is God’ mission
2. Mission is2. Mission is TrinitarianTrinitarian
3. Witness to the3. Witness to the Kingdom of GodKingdom of God
4. For4. For all peopleall people (all nations)(all nations)
5. Must avoid5. Must avoid reductionsreductions andand
dichotomiesdichotomies…………..…………..next slide please!next slide please!

Ten TouchstonesTen Touchstones (continued)(continued)
6. Continues the6. Continues the sufferings of Christsufferings of Christ
7.7. EcumenicalEcumenical,, inclusiveinclusive,, exclusiveexclusive andand
sacrificialsacrificial
8. Done in8. Done in bold humilitybold humility
9. Centrality of the9. Centrality of the local churchlocal church
10.10. Crossing barriersCrossing barriers

1. Christian mission is our
participation in the Missio Dei:
The mission of God.
Therefore…
a. Christian mission is as great as the
redemptive work of God for the
world
b. It is NOT our mission

2. Christian mission is
Trinitarian:
Therefore…
Christian mission is sending and being
sent in the power of the Holy Spirit.
--The Father sending the Son…
--the Father and Son sending the Spirit…
--the Church being sent by the Triune God into
the world. (Jn. 20:21)

Missio Dei – Scherer,Missio Dei – Scherer,
IRM, 1987, Oct p.511IRM, 1987, Oct p.511
Two modes of missionTwo modes of mission
• Verkuyl (Contemporary Missiology 1978)–
Missiology is the study of the salvation
activities of the Father, Son and Holy Spirit
through the world geared toward bringing the
Kingdom of God into existence.. Bosch – a
movement from God to the world
• Tippet – the study of man being brought to
God in History – from below – Thomas
Thangaraj

YHWH
Logos = Word
Sign
word -
Language
Code
word –
flesh
word -spirit
Community of God - Trinity
Human Beings

Hinduism
Mission – engaging in this
search for God – participating
in people’s search!

• Mission can no more be claimed by one church
or region but six continents collaborating and
cooperating together
• The first questions in the Old Testament and in
the new testament
• The concept of Missio Dei emerged in 1952 in
the International Missionary Conference at
Willingen
God’s work in the mission of the church and in the secular
history - God’s mission through the church 1952
Missionary Structure of the Congregation – God’s work in the
secular world over and above the church (excluded the church)
1960

Karl Barth – God’s work is only within the Sacred History and
inaccessible to secular historical research whereas
Cullman – God’s work is discernible in the secular History –
(Pachuau Missiology in a pluralistic context IRM 2000)
Bornhoeffer – radical interpretation of the Christian Gospel in
secular terms –non-religious language in half of the churches’ task
in mission and the other half is to witness to their Lord in the midst
of the world through an appropriate style of Life – to become like
Jesus or to form into his likeness - participating in the suffering of
God.
Moltmann – identifies life style as Messianic life-style – The life of
the Christian is messianically qualified by the Gospel – not a
Godless world and a worldless God – life style of the mission
community is to become servant like – Moving from Mission for the
people to Mission of the people (K C Abraham Liberative Solidarity,
1996)

Three Focussing affirmation in the
theology of Mission
• God the Trinity - Our participation in the
mission of the Triune God who created the
word…
• The Body of Christ – The church is the
community of God’s people called to
witness, live and become the visible
mission
• Sent into the world – Obedience to
participate in the action of the Spirit…

3. Christian mission3. Christian mission
is centered onis centered on
witness to thewitness to the
comingcoming KingdomKingdom
of God;of God;
the good news
of Jesus Christ;
the mystery of
the ages, now
made known.

a. Mission concerns aa. Mission concerns a
kingdomkingdom communitycommunity
b. Good news is forb. Good news is for
poorpoor, disenfranchised,, disenfranchised,
unreachedunreached,,
excluded…excluded…
c. Good news involvesc. Good news involves
preachingpreaching andand healinghealing
andand liberatingliberating (Lk.(Lk.
4:16-30)4:16-30)
Therefore…

4.4. The Good News is forThe Good News is for allall
peoplepeople ((panta ethne)panta ethne) and all ofand all of
creation.creation.
Therefore…Therefore…

All peopleAll people have the right to hear and see thehave the right to hear and see the
coming of the Kingdom in power andcoming of the Kingdom in power and
glory.glory.
This GospelThis Gospel reconcilesreconciles all peoplesall peoples

For God so loved theFor God so loved the wholewhole
world…world…

5. Christian mission must5. Christian mission must avoidavoid
reductionismsreductionisms andand dichotomiesdichotomies thatthat
have misrepresented the witness of thehave misrepresented the witness of the
Kingdom in the past:Kingdom in the past:
*evangelism versus social action
*local versus global
* peace versus proclamation
(…as if Christ were divided!)

6. Christian mission involves continuing6. Christian mission involves continuing
thethe sufferingssufferings of Christ for the World.of Christ for the World.
 Success therefore, isSuccess therefore, is
measured asmeasured as
faithfulness,faithfulness,
notnot
productproduct

7.7. Christian mission must be:Christian mission must be:
a. Our model is Jesus, the paradigmatic mission
of God.
b. All four will be costly and misunderstood.
*ecumenical (both global and all churches),
*inclusive (“that all may believe”)
*exclusive (mission is “in Christ”), and
*sacrificial (“unless a seed dies”).

8. Christian mission must be done in8. Christian mission must be done in boldbold
humilityhumility (listening, repenting, doing),(listening, repenting, doing),
representing inrepresenting in whatwhat is done,is done, whowho wewe
represent.represent. Therefore….Therefore….

Mission begins withMission begins with confessionconfession andand
compassioncompassion and continues withand continues with clarityclarity
andand confidence.confidence.

9. The9. The local churchlocal church is the missionary presenceis the missionary presence
in each context, and the sending body.in each context, and the sending body.
 The local church isThe local church is
aa missionmission
outpost…outpost…

……and localand local
churches are tochurches are to
taketake initiativeinitiative
for they are giftedfor they are gifted
and empoweredand empowered
for mission.for mission.

10. Christian mission means10. Christian mission means crossingcrossing
barriersbarriers
There is a differenceThere is a difference
betweenbetween locallocal
ministryministry andand
missionmission

AA new contextnew context where two-thirds of thewhere two-thirds of the
world’s Christians are not westerners.world’s Christians are not westerners.
Therefore,Therefore, wewe
need toneed to rememberremember
past lessons andpast lessons and
learnlearn from peoplefrom people
who arewho are poorer,poorer,
less educatedless educated
and whoand who suffersuffer “in“in
Christ.”Christ.”

Theology must beTheology must be
expressedexpressed..
What does thisWhat does this
mean formean for
you…you…
for your church…for your church…
for ourfor our
churches?churches?

What does it mean, for example, toWhat does it mean, for example, to
keepkeep peacemakingpeacemaking andand
proclamationproclamation together?together?

What does it mean to sacrifice for theWhat does it mean to sacrifice for the
poorest and most needy?poorest and most needy?

What would it mean to proclaimWhat would it mean to proclaim
anan exclusiveexclusive message which ismessage which is
inclusiveinclusive??
Confucius sees theConfucius sees the
nailmarks in thenailmarks in the
hands of Jesus.hands of Jesus.

UniversalityUniversality
Jesus as the Universal, Unique and Absolute
Saviour. He is the truth, the way and the life. John
14:6;Acts 4:12; 1 Corinthians 3:11; 1 Timothy
2:5; 1 John 5:12
Christocentric universe
Ecclesiocentric Universe
Theocentric Universe
Culturalcentric Universe

ApproachesApproaches
 ExclusiveExclusive
 InclusiveInclusive
 PluralisticPluralistic
 Kraemer stated, I propose to set the religionsKraemer stated, I propose to set the religions
including Christianity, in the light of the Personincluding Christianity, in the light of the Person
of Jesus Christ, who is the Revelation of Godof Jesus Christ, who is the Revelation of God
and alone has the authority to criticize – I mean,and alone has the authority to criticize – I mean,
to judge discriminately and with completeto judge discriminately and with complete
understanding – every religion and everythingunderstanding – every religion and everything
that is in man or proceeds from him (Kraemerthat is in man or proceeds from him (Kraemer
H,H, Why Christianity of All Religions?Why Christianity of All Religions? (1962)(1962)

Critique of KraemerCritique of Kraemer
 Fixing the narrative and thus idolising itFixing the narrative and thus idolising it
 Absolutising the languageAbsolutising the language
 Not showing an interest in aNot showing an interest in a
multicultural contextmulticultural context
 Claims and counterclaims lead toClaims and counterclaims lead to
confrontationsconfrontations
 Creating ignorance about ChristianityCreating ignorance about Christianity

 H Kraemer - Any revelation can only beH Kraemer - Any revelation can only be
effectively discerned in the light of the specialeffectively discerned in the light of the special
revelation of Jesus Christ (Religion and therevelation of Jesus Christ (Religion and the
Christian Faith, London: Lutterworth Press 1956Christian Faith, London: Lutterworth Press 1956
232).232).
 D’Costa argues that Kraemer does not onlyD’Costa argues that Kraemer does not only
neglect the dynamic nature of religion as well asneglect the dynamic nature of religion as well as
the creative interaction between beliefs andthe creative interaction between beliefs and
practice because of his emphasis on thepractice because of his emphasis on the
totalitarian nature of religion (Theology andtotalitarian nature of religion (Theology and
Religious Pluralism, Gavin D’Costa 1986).Religious Pluralism, Gavin D’Costa 1986).

Inclusive ApproachInclusive Approach
 In this approach people believe that all non-In this approach people believe that all non-
Christian religious truth belongs ultimately toChristian religious truth belongs ultimately to
Christ. It holds together two convictions: theChrist. It holds together two convictions: the
God’s grace is operating in all religions of theGod’s grace is operating in all religions of the
world that are searching for salvation and theworld that are searching for salvation and the
uniqueness of the manifestation of God’s graceuniqueness of the manifestation of God’s grace
in Christ which makes a universal claim as thein Christ which makes a universal claim as the
final way of salvation - Alan Race, Christiansfinal way of salvation - Alan Race, Christians
and Religious Pluralism: Patterns in Christianand Religious Pluralism: Patterns in Christian
Theology of Religions, 1983Theology of Religions, 1983

Acts 10:35[1]; 14:16f and 17:22-31Acts 10:35[1]; 14:16f and 17:22-31
[1][1] Truly I perceive that God shows no partiality, but in everyTruly I perceive that God shows no partiality, but in every
nation any one who fears him and does what is right is acceptablenation any one who fears him and does what is right is acceptable
to him (10:35).to him (10:35).
Karl Rahner points out the two principles
that have to be kept together which are: the
necessity of Christian faith and the universal
salvific will of God’s love (Karl Rahner,
Theological Investigations, Vol 6, p.391,
1961-84). He outlines four theses– first, he
writes, Christianity understands itself as the
absolute religion, intended for all men, which
cannot recognise any other religion besides
itself as of equal right (Vol 5, p.118, 1966);

secondly, he emphasises on the universal salvific will of God
revealed in Christ. Thus for him a non-Christian religion can
be recognised as a lawful religion (although only in different
degrees) without thereby denying the error and depravity
contained in it (Vol 5, p.121);
 thirdly he argues that a non Christian cannot be considered as
a person deprived of salvific grace, living totally sinful and
depraved condition, untouched in any way by God’s grace and
truth. Those non-Christians who have accepted God’s grace in
the depths of their hearts are called by Rahner as ‘anonymous
Christians’ (vol 5 p.132);
 fourthly for him the church is the tangible sign of the faith,
hope and love made visible, present and irreversible in Christ.

Critical remarksCritical remarks
 Not all religions are sparkedNot all religions are sparked
revelationsrevelations
 Anonymous Christ tooAnonymous Christ too
 Name GameName Game
 Jesus the Christ?Jesus the Christ?
 Christ not exclusively possessed byChrist not exclusively possessed by
ChristiansChristians

Pluralistic ApproachPluralistic Approach
 Tolerance needs to be seen as a Christian moralTolerance needs to be seen as a Christian moral
imperative and as a Christian theological necessity.imperative and as a Christian theological necessity.
Hocking argues the relation between religionsHocking argues the relation between religions
must take increasingly the form of a commonmust take increasingly the form of a common
search for truth (W E Hocking, Rethinkingsearch for truth (W E Hocking, Rethinking
Missions, 1932, p.47). In the tolerant pluralismMissions, 1932, p.47). In the tolerant pluralism
knowledge of God is partial in all faiths, includingknowledge of God is partial in all faiths, including
the Christian and Christianity is the anticipation ofthe Christian and Christianity is the anticipation of
the essence of all religion and so containsthe essence of all religion and so contains
potentially all that any religion has (W E Hockingpotentially all that any religion has (W E Hocking
Living Religions and a World Faith, 1940, p.249).Living Religions and a World Faith, 1940, p.249).

John HickJohn Hick
 His intention is not to destroy religious particularity, butHis intention is not to destroy religious particularity, but
to view different types of religious experience ato view different types of religious experience a
complementary and not mutually exclusive. It is thecomplementary and not mutually exclusive. It is the
question of the relative validity or adequacy of thequestion of the relative validity or adequacy of the
images of God which are alive in the different traditions.images of God which are alive in the different traditions.
 The God whom our minds can comprehend is a humanThe God whom our minds can comprehend is a human
image, inadequate and incomplete, of what is ultimatelyimage, inadequate and incomplete, of what is ultimately
indefinable. Difference in doctrine and theologicalindefinable. Difference in doctrine and theological
statements reflect difference in the historical and culturalstatements reflect difference in the historical and cultural
factors bound up in religious belief. The absoluteness offactors bound up in religious belief. The absoluteness of
the experience is the basis for the absoluteness of thethe experience is the basis for the absoluteness of the
language (Hick in A Race, p.89).language (Hick in A Race, p.89). J Hick, God has ManyJ Hick, God has Many
Names, 1980Names, 1980

CritiqueCritique
 Religious narratives evil or good?!Religious narratives evil or good?!
 Religions are destructiveReligions are destructive
 Narrative and ExperienceNarrative and Experience
 Narrative and TruthsNarrative and Truths
 Many Truths and no truth???Many Truths and no truth???

Reign of GodReign of God
 Four Views – the eschatological (future); theFour Views – the eschatological (future); the
spiritual (mystical); the political (earthlyspiritual (mystical); the political (earthly
empire); the ecclesiastical (Christendom)empire); the ecclesiastical (Christendom)
(Viviano 1988; Driver 1993 – cf W R Shenk(Viviano 1988; Driver 1993 – cf W R Shenk
Changing Frontiers of Mission)Changing Frontiers of Mission)
 Messianic resurgence against hopelessnessMessianic resurgence against hopelessness
oppression point to a hope and promise ofoppression point to a hope and promise of
reign of God (Ooesterwal 1973)reign of God (Ooesterwal 1973)
 Kant – Imminent religious experience andKant – Imminent religious experience and
Schweitzer – Objective messianic KingdomSchweitzer – Objective messianic Kingdom
into which one entersinto which one enters

Reign of God and MissionReign of God and Mission
 Vision of Mission as fulfilling God’sVision of Mission as fulfilling God’s
mission – Reign of God as purpose,mission – Reign of God as purpose,
goal and aim of mission.goal and aim of mission.
 God’s reign disturbs and triggerGod’s reign disturbs and trigger
reactions 1. exposes egocentricreactions 1. exposes egocentric
structure of human nature andstructure of human nature and
behaviour 2. challenges humanbehaviour 2. challenges human
motivation and character at themotivation and character at the
deepest levels by unmasking thedeepest levels by unmasking the
nature of power against God.nature of power against God.
(Individualistic or communitarian)(Individualistic or communitarian)

Mission in Reign of GodMission in Reign of God
 RealizationRealization
 InvitationInvitation
 ExpectationExpectation
 SalvationSalvation
 ParticipationParticipation
 ProclamationProclamation
 RecreationRecreation

Work of the Holy SpiritWork of the Holy Spirit
 Gen 1:2b Spirit of God on WatersGen 1:2b Spirit of God on Waters
 John 1:32 Spirit descendingJohn 1:32 Spirit descending
 Luke 24:45; Acts 1:8 Coming ofLuke 24:45; Acts 1:8 Coming of
Spirit for continuation of messianicSpirit for continuation of messianic
missionmission
 Acts 2 Joel’s prophesyActs 2 Joel’s prophesy
 Spirit is God’s life Mt 3:11 judges,Spirit is God’s life Mt 3:11 judges,
purifies and blends together partspurifies and blends together parts

Spirit of God in MissionSpirit of God in Mission
 The Spirit is God so involved in the worldThe Spirit is God so involved in the world
(immanence – to remain within) that we(immanence – to remain within) that we
need constantly to be amazed andneed constantly to be amazed and
challenged by God’s presencechallenged by God’s presence
(transcendence – being surpass and(transcendence – being surpass and
independent of physical being) [Bevans,independent of physical being) [Bevans,
1998, IBMR].1998, IBMR].
 Spirit prior agency in missionSpirit prior agency in mission
Before and after JesusBefore and after Jesus
Jesus as the face of the Spirit –Jesus as the face of the Spirit –
Mystery Yet to understandMystery Yet to understand

Holy Spirit and MissionHoly Spirit and Mission
 Babel and KoinoniaBabel and Koinonia
 Shown as leader Jesus’ baptism, temptation,Shown as leader Jesus’ baptism, temptation,
inauguration of ministry, resurrection…inauguration of ministry, resurrection…
 Spirit precedes and follows JesusSpirit precedes and follows Jesus
 No Mission without Holy Spirit (Lk 24:49; ActsNo Mission without Holy Spirit (Lk 24:49; Acts
1:4) equipping and empowering as the spirit1:4) equipping and empowering as the spirit
of Jesus (2 Cor 3:8;47-10)of Jesus (2 Cor 3:8;47-10)
 Holy spirit holds together two poles of God’sHoly spirit holds together two poles of God’s
saving act - Christological and eschatologicalsaving act - Christological and eschatological

Contextual Understanding ofContextual Understanding of
MissionMission
 ContextualizationContextualization
relates Gospel andrelates Gospel and
the church to athe church to a
local contextlocal context

Mission asMission as
adaptation;adaptation;
accommodation;accommodation;
indigenization;indigenization;
contextualization;contextualization;
InculturationInculturation
Roberto De Nobili (1577-1656 A.D.)
Francis Xavier
Henry Martin

Caring not role modeled: ReligionCaring not role modeled: Religion
sans caring-IIsans caring-II
If I am at prayer…I will not leave
my prayer and go to help
someone…I don’t think it is
important.
If I leave my god and my karma
and help someone then my god
will get angry…my karma will be
lost…

Did god role model healing?Did god role model healing?
There is no such example
of God role modeling
healing

One of the most difficult austerities a
practitioner can attempt is to hold his
arm upright in the air for twelve years.
It is said that if successfully completed,
the practice results in the attainment of
supernatural powers

Perhaps the most well known
austerity is lying on a bed of
sharp nails to overcome the
limitations of the physical
body.

Offerings are made to a mediator who is buried up to the
neck in sand. He suppresses the sensations of the flesh
while attempting to free his mind through meditation.

Three Functions ofThree Functions of
ContextualizationContextualization
 1. To communicate the Gospel in1. To communicate the Gospel in
word and deed; to establish theword and deed; to establish the
church in ways that make sense tochurch in ways that make sense to
the people within their local context;the people within their local context;
to present Christianity that meetsto present Christianity that meets
people’s deepest needs and topeople’s deepest needs and to
penetrate their worldview; to allowpenetrate their worldview; to allow
them to follow Christ and to remainthem to follow Christ and to remain
within their own culture. (Whitemanwithin their own culture. (Whiteman
1999)1999)

To offendTo offend
 2. To offend for the right reasons not2. To offend for the right reasons not
for the wrong ones… propheticallyfor the wrong ones… prophetically
and constructively critique theand constructively critique the
oppressive structures and behaviouroppressive structures and behaviour
patterns within a particular culturepatterns within a particular culture
Andrew Walls: not for the adoptionAndrew Walls: not for the adoption
of a new culture but from theof a new culture but from the
transformation of mind towards thattransformation of mind towards that
of Christ.of Christ.

Mission in reverseMission in reverse
 To Develop contextualizedTo Develop contextualized
expressions of the Gospel so that theexpressions of the Gospel so that the
Gospel itself will be understood inGospel itself will be understood in
was the universal church has neitherwas the universal church has neither
experienced nor understood before;experienced nor understood before;
to expand our understanding of theto expand our understanding of the
kingdom of God… The challenge iskingdom of God… The challenge is
creating a community that is bothcreating a community that is both
Christian and true to its own culturalChristian and true to its own cultural
heritage.heritage.

ResistanceResistance
 From those who fear ofFrom those who fear of
SyncretismSyncretism
 From the mission sponsors andFrom the mission sponsors and
denominational leadersdenominational leaders
 From the church and their leaders locallyFrom the church and their leaders locally
Contextualization –transforms the contextContextualization –transforms the context
(prophetic); expands our understanding of(prophetic); expands our understanding of
the Gospel (hermeneutic); changesthe Gospel (hermeneutic); changes
missionaries (personal) [Whiteman]missionaries (personal) [Whiteman]

Justice and PeaceJustice and Peace
 Justice for Poor, for people at theJustice for Poor, for people at the
margins…margins…
 Economic Structural change? Blaming eachEconomic Structural change? Blaming each
other? Not sharing the resources anyway!other? Not sharing the resources anyway!
Nature or God to be blamed?Nature or God to be blamed?
 Justice is based on supreme Value ofJustice is based on supreme Value of
human personality. We are all born withhuman personality. We are all born with
reciprocal rights and obligations (Morrisreciprocal rights and obligations (Morris
Ginsberg)Ginsberg)
 Only Faith in God leads to Justice (Kirk) –Only Faith in God leads to Justice (Kirk) –
not a social contract or secular motivationnot a social contract or secular motivation
but through missions only Justice possiblebut through missions only Justice possible

Justice in MissionJustice in Mission
 God is just (Mic 6:8; Isa 58:6; Ps 72:1-4)God is just (Mic 6:8; Isa 58:6; Ps 72:1-4)
 Justice is harmony through rightJustice is harmony through right
relationship (Lev 25:8ff; Liberate allrelationship (Lev 25:8ff; Liberate all
Lev25:13,23,35; 39-41)Lev25:13,23,35; 39-41)
 Jubilee means release (Ex 21:2-6; 23:10f;Jubilee means release (Ex 21:2-6; 23:10f;
Deut 15:1-18; Jer 34:8-12; Neh 5:1-13)Deut 15:1-18; Jer 34:8-12; Neh 5:1-13)
Jubilee is liberationJubilee is liberation
 Nazereth Manifesto (Luke 4:16-19) EarlyNazereth Manifesto (Luke 4:16-19) Early
church and economic practice (Acts 2:44f)church and economic practice (Acts 2:44f)
concern for poor, end is hereconcern for poor, end is here
 Value of life, no private owner,Value of life, no private owner,
responsibility before Godresponsibility before God

Mission and JusticeMission and Justice
 Knowing God of Justice – no peaceKnowing God of Justice – no peace
without justice (Jer 6:14; Isa 57:21)without justice (Jer 6:14; Isa 57:21)
 Proclaiming the Gospel of JusticeProclaiming the Gospel of Justice
 Making preferential option for theMaking preferential option for the
poorpoor
 Overcoming materialismOvercoming materialism
 Practical guide – minimum wage, fairPractical guide – minimum wage, fair
trade, cancellation of debt, equitabletrade, cancellation of debt, equitable
distribution of wealth…distribution of wealth…

Critical Approaches to MissionCritical Approaches to Mission
particularly of Bosch’sparticularly of Bosch’s
 Lack of emphasis on women’s role in missionLack of emphasis on women’s role in mission
and missiologyand missiology
 Indigenous spirituality and ecological concernsIndigenous spirituality and ecological concerns
neglectedneglected
 Reference to the third world mission writers isReference to the third world mission writers is
missingmissing
 Context is given a secondary place and soContext is given a secondary place and so
from above approach is therefrom above approach is there
 Post colonial, post modern approachesPost colonial, post modern approaches
emerge, Globalisation, pentecostalism,emerge, Globalisation, pentecostalism,
teleevangelism, cross cultural issues (teleevangelism, cross cultural issues (JohnJohn
RoxboroghRoxborogh 2001, After Bosch…)2001, After Bosch…)

EschatonEschaton

Conversion and BaptismConversion and Baptism

3b theological understanding of mission1

Recomendados

Recomendados

Mais conteúdo relacionado

Mais procurados

Mais procurados (19)

Destaque

Destaque (7)

Semelhante a 3b theological understanding of mission1

Semelhante a 3b theological understanding of mission1 (20)

Mais de joshva raja john

Mais de joshva raja john (20)

3b theological understanding of mission1