OpenSCAP is tool to evaluating vm and docker container/image for security scanning. This doc show how to use OpenSCAP to do security scanning

1. OpenSCAP
SCAP
What is SCAP?
SCAP Components
OpenSCAP
What is OpenSCAP?
OpenSCAP Component
OpenSCAP Base :
OpenSCAP Daemon:
OpenSCAP Workbench:
SCAPTimony
OSCAP Anaconda Add-on
SCAP Security Guide
DEMO - OpenSCAP CLI
0. Test Environment
0.1. Download images RHEL/Centos
0.2. Deploy images
1. Install Necessary OpenSCAP Package
2. Evaluate Image with xccdf
3. Evaluate Image about CVE
4. Evaluate container with xccdf
5. Evaluate container about CVE
6. Useful Commands:
6.1. How to list profiles from xccdf file.
Atomic scan
1. What is ‘atomic scan’?
2. How atomic scan work?
3. atomic scan commands
3.1. Check Scanner
3.2. Evaluation Image/container
3.3. atomic scan help
4. OpenSCAP in Red Hat Projects
4.1. Satellite 6.2
4.2. Cloud Forms 4.1
5.Pros and Cons
5.1. Pros
5.2. Cons
6.TIP

2. How to start OpenSCAP workbench
Reference
Object :
This documentation is for who look for a good asset that do security scanning. I suppose
audience some knowledge about RHEL/Fedora and docker. It will explain brief SCAP
components such as XCCDF, OVAL but it would not be main topics so it might not meet your
expectation. This doc is more concentrate on how to use OpenSCAP with CLI and Red Hat
Products. In addition, it is especially good for OpenShift Container Platform engineer who have
being asked about docker image security by customer.
Description :
Over the last few years, docker is not a hot topic but also effect changing the development
methodology. It influences developer to use docker image as a part of development. Many
groups and companies have started to create their own images with various libraries. With these
reasons, the scanning container or images are becoming more important to check for known
vulnerabilities and configuration problems. In order to be cope with it, Red Hat has been building
a scanning tool based on OpenSCAP project. Apart from the tried and true OpenSCAP project,
Red Hat also start to build another tool “ atomic scan”. With the understood of the underlying
architecture, it uses OpenSCAP SPC container which mount up read only rootfs from host’s file
system so it could not affect to host system. Only the folder that store result output is writeable.
This doc will describe from SCAP, OpenSCAP, atomic scan to OpenSCAP in Red Hat Projects.
SCAP
What is SCAP?
S​ecurity ​C​ontent ​A​utomation ​P​rotocol is a method for using specific standards to enable the
automated vulnerability management, measurement, and policy compliance evaluation of
systems deployed in an organization, including e.g.,​ ​FISMA​ compliance. The​ ​National
Vulnerability Database​ (NVD) is the U.S. government content repository for SCAP.
- en.wikipedia.org/(http://goo.gl/10MH80)

3. SCAP Components
● XCCDF: The Extensible Configuration Checklist Description Format
● OVAL®: Open Vulnerability and Assessment Language
● CCE™: Common Configuration Enumeration
● CPE™: Common Platform Enumeration
● CVE®: Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
● CVSS: Common Vulnerability Scoring System
All components are the vulnerability management systems and they use their own formatted file.
OpenSCAP
What is OpenSCAP?
It is Open Source Security Compliance Solution. In other words, it is implementation to evaluate
VM/Images/Containers using SCAP components. With OpenSCAP, you can easily fulfil security
scanning because it also provide SSG(Scap Security Guide)
● Homepage of the project:​ ​www.open-scap.org
● Manual:​ ​Oscap User Manual
● GitHub: ​https://github.com/OpenSCAP/openscap
OpenSCAP Component
OpenSCAP Base :
OpenSCAP Base provides a ​command line tool
OpenSCAP Daemon:
The Daemon is a service that makes sure your machines and containers are evaluated
according to the ​schedule​.

4. OpenSCAP Workbench:
This user friendly ​graphical utility​ offers an easy way to tailor​ ​SCAP​ content to your needs,
perform local or remote scans, and export results.
SCAPTimony
SCAPtimony is open source compliance center built on top of SCAP. It gives full testimony
about compliance of your ​infrastructure​. Users are currently advised to use SCAPtimony only
through​ ​foreman_openscap​ which is used in Satellite.
https://github.com/OpenSCAP/scaptimony
OSCAP Anaconda Add-on
An add-on for installer used by Fedora and Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7. It enables you to
enforce a system’s compliance with the targeted security profile before the ​first boot​.
oscap command:
SCAP Security Guide
OpenSCAP ​content​ primarily for Red Hat Enterprise Linux. The Security Guide provides
practical hardening advice and links it to compliance requirements in order to ease deployment
activities such as certification and accreditation.
DEMO - OpenSCAP CLI
0. Test Environment
OpenSCAP Installed OS :
- Fedora 23
- RHEL 7.2
Security Scanning Target OS :
- RHEL 7.2 (VM) → TBD
- RHEL 7.2 (Image)
- CentOS 7 (Image)

5. - RHEL 7.2 (Container)
- CentOS 7 (Container)
0.1. Download images RHEL/Centos
# docker pull rhel7
# docker pull centos
Note: For RHEL, registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7 and docker.io/centos are downloaded
For Fedora, docker.io/rhel7 and docker.io/centos are downloaded
0.2. Deploy images
# docker run -it registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7 /bin/bash
##Type Ctrl + P + Q
# docker run -it docker.io/centos /bin/bash
## Type Ctrl + P + Q
# docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
c17b32667a26 docker.io/centos "/bin/bash" 15 seconds ago Up 14 seconds evil_meninsky
5e4c4ff04211 registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7 "/bin/bash" 2 minutes ago Up 2 minutes
1. Install Necessary OpenSCAP Package
on Fedara
# dnf install openscap scap-security-guide openscap-containers openscap-utils
openscap-scanner openscap-daemon atomic
on RHEL
yum install openscap openscap-utils scap-security-guide atomic
Note: openscap, scap-security-guide is already installed.

6. Scap Security Guide Path ​: /usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/
Fedora has more files compared to RHEL.
2. Evaluate Image with xccdf
oscap-docker image registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7 xccdf eval --report
result-xccdf-image.html --verbose DEVEL --profile standard
/usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/ssg-rhel7-xccdf.xml
Result is in SCAP_RESULT folder: result-xccdf-image.html
3. Evaluate Image about CVE
oscap-docker image-cve registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7 --report result-cve-image.html
--verbose DEVEL
Result is in SCAP_RESULT folder: result-cve-image.html
4. Evaluate container with xccdf
oscap-docker container ​5e4c4ff04211​ xccdf eval --report result-xccdf-container.html --verbose
DEVEL --profile standard /usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/ssg-rhel7-xccdf.xml
Result is in SCAP_RESULT folder: result-xccdf-container.html
5. Evaluate container about CVE
oscap-docker container-cve ​5e4c4ff04211​ xccdf eval --report result-xccdf-container.html
--verbose DEVEL --profile standard /usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/ssg-rhel7-xccdf.xml
Result is in SCAP_RESULT folder: result-cve-container.html

7. 6. Useful Commands:
6.1. How to list profiles from xccdf file.
# oscap info /usr/share/xml/scap/ssg/content/ssg-rhel7-xccdf.xml
Document type: XCCDF Checklist
Checklist version: 1.1
Imported: 2015-10-02T06:17:44
Status: draft
Generated: 2015-10-02
Resolved: true
Profiles:
standard
pci-dss
rht-ccp
common
stig-rhel7-server-upstream
Referenced check files:
ssg-rhel7-oval.xml
system: http://oval.mitre.org/XMLSchema/oval-definitions-5
Atomic scan
1. What is ‘atomic scan’?
In the world of containers, there is a desperate need to be able to scan container images for
known vulnerabilities and configuration problems, and as we proliferate containers and bundled
applications into the enterprise, many groups and companies have started to build container
scanning tools. Even Red Hat has been building a scanning tool based on the tried and true
OpenSCAP​ project, but there were several problems we saw time and again.
The problems with existing container scanning tools included:
● Either these tools were required to be installed on the host, or if they were installed via a
container they would have to be very privileged; therefore, the containers themselves
could use that authority on the host machine.

8. ● They were being hard coded to only support a single container framework – docker.
● We saw some very slow implementations, where the container scanning tools were
actually copying all of the content out of the container image, then scanning the content,
and finally removing the content. You can image how inefficient this could be for
hundreds or thousands of images or containers.
We decided we wanted to build a tool, ​atomic​ scan, that understood the underlying architecture
and could download and run containers with scanning tools in them. But, we also didn’t want the
scanning tools to be privileged; the atomic tool would be able to mount up read only rootfs from
the host’s file system. These mounted file systems could then be passed onto the scanning
container, along with a writeable directory for the scanner to place its output.
“ Introducing atomic scan
– Container vulnerability detection (http://goo.gl/DRoSmm)”
2. How atomic scan work?
Basically atomic is using OpenSCAP with SPC(Super Privileged Container) but it mounts host
storage with Readable right because, as above blog said, it does not need to write anything
except output result.

9. The useful blog : http://goo.gl/9eJkgJ
3. atomic scan commands
3.1. Check Scanner
Scanner is pluggable so later, new scanner will be developed.
# atomic scan --list
Scanner: openscap
Image Name: rhel7/openscap
Scan type: cve *
Description: Performs a CVE scan based on known CVE data
Scan type: standards_compliance
Description: Performs a standard scan
* denotes defaults
Configuration file is /etc/atomic.conf
3.2. Evaluation Image/container
registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/openscap will be downloaded automatically and atomic will
use it as SPC.
# atomic scan registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7
docker run -it --rm -v /etc/localtime:/etc/localtime -v
/run/atomic/2016-08-25-13-49-18-619455:/scanin -v
/var/lib/atomic/openscap/2016-08-25-13-49-18-619455:/scanout:rw,Z -v
/etc/oscapd:/etc/oscapd:ro rhel7/openscap oscapd-evaluate scan --no-standard-compliance
--targets chroots-in-dir:///scanin --output /scanout
Unable to find image 'rhel7/openscap:latest' locally
Trying to pull repository registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/openscap ...
latest: Pulling from registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/openscap
ee4aeaf2fc2d: Already exists
95ce96315363: Pulling fs layer
95ce96315363: Verifying Checksum
95ce96315363: Download complete
95ce96315363: Pull complete
95ce96315363: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4ceff2a3a57fe8c40c9d5d4c6e73fe3e5955e8281c0cf488d4c385bff1ff6e0d
Status: Downloaded newer image for registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7/openscap:latest

10. registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7 (sha256:4a6b6e1a)
registry.access.redhat.com/rhel7 is not supported for this scan.
Files associated with this scan are in
/var/lib/atomic/openscap/2016-08-25-13-49-18-619455.
Report path : ​/var/lib/atomic/openscap/2016-08-25-13-49-18-619455
Result json:​ ${Image_SHA}/json
/var/lib/atomic/openscap/2016-08-25-13-49-18-619455​/sha256:4a6b6e1a17d70b7f67787aaee
800c1fdb4b145dd3f7ae48959f5d41286eadb0b/json
As for Fedora, sometimes you need to do some more steps to use the SPC
# docker pull docker.io/rhel7/openscap
# atomic install docker.io/rhel7/openscap
3.3. atomic scan help
[root@localhost
sha256:4a6b6e1a17d70b7f67787aaee800c1fdb4b145dd3f7ae48959f5d41286eadb0b]#
atomic scan -h
usage: atomic scan [-h] [--scanner {openscap}] [--scan_type SCAN_TYPE]
[--list] [--verbose] [--rootfs [ROOTFS] | --all | --images
| --containers]
[scan_targets [scan_targets ...]]
positional arguments:
scan_targets container image
optional arguments:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--scanner {openscap} define the intended scanner
--scan_type SCAN_TYPE
define the intended scanner
--list List available scanners
--verbose Show more output from scanning container
--rootfs [ROOTFS] Rootfs path to scan
--all scan all images (excluding intermediate layers) and

11. containers
--images scan all images (excluding intermediate layers)
--containers scan all containers
atomic scan <input> scans a container or image for CVEs
3.4. How to cope with vulnerable image?
Q. ​If atomic scan or OpenSCAP find any CVEs on any official images, what is next steps? Should I create
support case for them every time to get new images?
GSS Answer:
Broadly we'd like to handle and track fixes for Red Hat maintained images on a image by image or case by
case basis. That is the recommended flow. Keep in mind that the cloud enablement team will continually be
working to offer updated product images to follow along with general product releases outside of xPaas. You
can refer to this public kcs article for additional information on the goal for xPaas image releases.
https://access.redhat.com/articles/2208321
4. OpenSCAP in Red Hat Projects
4.1. Satellite 6.2
4.2. Cloud Forms 4.1
5.Pros and Cons
5.1. Pros
● OpenSCAP has received a​ NIST​ certification for its support of SCAP 1.2.
● Red Hat sponsor OpenSCAP
● Red Hat support OpenSCAP with RHEL Subscription

12. ● Red Hat Enterprise Linux operating system 7 contains OpenSCAP packages
● OpenSCAP start to support docker image/container*
● Red Hat integrated OpenSCAP with Red Hat Products ( Satellite 6.2 / CloudForms 4.1
)**
* it can scan only RHEL based docker images/containers
** it is officially supported from Satellite 6.2 / CloudForms 4.1
5.2. Cons
- Can evaluate RHEL based image only
6.TIP
How to start OpenSCAP workbench
Reference:
https://www.open-scap.org/resources/documentation/customizing-scap-security-guide-for-your-u
se-case/
Reference
RHEL 7 Document
https://access.redhat.com/documentation/en-US/Red_Hat_Enterprise_Linux/7/html/Security_Gu
ide/chap-Compliance_and_Vulnerability_Scanning.html#sect-Security_Compliance_in_RHEL
atomic scan and openscap-daemon
https://martin.preisler.me/2015/11/atomic-scan-and-openscap-daemon/
Introducing atomic scan – Container vulnerability detection
http://developers.redhat.com/blog/2016/05/02/introducing-atomic-scan-container-vulnerability-de
tection/

13. SPC
http://developers.redhat.com/blog/2014/11/06/introducing-a-super-privileged-container-concept/