The document discusses several psychotic disorders including schizophrenia, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, and schizophreniform disorder. It outlines the key diagnostic criteria and symptoms for each disorder such as delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech. The document also provides information on prevalence, development, and course of illness for each disorder. For example, it states that schizophrenia has a lifetime prevalence of 0.3-0.7% and typically has an onset in early to mid-20s for males and late 20s for females.

1. SCHIZOPHRENIA
SPECTRUM AND OTHER
PSYCHOTIC
DISORDERS
PREPARED BY:
CARDOZA, BLESILDA C.
III- 10 BS PSYCHOLOGY

2. Key Features That Define the
Psychotic Disorders
 Delusions
 Hallucinations
 Disorganized Thinking (Speech)
 Grossly Disorganized or Abnormal Motor
Behavior (Including Catatonia)
 Negative Symptoms

3. Delusions
are fixed beliefs that are not
amenable to change in light of
conflicting evidence.

4. VARIETY OF THEMES
 Persecutory Delusions- going to be harmed,
harassed.
 Referential Delusions- certain gestures,
comments, environmental cues are directed
to oneself.
 Grandiose Delusions- believes that he/she
has exceptional abilities, wealth or fame.

5.  Erotomanic Delusions- believes falsely that
another person is in love with him or her.
 Nihilistic Delusions- involve the conviction
that a major catastrophe will occur.
 Somatic Delusions- focus on
preoccupations regarding health and organ
function.

6. Hallucinations
Perception-like
experiences that occur
within an external stimulus.
may occur in any sensory
modality, but auditory
hallucinations are the most
common in Schizophrenia.

7. Disorganized Thinking
(SPEECH)
 switch from one topic to
another.
 Answers to questions may be
obliquely related.
 Speaking in unintelligible
words and sentences.

8. Grossly Disorganized or Abnormal Motor
Behavior (INCLUDING CATATONIA)
 may manifest itself in a variety of ways,
ranging from childlike “silliness” to
unpredictable agitation.
 CATATONIA
 Negativism
 Mutism and Stupor
 Catatonic
Excitement

9. Negative Symptoms
 Absence or insufficiency of normal
behavior.
 Examples are emotional/social
withdrawal, apathy, and poverty of
thought/speech.

10. SYMPTOMS THAT ARE PROMINENT
TO SCHIZOPRENIA
1) Diminished Emotional Expression- reductions in
the expression of emotions in the face,
eye contact, intonation of speech and
movements of the hand, head and face
that normally give an emotional emphasis
to speech.
2) Avolition- decrease in motivated self-
initiated purposeful activities.

11. 3) Alogia – A relative absence of
speech.
4) Anhedonia- Inability to experience
pleasure or engage in pleasurable
activities.
5) Asociality- apparent lack of interest in
social interactions.

12. DELUSIONAL DISORDER

13. Diagnostic Criteria
 Presence of one or more delusions with a
duration of 1 month or longer.
 Apart from the impact of the delusion(s) or its
ramifications, functioning is not markedly
impaired and behavior is not obviously odd or
bizarre.
 If mood episodes have occurred concurrently
with delusions, their total duration has been
brief relative to the duration of the delusional
periods.
 The disturbance is not due to the direct
physiological effects of a substance (drug

14. Subtypes
 Erotomanic Type- another person is in
love with the individual. (e.g., a famous
individual or a superior at work)
 Grandiose Type- having some great talent
or insight or of having made some
important discovery.
 Jealous Type- sexual partner is being
unfaithful.

15.  Persecutory Type- they are being
subjected to spying, stalking, rumors.
 Somatic Type- belief of having some
physical illness or disorder whose nature is
delusionaly absurd.

16. Prevalence
 The lifetime prevalence of delusional
disorder has been estimated at around 0.2
%.
 Most frequent subtype is PERSECUTORY
TYPE.
 JEALOUS TYPE is most common in males
than in females.

17. Development and Course
 Has a significant familial relationship with
Schizophrenia. Although it can occur in
younger age groups, the condition may be
more prevalent in older individuals.

18. Brief Psychotic Disorder

19. DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA
 presence of one or more of the ff.
symptoms:
a) Delusions
b) Hallucinations
c) Disorganized Speech
d) Grossly Disorganized or Catatonic
Behavior
 duration of an episode of the disturbance is
at least 1 day but less than 1 month, with

20. Prevalence
 In United States, brief psychotic disorder
may account for 9 % of cases of first onset
psychosis.
 More common in females than males.

21. Development and Course
 may appear in adolescence or early
adulthood, and onset can occur across the
lifespan, with the average age at onset
being the mid 30s.
 For some individuals, the duration of
Psychotic symptoms may be quite brief.
(e.g., a few days)

23. DIAGNOSTIC CRITIERIA
 Two or more of the ff., each present for a
significant portion of time during a 1-month
period. At least one of these must be:
a) Delusions
b) Hallucinations
c) Disorganized Speech
d) Grossly Disorganized or Catatonic
Behavior
e) Negative Symptoms

24.  an episode of the disorder lasts at least 1 month
but less than 6 months. When the diagnosis
must be made without waiting for recover, it
should be qualified as PROVISIONAL.
 not attributable to the physiological effects of a
substance.

25. Prevalence
 in U.S. and other developed countries , the
incidence is low, possibly fivefold less than
that of schizophrenia.
 in some settings Schizophreniform disorder
may be as common as Schizophrenia.

26. Development and Course
 About 1/3 of individuals with an initial
diagnosis of Schizophreniform disorder
recover within the 6-month period and
schizophreniform disorder is their final
diagnosis.
 The majority of the remaining 2/3 of individuals
will eventually receive a diagnosis of
Schizophrenia.

27. Schizophrenia

28. DIAGNOSTIC CRITIERIA
 Two or more of the ff., each present for a
significant portion of time during a 1-month period.
a) Delusions
b) Hallucinations
c) Disorganized Speech
d) Grossly Disorganized or Catatonic Behavior
e) Negative Symptoms

29.  Significant problems functioning at work or school,
relating to other people, and taking care of oneself.
 Continuous signs of the disturbance persist for at least
6 months.
 Not attributable to the physiological effects of a
substance.
 If there is a history of autism spectrum disorder or a
communication disorder of childhood onset, the
additional diagnosis of Schizophrenia is made only if
prominent delusions or hallucinations, In addition to
the other required symptoms of Schizophrenia, are
also present for at least 1 month.

30. Prevalence
 the lifetime prevalence of Schizophrenia
appears to be approximately 0.3 %- 0.7 %.
 The sex ratio differs across samples and
populations.

31. Development and Course
 The peek age at onset for the first psychotic
episode is in the early-to-mid 20s for males
and in the late-20s for females.
 Children who later receive the diagnosis of
Schizophrenia are more likely to have
experienced nonspecific emotional-behavioral
disturbances and psychopathology.

32. Thank You! 