Identifying the pattern

1. Identifying the pattern
Saeed Mohmmed AlQahtani

2. The Cause/Effect Pattern.
It's a regular way that something is organized or done.
Common Patterns in
Paragraphs
What is a pattern?
The listing pattern.
The Comparison Pattern.
The Sequence.

3. began a very long time ago,The first people came to the island from South America in
about 3,500 B.C.E. They lived by hunting meat and gathering plants in the forests. Two
thousand years later, a new group of people came to the island. They knew how to farm
and fish and how to build simple houses. Then in about 1,100 c.E., another group of
people arrived (the Taino). They built villages, had a government, and could make boats
and clothing. Columbus saw these people on October 27, 1492 during his famous first trip
to the New World.
Main idea: The history of the island of Cuba.
THE HISTORY OF THE ISLAND OF CUBA

4. The Comparison PATTERN
In this pattern, the main idea tells you about two things, people, or ideas. It tells how they are
,similar, different, or both. The paragraph tells about the ways they are similar or different.
Modena and Ferrara are both interesting, smaller Italian cities, and they are similar in many ways. First, they are
in the same area in the north of Italy, in the Po River valley. Both cities also have long histories and have central
streets with many old buildings. Some of the buildings in Modena even look similar to those in Ferrara. Finally, the
streets in both Modena and Ferrara are always full of bicycles. Many people use bicycles in these cities to go to
work or to go shopping.
Main idea: Modena and Ferrara are both interesting, smaller Italian cities.
Explanation:
-The first sentence is also the main idea sentence.
-The words both and similar tell us there will be a comparison.
- It tells abut similarities.
- The signal words are same, similar, a lot like, both.

5. For the main idea:
Any of the signal words below may be included in the main idea.
For the supporting facts and ideas:
Words that show similarity alike, like, similar, same, also, both, too
Words that show difference:
different, unlike, but, however, while, on the other.
COMMON SIGNAL WORDS FOR THE COMPARISON

6. A. Read these comparison pattern paragraphs. Write the main ideas. Circle the signal words and
phrases, Then underline the supporting facts and ideas
People sometimes think that lemons and limes are the same fruit. But in fact they are quite different. First of
all, they are a different color. Lemons are green at first, but then they become yellow. However, limes remain
green. Limes also taste different from lemons. Finally, lemons are grown all over the world, but limes are
grown in only a few places. This is because lemons are a very old fruit. People have grown them for
thousands of years. Limes, on the other hand, are a new fruit. Scientists made them from lemons only about
70 years ago.
Main idea: lemons and limes are different

7. In this pattern, the main idea tells you that something causes something else (or is
caused by something else). The paragraph tells about the causes and/or the effects.
Sometimes the cause comes first and sometimes the effect comes first.
For example;
Cause effect
effect Cause
A. Shoes with high heels can cause foot problems
B. Foot problems are caused by shoes with high heels
The Cause/Effect Pattern

8. A. These paragraphs have a cause/effect pattern. Read each paragraph and write the main
idea. Then underline the supporting facts and ideas.
Why did many people from other European countries move to Ireland after 2001? One important cause was
economic. Many big international companies moved to Ireland and there was lots of work. There were also
political reasons. New laws made it easier for people to move around Europe, so people from Eastern Europe
could go to work in Western Europe. They didn't have to get special papers anymore. Many of these Eastern
Europeans knew some English. Because of this, some went to England, but many went to Ireland.
Main idea: reasons of moving to Irland after 2001.
Explanation:
- The first sentence is the main idea sentence
-The word why tells us there will be a cause/effect pattern.
- It tells about the causes.
-The signal words are cause, reasons, because of.

9. A. Read these cause/effect pattern paragraphs. Write the main ideas. Circle the
signal words and phrases. Then underline the supporting facts and ideas.
Health and Medicine
1. Why do so many people in the United States take vitamins? Americans spend millions of
dollars on them every month, more than in any other country. One reason for this is the unhealthy
lifestyle of many Americans. In fact, many people don't exercise much and don't eat good food.
But they want to stay healthy, so they take vitamins. It's easier than changing their lives. The big
spending of Americans on vitamins is also the effect of advertising. Big companies advertise
vitamins as the quick and easy way to take care of health problems. These ads are not always
true, but many people believe them. As a result, people buy more and more vitamins.
Main idea: Why do many people in United States
take vitamins

10. Thank you all