Short term agronomic gains from CA in NW China. Allen McHugh
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Presentation from the WCCA 2011 event held in Brisbane, Australia.
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Short term agronomic gains from CA in NW China. Allen McHugh
- 1. Short term agronomic gains from Conservation Agriculture in NW China Dr A.D. (Jack) McHugh Li Hongwen, Ma Zhongming, Cao Xinhui and Zhang Liqin
- 2. Gansu Province & Hexi Corridor Jiuquan Zhangye Shandan Wuwei
- 6. 25 dust st or m 20 es 20 dust st or m t i m 15 13 14 10 8 5 5 0 Dust storms increase with 50s 60s 70s 80s 90s mechanisation and tillage a decade Data: Zhang Liqin – Gansu Academy of Agricultural Science Desertification near Wuwei city
- 11. Comparative study between: CA No Till permanent raised beds (PRB) (20% land dedicated to furrows) Traditional farming (CT) Fresh raised beds (FRB) (20% land dedicated to furrows) Zero tillage (Flat system) (ZT) (20% land dedicated to permanent wheel tracks)
- 14. 500000 PRB ZT FRB CT 2 f ul l ear s/ 666m PRB 450000 FRB 400000 350000 300000 ZT CT 2006 2007 2009 Ave. year s 40 PRB ZT FRB CT PRB ZT FRB CT 48 w ght / t housands gr ai ns 37 46 ker nel s/ ear 34 44 31 42 28 40 ei 25 38 2006 2007 2009 Ave. 2006 2007 2009 Ave. year s year s
- 15. 6300 6088. 57 2006 5800 yi el d ( kg/ ha) 5575. 87 5420. 32 5306. 17 5300 4800 CT PRB ZT FRB 7200 7132. 20 2007 6800 6600 yi el d( kg/ ha) 6651. 75 6462. 80 6458. 85 6355. 92 6356. 40 6400 6300 yi el d( kg/ hm) 2 6000 5992. 34 CT PRB ZT FRB 6000 5833. 46 7000 6520. 3 6680. 3 2009 5700 6200. 3 yi el d ( kg/ hm ) 2 6000 5542. 4 5400 5000 CT PRB FRB ZT Yield – average of 3yrs 4000 CT PRB ZT FRB
- 16. Water Savings Traditional Farming
- 17. Water Savings 600 21.21% 42.54% 34.64% FRB i r r i gat i on wat er ( m ) m 500 PRB 400 300 CT 200 ZT 100 Rainfall ef f ect i ve rEffective ai nf ul l 0 2006 2007 2009 year s
- 18. 40 Nitrogen use efficiency N. U. E( kg/ kg) 35 30 PRB ~30% increase 25 20 CT FRB ZT P B R Tr eat m s ent
- 19. Soil depth (cm) Treatment Macro-aggregates Micro-aggregates >2mm 2-1mm 1-0.25mm <0.25mm 0-10 PRB 12.3 10.3 62.2 15.2 ZT 11.1 9.3 63.1 16.5 CT 9.6 8.4 63.9 18.1 10-20 PRB 14.2 12.6 58.4 14.8 ZT 13.1 13.8 58.1 15.0 CT 12.0 12.2 58.1 17.7 20-30 PRB 18.2 22.0 43.7 16.1 ZT 17.4 21.8 44.3 16.5 CT 15.2 19.8 47.1 17.9
- 20. Change in soil structure 1 yr of maize and 3yr of wheat After 4 years of no-till Darker colour, earthy, rough, soft, SOM Traditional farming New beds each year (FRB) Grey colour, blocky, hard, smooth ZT CTF PRB
- 21. Traditional PRB ZT CTF (flat) Traditional
- 22. Economic Savings Difference in input costs (Fuel, Fertiliser, Labour, Cost difference in average （yuan ∕mu） Crops Location Cost difference in percentage （%） A－B A－C B－C Barley Shandan 9.13 -47.5 -56.6 2006 & 2008 2.3% -12.2% -14.9% Wuwei -2.0 -21.0 -18.9 (Liangzhou) -0.6% -6.2% -5.3% 2008 & 2009 Wheat Shandan -10 -68.7 -58.7 2007 & 2009 -2.8% -19.2% -15.9% Jiuquan 16.6 -2.4 -19.0 (Suzhou) 4.3% -0.6% -5.2% 2007 Corn Jiuquan -61.0 -22.6 -83.6 (Suzhou) -5.1% -18.6% -12.9% 2008 & 2009 PRB(A), ZT basin (B) and Traditional (C)
- 23. Barriers to adoption Converting to CA needs higher management skills The first years might be are difficult for the farmers, they require training and support: – from other farmers (assoc.) and extension services. financial support:- (incentives, subsidies) to invest in new machinery, no-till planters. Necessary technologies are often unavailable (no till planters, herbicides and chemical spray equipment) Most farmers cannot take the risk to invest in CA (yield) Machinery dealers might not wish to promote CA (smaller tractors, high machinery standards and low farmer demand)
- 24. Thank you