MPA 213 Management of Rural and Urban Development

1. By:
GENARO T. ESTACIO, JR
ARCHIE A. ESTEVES
RURAL URBAN MIGRATIONMPA 213 MANAGEMENT OF RURAL AND URBANMPA 213 MANAGEMENT OF RURAL AND URBAN
DEVELOPMENTDEVELOPMENT
PROFESSOR:PROFESSOR: DRA. JOSEFINA B. BITONIO, DPADRA. JOSEFINA B. BITONIO, DPA

2. URBANIZATIONURBANIZATION is theis the
increase in the urbanincrease in the urban
population of a country orpopulation of a country or
area;area;
The process ofThe process of
URBANIZATION is probablyURBANIZATION is probably
the most significantthe most significant
dimension of migration, duedimension of migration, due
to its salient social andto its salient social and
economic implications.economic implications.

3. One of the most significant atterns ofOne of the most significant atterns of
rural to urban migration is the movementrural to urban migration is the movement
of people from the countryside to citiesof people from the countryside to cities
in search ofin search of OPPORTUNITIES.OPPORTUNITIES.
MIGRANT is a person
whose last usual place of
residence was different
from the present place of
enumeration on the date of
inquiry has been
considered as migrants.

4. Causes ofCauses of
RURAL-URBANRURAL-URBAN
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
The major causes of rural-urban
migration is identified as; search for
better wages, education, political and
social stability, better technologies,
employment and business opportunities,
poverty, unemployment, crop failures
and famine, inadequate social amenities
and facilities in the rural areas such as
pipe borne water, electricity, good roads,
hospitals, schools, vocational centers.

5. REASONS TOREASONS TO
MIGRATEMIGRATEPeople migrate for both voluntary and
involuntary reasons;
 VOLUNTARY MIGRATION
occurs when people choose to
leave one place for another
An example of voluntary migration is
moving to BAGUIO from
PANGASINAN in search of cold
weather;
 INVOLUNTARY MIGRATION
occurs when people are forced to
move to a new place;
“Probinsyana” who wish to worked in
Urban City/ies as kasambahay is an

6. IMPACTIMPACT
OFOF
MIGRATIOMIGRATIO
NN
Diffusion: The process through which
certain characteristics (e.g., cultural traits,
ideas, disease) spread over space and
through time.
Relocation Diffusion: Ideas, cultural
traits, etc. that move with people from one
place to another and do not remain in
the point of origin.
Expansion Diffusion: Ideas, cultural
traits, etc., that move with people from
one place to another but are not lost at
the point of origin, such as language.
Human migration affects population patterns
and characteristics, social and cultural
patterns and processes, economies, and
physical environments. As people move, their
cultural traits and ideas diffuse along with
them, creating and modifying cultural
landscapes.

7.  As more and more people arrive in the urban center, there will be insufficient
jobs for them and the unemployment rate will increase;
 Brings pressure on urban housing and the environment as migrants arrive from
rural areas they live on the streets & makeshift sub- standard accommodation;
 Population growth in the urban centers also lessens the quality of life because it:
destroys resources, such as water and forests, needed for sustenance; and
 Over population of the urban centers thus encouraging and raising the rate of
crime in the society.
EFFECTS OF RURAL-URBANEFFECTS OF RURAL-URBAN
MIGRATIONMIGRATION

8. TYPES OF MIGRATIONTYPES OF MIGRATION
Occurs when migrant do not intend
to return home.
Reasons for permanent migration
include: the attainment of jobs, the
desire to move to the city or the
desire to establish a farm.
PERMANENTPERMANENT
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
Basic definition (adapted from UNSD
1998): persons returning to their
country if origin after having lived
abroad/other place.
RETURNRETURN
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
Is involuntary. The migrant has little or
no choice to move, due to
environmental and human factors.
FORCEDFORCED
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
The periodic movement of a
population from one region or
climate to another in accordance
with the yearly cycle.
SEASONALSEASONAL
MIGRATIONMIGRATION

9. TYPES OF MIGRATIONTYPES OF MIGRATION
Movement that takes place
outside the regulatory norms of
the sending, transit and receiving
countries. There is no clear or
universally accepted definition
of irregular migration; The
movement of a person or a group
of persons, either across an
international border, or within a
State.
IRREGULARIRREGULAR
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
Is the movement of
people outside their
country of birth or
citizenship.
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
FORFOR
EDUCATIONEDUCATION
Is when
people migrate based on
their own choices.
VOLUNTARYVOLUNTARY
MIGRATIONMIGRATION
It is synonymous with family
formation migration, as
distinct from family
reunification migration,
which may also involve
children and parents.
MARRIAGEMARRIAGE
MIGRATIONMIGRATION

10. FACTORSFACTORS
AFFECTIAFFECTI
NGNG
MIGRATIMIGRATI
ONON
Sound marketization
becomes center of
gravity for migration by
surrounded regions.
This type of areas
attracts more & more
people from the other
areas for better earnings
prospects and better
standard of life and
these impacts on
migration for shifting
from one region to other.
MARKETIZATIMARKETIZATI
ONON
Globalization has today
precipitated the process
due to increased
opportunities. The
reality is that people
today, are moving in
search of survival,
fulfillment, in search of
way to create new
GLOBALIZATIGLOBALIZATI
ONON

11. CONCLUSICONCLUSI
ONON
 The rate of rural-urban migration is
alarming in recent years and its effects
are not only felt by the destination
regions alone but also felt by the
source regions-as facilities in the
destination regions are overstretched,
the source regions are virtually
deserted.
 Unless the government provides the
basic necessities of life to the rural
areas and provide the productive youth
in the rural areas with employment
opportunities people will continuously
drift in to the urban centers from the

12. RECOMMENDATRECOMMENDAT
IONSIONS
The Government should also
provide jobs for the citizens in
the rural areas
In view of the effects of rural-
urban migration the
Government should strive to
provide social amenities and
facilities in the rural areas
Those youths that passed out
of the Vocational training
centers should be given
micro-loans as a start-up
Vocational training centers
should be established in the
rural centers for training of the
productive youths for self
employment

13. REFERRENCREFERRENC
ESES
 A pilot Study: Report of Migration, Trafficking
and sites of work: Rights and Vulnerabilities, by
jagori, New Delhi. 1995.
 A report on Migration in India, National Sample
Survey Organization, October, 1998.
 Urbanization and migration, Department of
social development, 2009
 1. J. Ghosh, (2009), “Migration and Gender
Empowerment: Recent Trends and Emerging
Issues”, The Journal of UNDP.
 J.n.chodhary(2002), “Male-female migration in
india:Causes And Trends”
 https://www.slideshare.net/MJ4950/urbanization-
migration