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- 2. MANUFACTURING REGIONS REGION FAVOURABLE FACTORS LIMITATIONS MAIN INDUSTRIES PWV Complex DurbanPinetown South-western Cape Port ElizabethUitenhage Problem: Development only in these four regions, the rest of the country under developed. Post 1994 government developed a programme to promote development across the country
- 4. Gauteng Facts •30% of SA population •370 people/km2 •97% urbanised – not necessarily civilized? •70%of SA’s labour force •22% contribution to mining sector •38% of SA’s GDP •1,4% of SA’s area
- 5. OVER CENTRALIZATION ISSUES (AGGLOMERATION) Congestion Pollution – air, noise, land Insufficient housing Infrastructure becomes over used – power cuts Insufficient jobs-no money, squatter camps and crime MINING’S CONTRIBUTION TO JHB JHB 1886 Brought people – towns established Supporting industries e.g. explosives, wood, clothing etc. Road and rail network Other infrastructural development – electricity, hospitals and schools, water
- 6. MINING AND JHB TODAY Many gold mines exhausted and closed Mines on edge of golden circle still successful Secondary industries are well entrenched Tertiary activities dominate e.g. business tourism, banking and selling MAJOR INDUSTRIES Major Industries ESKOM AECI AFROX ISCOR SASOL Food and beverages Motor vehicles – market and steel Major Services Stock exchange Banking IT
- 7. FACTORS FAVOURING INDUSTRY IN GAUTENG Central position in SA Flat land Gold mining attracted skilled labour Water – TVTS, LHWP Electricity from Mpumalanga Better salaries Excellent infrastructur Raw materials close by; platinum, gold, maize, coal and iron Transport links well established Large local market – rural and African migration Many technikons/uni’s/colleges to impart skills Close to Harbour’s – Richards Bay, Durban and Maputo
- 9. EASTERN CAPE
- 10. PORT ELIZABETH - UITENHAGE
- 12. EASTERN CAPE ADVANTAGES Central position to Durban and Cape Town Much labour available Foreign investment in motor industry (VW stared in Uitenhage in 1926 - GM pulled out in 1980’s, now improved) Coega is meant to stimulate economy Wild coast, Addo Elephant Park – eco-tourism EASTERN CAPE DISADVANTAGES Underdeveloped because of previous homelands, Ciskei and Transkei – poor services, infrastructure (few access roads, no piped water, few schools) Poor environment – many subsistence farmers, overgrazed, trees cut for firewood and footpaths cause erosion Overcrowding, overgrazing and soil erosion Limited job opportunities Labour costs too high – Asia and E. Europe car manufacturing Strikes / labour unrest
- 13. COEGA HARBOUR DOLLOS NEAR COEGA
- 14. COEGA PROMISES Deep water port Attract foreign companies Plenty of space to expand Regular water supply from Orange-Fish Tunnel Government backed project New jobs New improved infrastructure Foreign investment New skills learnt Increased tourism COEGA ISSUES Long distance to main market of Gauteng, when Richards Bay and Maputo are available E. Cape cannot support this venture financially. Foreign investments promised but not delivered and rand has devalued. White Elephant? Pollution