1. THE FIRST PEOPLE
Ch. 5 Section 2
Paleo-Arkansans Archaic Woodland Mississippi
*Answer Questions for all four prehistoric native Arkansan groups.
* Starts on p. 110 in book.
1. What crops did they grow, or specialize in? / What did they eat?
2. What tools did they use or invent?/ What resources did they have?
3. What were their dwellings like? / How did they live?

2. Indian Tribe Notes
Osage Indians
1.)What tools did they use or invent?
The used the bow and arrow
2.)Where did this tribe originate from?
The originated from Southern Missouri
3.)What unique rituals did they participate in?
Osage attribute their origins to events associated with Wakondah's separation of
air,earth,and water from the primordial Middle Waters.
4.)What crops did they grow, or specialize in?
They didn't grow crops they were hunters.
5.)What were some traditions of these people...think dress, social classes, ect...
lived in permanent villages and grew corn squash a pumpkin in addition to the
Buffalo they killed.
6.)What were their dwellings like?
The Osage dwellings were rectangle and made of small tree trunks covered with
animal skins, and mats woven out of brush. Many families lived in the same houses.
7.)What type of unique clothing did they wear?
They dressed in animal skins, the men wore leggings, women wore shirts and dresses.
8.)Any additional information not covered above
They did not really live in Arkansas, their houses were in southern Missouri. they
hunted in Arkansas.
QUAPAW INDIANS
1.)What tools did they use or invent?
They used bows and arrows, clubs and spears
2.)Where did this tribe originate from?
Mississippian Tribes
3.)What unique rituals did they participate in?
The participated in the Caddo Harvest Ritual and the Pow Wow
4.)What crops did they grow, or specialize in?
Squash, beans, and corn they also fished and hunted
5.)What were some traditions of these people...think dress, social classes, ect...
The family was the basic unit of Quapaw social organization. Groups of families
related through the males were joined into clans. Clans were usually named for
animals. Clan members believed they were descended from a common ancestor.
6.)What were their dwellings like?

3. Villages consisted of long, rectangular houses in parallel rows and columns.
In the middle of these houses, there was usually an open area for dances in festivals.
7.)What type of unique clothing did they wear?
The Quapaw women wore deerskin went topless in the summer.
Crazy animals. Men were naked or wore loincloths and leggings in the winter. Robes
were also worn by both sexes
8.)Any additional information not covered above
Every village had a leader that was advised by a council of old men.
Affairs were dealt with by villages, but affairs that dealt with the whole tribe were
discussed on a bigger (stage)
Caddo
1. What tools did they use or invent?
A tool that they invented was the salt industry- poured water through sand to dissolve
the salt and then boiled the water to evaporate the moisture.
2. Where did this tribe originate from? (Hint, the answer is not Arkansas)
Tribe originated from Southwest Arkansas
3. What unique rituals did they participate in?
One of the unique rituals they participated in was painting their bodies because they
thought it made them more attractive. They also put tattoos all over themselves.
4. What crops did they grow, or specialize in?
The Caddo Indians grew tobacco.
5. What were some traditions of these people…think dress, social classes, etc…
Some traditions of these people were some woman used body and face paint,
drumming, and they made salt.
6. What were their dwellings like?
There dwellings were small family farms, outdoor fireplaces, and gardens.
7. What type of unique clothing did they wear?
They wore cloth made of plants and tanned deer skin.
8. Any additional information not covered above.
Some additional information is that they had an important "industry" making salt that
they tarded in the shape of a brick.

4. DE SOTO EXPEDITION
1539-1543
MARQUETTE & JOLIET
EXPLORE THE MISSISSIPPI
1673
LA SALLE
EXPLORES THE
MISSIPPI 1682