History of the United States: Beginnings to 1877 (Mason, Jacobs, Ludlum McDougal-Littell, 1995) ... used for 8th grade in BASD. We have two paragraphs and an image (Revere print) on p. 176 Name date location (customhouse) descrip of crowd (street youths and dockworkers) descrip of complaints (impressment, jobs) descrip of instigation (yelling insults, summoning others to join crowd) descrip of firing (one soldier, then others) descrip of results (5 dead or mortally wounded) ID of Attucks (Af-Am sailor and escaped slave) Sons of Liberty event used for propaganda (e.g., name, engraving) legal action: Adams & Quincy attys for defense, 6 acquit, 2 had thumbs branded "as a penalty"
Name date connect to AmRev connect to KentState descrip of instigation (taunting, attacking by crowd of soldiers / soldiers fire back) descrip of results (5 dead, 6 injured) ID of Attucks: 1st Af-Am casualty of AmRev mention Revere engraving legal action, results (6 acquit, 2 guilty of manslaughter; JA defense atty)
Clearly, his image or status or significance has changed over time: We know his name, his ethnicity, his occupation, we have one account saying he's an escaped slave. What else do you know? ("First to die," "martyr"). How has his image changed over time? Why has his image changed?
- Mentions possibility of his being an escaped slave -Raises question of involvement - was he a primary instigator? "Violence soon erupted and a soldier was struck with a thrown piece of wood. Some accounts named Attucks as the person responsible. Other witnesses stated that Attucks was "leaning upon a stick" when the soldiers opened fire." (No citation) - First to die: "Court documents state that Attucks was the first one killed and that he took two bullets in the chest." (No cite, but I know the source) - He's in the Granary Burial Ground (common grave or cremains with other victims...unusual but not unheard of for the time) - LEGACY section is the goldmine
So how did all this groovy information come to be? Look at discussion page. It's all laid out: - uncertainty over (runaway) slave status, NatAm ancestry - folk history vs. "official" history - legacy info (1998 coin) - leadership role / uncertainty There's even bonus material: (a) some crazy ballistics stuff, and (b) how to discuss the ethnicity of multi-racial individuals.
THIS IS WHAT HISTORY IS. A DISCUSSION OF THE PAST, WITH REFERENCE TO SOURCES. The final documents are clean and tidy and on the top. But the history forge is down here. Is this what democratic education is? This is all exposed to you...you can do it, too. Not like a textbook. Questions about history as process in Wikipedia - The "artist's conception" image -- should it be deleted? Moved? Kept where it is? - The Bufford image be deleted? Moved? Kept right where it is? - The 'Crispus Attuck's Grave' image...?