The document discusses the Model Method, an instructional approach for upper primary students. It provides examples of word problems modeled with bars or arrays to represent the relationships and operations in the problems. The examples demonstrate modeling problems for up to 8 days to help average students, and using algebra to model problems for 3-4 days for advanced students. It also discusses using differentiated instructional strategies and modeling techniques for struggling learners.

1. The Model
Method for
Upper Primary
Dr Yeap Ban Har
banhar@sg.marshallcavendish.com
Marshall Cavendish Institute Singapore
Presentation slides are available at
www.banhar.blogspot.com

2. The Model Method is Just One of Many
Methods taught in Primary School

4. The Model Method

5. 5
1st Day 250 – 40 = 210
2nd Day 4 210 : 5 = ?
3rd Day 4 4 250 42 + 16 = ?
4th Day 4 4 4 Rosa made 58 paper
cranes on the last day.
5th Day 4 4 4 4

6. 1st Day
2nd Day 4
3rd Day 4 4
4th Day 4 4 4
250
5th Day 4 4 4 4
6th Day 4 4 4 4 4
7th Day 4 4 4 4 4 4
8th Day 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

7. 1+2+3+4+5+6+7+8+9=?
1st Day
There are 45 fours.
2nd Day 4 45 x 4 = 180
10 units = 250 – 180 = 70
3rd Day 4 4 01 units = 70 : 10 = 7
4th Day 4 4 4 She made (7 + 9 x 4) = 43 paper
cranes on the last day. 250
5th Day 4 4 4 4
6th Day 4 4 4 4 4
7th Day 4 4 4 4 4 4
8th Day 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

9. Struggling Average Advanced
Draw the model for Draw the model for Draw the model for
all 10 days. Or about 7 or 8 days. 3 or 4 days. Using
reduce the algebra.
problems to 4 days.
Or act the situation
out using counters.

10. Sam
Terry 72
Vanessa

11. 36 years old
Sam
Terry 72
Vanessa 36

12. Vanessa
72
Terry

13. Sam
Sam
Terry 72
Vanessa

14. Pablo
Wynn
?
Zena
100

15. Advanced Techniques

16. 270
110

17. 2 units = 160 g
1 units = 160 g : 2 = 80 g
The container weighs
270 110 g – 80 g = 30 g
Using algebra
x+ 3y = 270
x + y = 110
110 So, 2y = 160
y = 160 : 2 = 80
x + y = 110
So, x = 30
The container weighs 30 g.

18. x y y y
270
x y
110

19. boys
34
girls

20. boys
68
girls

21. boys
88 – 68 = 20
girls

22. boys
88 – 68 = 20
girls

23. boys
girls

24. boys
girls

25. boys 2 girls units = 14
34 1 girls unit = 7
girls 3 girls units = 21
21 girls wear spectacles.
34 – 20

27. Differentiated Instruction for Struggling
and Advanced Learners

28. cookies cake 3,6 kg

29. cookies

30. cookies
cookies

31. basketball
soccer Answer: 60
basketball
soccer
Answer: 100

32. Try These Yourselves!

33. 210

35. 5 units = 60
1 units = 60 : 5 = 12
8 units = 8 x 12 = 80 + 16 = 96
Number of women There are 96 people at the party.
Number of men
Number of children

38. $120

39. tuna
chicken 185

40. $1.10
7

41. Apples Pears

42. Strategies
• Who is in the story? What is it about?
• Read a sentence. Do something.
• Leave out numbers in reading a sentence.
• Are you sure? Is it easy?
• Do more mental computations.
• Can you explain this step? Maybe other
people cannot understand it.

43. Basic Models include Part-Whole Model,
Change Model and Comparison Model

44. Mathematics to develop visualization
through bar models, number sense
through mental calculation, and ability to
manage information through word
problems.

45. Parents coaching children are providing the
‘voice’ that eventually becomes the
children’s own thinking.