1. Bioplastics Advances and Sustainability
The 9th SPSJ International Polymer Conference
(IPC2012)
December 14, 2012
2. Presentation Outline
Basic Definitions for Bioplastics.
Growth Factors For Bioplastics.
Feedstocks and Sustainability.
First and Second Generation Bioplastics.
Bioplastics Growth Projections and Market Trends.
Applications in Use Today for Bioplastics.
3. Basic Definitions for Bioplastics
Biodegradable or Compostable Bioplastics
Meet all scientifically recognized standards for
biodegradability and compostability of plastics and plastic
products.
Independent of carbon origin-(i.e. Ecoflex, PBS, PLA ).
Focus is on end-of-life or disposability.
Biobased Bioplastics
Must be organic and contain some percentage of recently
fixed (new) carbon found in biological resources or crops.
Focus on renewable resource based origin.
Uses C14 content measurement.
4. Growth Factors for Bioplastics
Renewable resource versus oil based.
Reduced environmental impact.
Concerns about human health.
End-of-Life disposal issues – Landfill.
Legislative initiatives.
7. Bioplastics Feedstock Issues
Food versus Fuel Debate:
• Food Crops Diversion to Fuels/Plastics
• Land Use
• Fertilizer Use
• Pesticide Use
• The “Ripple Effect “
Use of GMO's
10. Extracting Sugars From Cellulosics
Most Common Industrial Approaches
Dilute acid and enzyme Concentrated acid
hydrolysis extraction
Catalytic biomass
Wet oxidation and enzyme
hydrolysis deconstruction
12. First Generation Bioplastics
…………………….……………………………………………
Starch/PLA/ECOFLEX Polylactic Acid (PLA)
O
O
HO
OH HO
OH
H CH3
H3C
H
L-Lactic Acid
D-Lactic Acid
(0.5%)
Compounded,
100% Renewable & Compostable
Biobased
& Compostable
14. Projected Biomaterials Trends
Bioplastics are still less than
1% of the approximate 230 million tons
of plastics in use today.
Projected 20-30%AGR
15. Projected Durables Growth
Increasing demand for biobased, durable products
in electronics and automotive applications.
By 2011 durables were expected to account
for almost 40% of bioplastics –
compared with 12% in 2010.
(European Bioplastics)
16. Sales Trends in Bioplastics
205KT 500KT 1.2MT
Jim Lunt & Associates LLC. Projections
17. Why The Change?
Continuing lack of infrastructure for use and
disposal of compostable plastics.
“Compostables” performance v durables.
Increasing demand for biobased, semi-durable
and durable products for household goods,
electronics and automotive applications.
Increasing interest and developments in existing
and new monomers from renewable resources.
20. Biobased TPA for PET from Sugars
Gevo Global Bioenergies
p-xylene
biobutanol isobutylene isooctene Toray/UOP
Amyris
Genomatica
t,t muconic acid dimethyl furan
SABIC
TPA
fdca
d limonene p cymene BP
21. Anellotech/Virent Processes
for Biobased Aromatics
Anellotech Process
Virent Process
BTX=benzene, toluene, xylenes mixture.
24. Examples of Emerging Technologies
Avantium PEF ‘yxy’
Avantium’s PEF is a 100% biobased polyester, with glass
transition 10 C higher than PET ,oxygen barrier 6-10
times better than PET, CO2 barrier 2-4 times better than
PET, and water 2 times better than PET.
FDCA bottles
Plant based PEF
films
carbohydrates
EG fibers
Courtesy of Avantium
25. Ketal Plasticizers/Poly XLK
O O O O L-Ketals
OH
HO HO OH HO OH
O NH2
succinic acid 3-hydroxypropionic acid glutamic acid
O
O
HO OH HO O
HO
O NH2
OH OH O
O OR
glycerol 4-hydroxybutyrolactone
O
aspartic acid
HO
O
O O O
OH
OH O
HO HO OH
O O
itaconic acid levulinic acid 2,5-furandicacboxylic acid
OH OH OH OH OH O OH OH
HO
OH O
OH OH OH OH OH OH OH OH O
O O
xylitol sorbitol glucaric acid
O O
O n
PXLK
XLTerra
32. The Future For Bioplastics
Will Depend On
Oil pricing continuing to increase.
Improved performance.
Composting/recycling infrastructure developments.
Expanding from single-use compostable to durable
applications.
Moving to non-food source feedstocks.
Competition from carbon dioxide based plastics.