This document discusses the history of music in antiquity, including prehistoric music dating back 36,000 BCE consisting of whistles and flutes. Ancient Mesopotamian cultures from 4000 BCE are also discussed, with evidence of lyres, harps, lutes, pipes and percussion instruments. Written records from Mesopotamia provide information on instruments, tuning, performers and genres of music used in rituals, daily life and religious ceremonies. Babylonian musical theory from 1800 BCE involved a seven note diatonic scale and is thought to have influenced later Greek music.
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Chapter 1 - Ancient Music
1. Music in
Antiquity
Music 314 - Music History
Lourdes College
2. Historical Traces of
Music
Physical Objects (Instruments)
Visual Images
Writings about Music and
Musicians
Notated Music
3. Prehistoric Music
Before 36,000 BCE - Whistles and
flutes from stone age in europe
6,000 BCE - Turkish cave paintings
show drummers and dancers
4,000 BCE - Bronze age instruments
(bells, cymbals, horns
4,000 BCE - Stone carvings show
string instruments
4. Ancient Mesopotamia
Several cultures, first cities, first known form of writing
Clay tablets in cuneiform mention music
Pictures show musicians with instruments
5. Ancient Mesopotamian
instruments
Surviving instruments include:
Lyres and harps
Lutes and pipes
Drums, bells, other percussion
instruments
Evidence of music survives from
the ruling class
6. Uses of music in
mesopotamia
Ritual - weddings, funerals
Daily life - nursery songs, work
songs, dance music
Festival entertainment
Religious ceremonies
Story-telling songs
7. Written records from
mesopotamia
Written records of instruments,
tuning procedures, performers,
techniques, and genres (types of
musical compositions)
Earliest known composer:
Enheduanna (high priestess of ur)
She composed hymns to various gods
and goddesses
Only the text of her hymns survive
8. Babylonia 1800 BCE
Instructions for tuning a string
instrument using a seven note diatonic
scale
Development of interval theory, used to
create the earliest known notation (1300
BCE)
Not enough known about the system to put
it into modern notation
Most music, however, performed from
memory or improvised
Bablyonian musical theory seems to have
influenced the later greeks
9. Other ancient
civilizatons
Instruments, writings and images of
musical culture have survived from
India and china, but did not influence
greek or european music
Egyptian sources includes artifacts,
paintings, and writings, but no
notated music
Bible describes religious musical
practices in ancient Israel