2.  All of the changes in pop culture came because Americans
had more leisure time than ever before
 Radio first broadcast in 1920 and was an immediate and
massive success
 The film industry thrived and was controlled mostly by movie
studios in Hollywood, CA.
 Radio and Film allowed for the rise of heroes and celebrities,
who the average person could now listen to in their own
homes or see at the theater

3.  Sports and Film, in combination with the Radio, led to an age
of celebrities and heroes:
 “Babe” Ruth remains one of the most famous baseball players of all
time
 Charles “Lucky Lindy” Lindburg flew The Spirit of St. Louis across
the Atlantic for the first transatlantic flight
 Heroes emerged in Boxing, Football, and Film, as well

4.  A new consumer economy made life easier for urban women
 Many adapted the style of the “Flapper”
 Short hair, short dresses, and a rejection of the morals of their
Victorian era predecessors
 Not all women wanted to be flappers, but many did want to
challenge political, economic, and social boundaries

5.  Much of the modern art reflected the uncertain mood of the
era
 Sigmund Freud, a prominent psychologist, also inspired art
with his belief that behavior is not driven by rational
thought, but instead by unconscious desires
 Id, Ego, and Superego
 Traditionalist artists were clashing with more modernist
artists
 Modernists tried to reflect more abstract styles, while
traditionalists attempted to capture every day life

6.  Authors of the 1920s are often referred to as the “lost”
generation, as they no longer had faith in the cultural
guideposts of their Victorian Era elders
 In other words, they wanted to find their own way and break away
from the traditions of their parents
 Most literature of the time reflects this desire to find a new way
 The most prominent example was F. Scott Fitzgerald’s “The Great
Gatsby”

8.  Many African Americans migrated north for jobs and a chance
at a better life
 Cities like New York, Cleveland, Pittsburgh, and Chicago
contained a growing African American middle and upper class
 African American ministers, doctors, lawyers, teachers, and
journalists became role models for the next generation

9.  Despite growing opportunity in the north, African Americans
still faced discrimination, and generally lived in the worst
housing and had the lowest paying jobs
 Harlem, in New York City, became a focal point for African
Americans, as 200,000 African Americans settled there
 Most came from the south or Migrated from Caribbean Islands
 Became the place where African Americans could voice
concerns about racial problems

10.  The most prominent African American leader of the 1920s,
from Jamaica
 Unlike WEB Du Bois and Booker T. Washington, Garvey
promoted the idea of black nationalism, and advocated the
separation of the races instead of working with white people
 He even organized a “Back to Africa” movement
 Garvey wound up being convicted of Mail Fraud and deported
back to Jamaica
 Without Garvey’s leadership, his movement ultimately
faltered

11.  This is the term for the growth of African American culture in
the 1920s
 African American Literature advanced during this era, as
writers expressed the struggles and frustrations African
Americans were facing
 Langston Hughes, for example, was the most powerful African
American Literary voice
 Wrote of the pain and pride of being black

12.  Jazz was an American Hybrid of African American and
European music forms
 Emerged in the south and midwest, particularly in New
Orleans
 Trumpet player Louis Armstrong became the unofficial
ambassador of Jazz,
 Known for his trumpet playing and subtle ability to improvise, most
consider Louis Armstrong a music legend

13. Louis Armstrong and his Hot Five - Fireworks (1928)
Louis Armstrong Hot Five - Got No Blues (1927)
Louis Armstrong Hot Seven - Wild Man Blues (1927)