3. Simplified Model of Information Processing Fig. 7.1

4. Information-Processing Approach Mechanisms of Change Encoding Mechanism by which information enters memory Automaticity Ability to process information with little or no effort Strategy construction Discovering new procedure for processing information Metacognition Cognition about cognition, or “knowing about knowing”

7. The Relation of Age to Reaction Time Fig. 7.2

9. Types of Attention Selective attention Focusing on specific aspect of experience that is relevant while ignoring others Divided attention Concentrating on more than one activity at a time Sustained attention Maintain focus on selected stimulus over prolonged period; called vigilance Executive attention Focus on action planning, goals, errors and compensation, monitoring, and unknown

13. The Planfulness of Attention In three pairs of houses, the windows were different In three pairs of houses, all windows were identical By filming the reflection in children’s eyes, one could determine what they looked at, how long they looked, and the sequence of their eye movements. Fig. 7.4 J (b) (a) J

17. Processing Information in Memory Fig. 7.5

24. Working Memory Model Fig. 7.9

28. Fig. 7.11 Imagery and Memory of Verbal Information

33. Memory for Spanish as a Function of Age Since Spanish Was Learned Fig. 7.13

48. Developmental Changes in False Belief Performance Fig. 7.17

52. The End