4. Explore the Seas Motives Gain direct access to Asia Wealth Crusade against the Muslims Desire to learn more about the lands beyond Europe Improved Technology Cartographers Astrolabe Caravel
5. Portugal Sails Eastward African Coast Prince Henry the Navigator (1394-1460) Explored the western coast of Africa Diaz rounded the southern tip of Africa (Cape of Good Hope) Opened the way for a sea route to Asia
6. Portugal Sails Eastward India Vasco da Gama reached to spice port of Calicut Lost half their ships and sailors Died of hunger, thirst, and scurvy Sold at profit of 3000 % 1502 forced a treaty of friendship with Calicut
7. Columbus Sails to the West Italian Navigator Two Errors He greatly underestimated the size of the Earth He had no idea that two continents lay in his path
8. Columbus Financer: Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain Isabella wanted to spread Christianity in Asia Three Ships Nina Pinta Santa Maria
9. Columbus August 3, 1492 Columbus sailed west October 12, 1492“LAND, LAND” Several months exploring 1493 Returned to Spain a hero
10. Lines of Demarcation Pope Alexander VI set a Line of Demarcation dividing the non-European world into two zones Spain had trading and exploration rights in lands west of the line Portugal had the same rights east of the line. The line ran due north and south 100 leagues (about 300 mi) west of the Azores and Cape Verde Islands.
11. Search Continues Vasco Nunez de Balboa Ferdinand Magellan Hacked a passage through the tropical forests of Panama Named the new sea Balboa Sea November 1520, ships entered a bay at the southern tip of South America Charted a passage known as the Strait of Magellan Emerged from Balboa South Sea (renamed the Pacific Ocean)
12. Ferdinand Magellan One ship and 18 sailors completed the voyage September 8, 1522 the survivors reached Seville Continued across the Pacific Ocean Four months at sea March 1521 reached the Philippines Magellan was killed in a local conflict
13. Northwest Passage John Cabot Jacques Cartier Henry Hudson England searches a northerly route French explored the St. Lawrence River Dutch explored the Hudson River
